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Effective partial pressure
and fugacity are related through the dimensionless fugacity coefficient φ = f P . {\displaystyle \varphi ={\frac {f}{P}}.} For an ideal gas, fugacity and
Fugacity
Proportional constant used to calculate the concentration of a chemical in a system
how to utilize the fugacity capacity to calculate the concentration of a chemical in a system. Depending on the chemical, fugacity capacity varies. The
Fugacity_capacity
American physical chemist (1875–1946)
the thermodynamic concept of activity and coined the term "fugacity". His new idea of fugacity, or "escaping tendency", was a function with the dimensions
Gilbert_N._Lewis
Model for calculating equilibrium partitioning between different phases
question that includes fugacities, concentrations, fluxes and amounts. The important values are the proportionality constant, called fugacity capacity expressed
Multimedia_fugacity_model
Geochemical assemblage
a redox buffer, then the oxygen fugacity of equilibration is defined by one of the curves in the accompanying fugacity-temperature diagram. Redox buffers
Mineral_redox_buffer
Level of water-borne toxins in an organism
well as from mathematical models. One of these mathematical models is a fugacity-based BCF model developed by Don Mackay. Bioconcentration factor can also
Bioconcentration
Measure of the effective concentration of a species in a mixture
gas i is given by its fugacity fi: this may be higher or lower than its mechanical pressure. By historical convention, fugacities have the dimension of
Thermodynamic_activity
Correction factor which describes the deviation of a real gas from ideal gas behavior
deviates from the ideal case. The compressibility factor is linked to the fugacity by the relation:[citation needed] f = P exp ( ∫ Z − 1 P d P ) {\displaystyle
Compressibility_factor
Iron ore mineral
a buffer that can control how oxidizing its environment is (the oxygen fugacity). This buffer is known as the hematite-magnetite or HM buffer. At lower
Magnetite
Chemical element with atomic number 13 (Al)
is extremely rare and can only be found as a minor phase in low oxygen fugacity environments, such as the interiors of certain volcanoes. Native aluminium
Aluminium
Law of thermodynamics for vapour pressure of a mixture
{f_{i}}{p^{\ominus }}},} as the gas-phase mole fraction depends on its fugacity, f i {\displaystyle f_{i}} , as a fraction of the pressure in the reference
Raoult's_law
When the ratio of reactants to products of a chemical reaction is constant with time
concentration and fugacity coefficient in place of activity coefficient. In the real world, for example, when making ammonia in industry, fugacity coefficients
Chemical_equilibrium
Chemical property
different buffers. For equilibria in a gas phase, fugacity, f, is used in place of activity. However, fugacity has the dimension of pressure, so it must be
Equilibrium_constant
Iron end-member of olivine, a nesosilicate mineral
reaction is used to control the fugacity of oxygen in laboratory experiments. It can also be used to calculate the fugacity of oxygen recorded by mineral
Fayalite
Twenty-first letter in the Greek alphabet
representation for an aromatic functional group in organic chemistry. The fugacity coefficient in thermodynamics. The ratio of free energy destabilizations
Phi
coexisting carbonates and sulfides can be used to determine the pH and oxygen fugacity of the ore-bearing fluid during ore formation.[citation needed] In most
Isotopes_of_sulfur
Chemical element with atomic number 16 (S)
temperature of equilibrium between ore and water, determine pH and oxygen fugacity, identify the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the time of formation
Sulfur
Solution exhibiting thermodynamic properties analogous to an ideal gas
obeys the fugacity analogue of Raoult's law f i = x i f i ∗ {\displaystyle f_{i}=x_{i}f_{i}^{*}} . Here f i {\displaystyle f_{i}} is the fugacity of component
Ideal_solution
Chemical element with atomic number 26 (Fe)
contact with carbon-rich sedimentary rocks, which have reduced the oxygen fugacity sufficiently for iron to crystallize. This is known as telluric iron and
Iron
Pressure of a component gas in a mixture
thermodynamics, this concept is generalized to non-ideal gases and instead called fugacity. The partial pressure of a real gas is a measure of its thermodynamic activity
Partial_pressure
Crystalline chemical element or compound formed by geologic processes
Al)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH). The presence of iron as Fe3+ and Fe2+ helps buffer oxygen fugacity, which in turn is a significant factor in petrogenesis. Other examples
Mineral
Chemical element with atomic number 42 (Mo)
critical role in nuclear fuel chemistry because it affects the fuel's oxygen fugacity. Molybdenum produced by nuclear fission in the fuel matrix inhibits the
Molybdenum
Chemicals that prevent body decomposition
(1999). "Ranking of toxics release inventory chemicals using a Level III fugacity model and toxicity". Water Science and Technology. 39 (10–11): 83–90. doi:10
Embalming_chemicals
Application of oxidation state to the study of the Earth's mantle
as the oxygen fugacity ( f O 2 {\displaystyle fO_{2}} ) of the system within the framework of thermodynamics. A higher oxygen fugacity implies a more
Mantle_oxidation_state
Concentration of a vapor in contact with its liquid
vapor–liquid equilibrium condition in a pure system is by using the concept of fugacity. Under this view, equilibrium is described by the following equation: f
Vapor–liquid_equilibrium
Value accounting for thermodynamic non-ideality of mixtures
gases can be adjusted for non-ideality by scaling partial pressures by a fugacity coefficient. The concept of activity coefficient is closely linked to that
Activity_coefficient
State of matter
{\displaystyle \lambda } is the thermal wavelength, f {\displaystyle f} is the fugacity, and g α ( f ) = ∑ n = 1 ∞ f n n α . {\displaystyle g_{\alpha }(f)=\sum
Bose–Einstein_condensate
Planned Venus atmospheric probe
Mass Spectrometer VTLS Venus Tunable Laser Spectrometer VfOx Venus Oxygen Fugacity CUVIS Compact Ultraviolet to Visible Imaging Spectrometer Discovery program
DAVINCI
Industrial process for ammonia production
}}{P}}\right)^{2},} where ϕ ^ i {\displaystyle {\hat {\phi }}_{i}} is the fugacity coefficient of species i {\displaystyle i} , y i {\displaystyle y_{i}}
Haber_process
Naturally occurring pure metallic silver mineral
in its native metallic state requires geochemical conditions with low fugacity of sulfur (fS2) and strongly reducing conditions (low Eh). This stability
Native_silver
Series of sub-alkaline magmas
(2004). "An experimental investigation of the influence of water and oxygen fugacity on differentiation of MORB at 200 MPa". Journal of Petrology. 46 (1): 135–167
Tholeiitic_magma_series
Mineral
(May 1986). "The color of meteoritic hibonite: an indicator of oxygen fugacity". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 78 (1): 67–79. Bibcode:1986E&PSL
Hibonite
=v_{\text{liq}}\mathrm {d} P_{\text{liq}}} at constant temperature. The fugacity shift from pressure is thus: f ( T , P ) f sat ( T ) = exp ( 1 R T ∫
Poynting_effect
Natural processes of carbon exchange
descend into the mantle before being stabilised at depth by low oxygen fugacity environments. Magnesium, iron, and other metallic compounds act as buffers
Carbon_cycle
Ratio of concentrations in a mixture at equilibrium
Mackay, D; Parnis, J. Mark (2021). Multimedia Environmental Models: The Fugacity Approach (Third ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-000-09499-2
Partition_coefficient
Peralkaline rhyolite type of volcanic rock
Parker, D.F., 2005, "Variation in mineralogy, temperature, and oxygen fugacity in a suite of strongly peralkaline lavas and tuffs, Pantelleria, Italy
Pantellerite
Type of thermodynamic potential
=\mu ^{\circ }+kT\ln {\frac {p}{p^{\circ }}}\,.} In non-ideal systems, fugacity comes into play. The Gibbs free energy total differential with respect
Gibbs_free_energy
Reference redox electrode used under standard conditions
activity of gaseous hydrogen (H 2), which is approximated here by its fugacity p H 2 . {\displaystyle p_{\mathrm {H_{2}} }.} p H 2 {\displaystyle p_{\mathrm
Standard_hydrogen_electrode
Mathematical descriptions of molecular diffusion
potential (J/mol). The driving force of Fick's law can be expressed as a fugacity difference: J i = − D R T ∂ f i ∂ x , {\displaystyle J_{i}=-{\frac {D}{RT}}{\frac
Fick's_laws_of_diffusion
Artwork created through actions of an artist or other participants
critical art in Eastern Europe. In the 1970s, performance art, due to its fugacity,[clarification needed] had a solid presence in the Eastern European avant-garde
Performance_art
Large area of molten rock on the surface of a planet
coefficients to 20 GPa and 2800°C: the effects of pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity, and silicate and metallic melt compositions". Physics of the Earth and
Magma_ocean
Entropy S J/K Y Temperature T Y (entropic) Specific entropy s J/(kg K) Y Fugacity f N/m2 Y Gibbs free energy G J Y Y Specific Gibbs free energy g J/kg
List of thermodynamic properties
List_of_thermodynamic_properties
Spanish painter (1931–2026)
el silencio". ABC. Retrieved 5 February 2026. "Cristino de Vera: Essence & Fugacity". Institut Valencià d'Art Modern. Retrieved 5 February 2026. v t e
Cristino_de_Vera
Model in physical chemistry
important in the determination or the description of an azeotrope. The gas fugacity coefficients are mostly set to unity (ideal gas assumption), but for vapor-liquid
Non-random_two-liquid_model
Class of chemical compounds
of fatty alcohols of lengths C12–C18 are removed. Fate prediction using fugacity modeling has shown that fatty alcohols with chain lengths of C10 and greater
Fatty_alcohol
Statistical model for 2D crystals
due to the presence of virtual pairs of dislocation, the probability (fugacity) y {\displaystyle y} for creating additional virtual dislocations is enhanced
KTHNY_theory
{\displaystyle \Phi _{i}^{j}} is the fugacity coefficient of species i {\displaystyle i} in phase j {\displaystyle j} . The fugacity coefficient, being defined
Residual_property_(physics)
Sustainable energy from sea and river water
redirect targets Renewable energy – Energy collected from renewable resources Fugacity – Effective partial pressure Concentration cell – Galvanic cell Solar pond –
Osmotic_power
Process of rock formation
compositional changes that must be considered. For example, the partial pressure (fugacity) of water in silicate melts can be of prime importance, as in near-solidus
Fractional crystallization (geology)
Fractional_crystallization_(geology)
Subdiscipline of chemistry concerned with chemical equilibrium
bar. Fugacity can be expressed as the product of partial pressure, p, and a fugacity coefficient, Φ: f = p Φ {\displaystyle f=p\Phi } Fugacity coefficients
Equilibrium_chemistry
Plot of thermodynamically stable phases of an aqueous electrochemical system
as reference in the reduction potentials series) and the hydrogen gas fugacity (corresponding to chemical activity for a gas) at 1, the equation for the
Pourbaix_diagram
Pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium
pressure of mixtures of liquids. It states that the activity (pressure or fugacity) of a single-phase mixture is equal to the mole-fraction-weighted sum of
Vapor_pressure
Concentration of cerium vs. other rare-earth metals
fugacity is high, more Ce3+ will oxidize to Ce4+ and create a larger positive Ce anomaly in the zircon structure. At lower levels of oxygen fugacity,
Cerium_anomaly
where the fugacity coefficients of the two phases are equal to each other. So, in this case, the main aim can be limited to deriving fugacity coefficients
Thermodynamic_modelling
Class of thermodynamic models
(1949-02-01). "On the Thermodynamics of Solutions. V. An Equation of State. Fugacities of Gaseous Solutions". Chemical Reviews. 44 (1): 233–244. doi:10.1021/cr60137a013
Cubic_equations_of_state
Industrial liquid purification method
through the membrane. The chemical potential can be expressed in terms of fugacity, given by Raoult's law for a liquid and by Dalton's law for (an ideal)
Pervaporation
Function in thermodynamics and statistical physics
z\equiv \exp(\mu /k_{\text{B}}T)} is known as the absolute activity (or fugacity) and Z ( N i , V , T ) {\displaystyle Z(N_{i},V,T)} is the canonical partition
Partition function (statistical mechanics)
Partition_function_(statistical_mechanics)
Scottish-Canadian scientist and engineer (1936–2023)
Modelling Centre at Trent University. He has developed several multimedia fugacity models. He has stressed that principles of good practice also need to be
Donald_Mackay_(scientist)
Gas equation of state which accounts for non-ideal gas behavior
(1949). "On the Thermodynamics of Solutions. V. An Equation of State. Fugacities of Gaseous Solutions" (PDF). Chemical Reviews. 44 (1): 233–244. doi:10
Van_der_Waals_equation
water, each mineral in equilibrium with the system, each gas at known fugacity, and important aqueous species. Once the basis is defined, a modeler can
Geochemical_modeling
Titanium oxide mineral
"First terrestrial occurrence of tistarite (Ti2O3): Ultra-low oxygen fugacity in the upper mantle beneath Mount Carmel, Israel" (PDF), Geology, 44 (10)
Tistarite
fug- fug- fugit- flee centrifugal, centrifugation, centrifuge, fugacious, fugacity, fugal, fugato, fugitive, fugue, refuge, refugee, subterfuge, transfuge
List of Latin verbs with English derivatives
List_of_Latin_verbs_with_English_derivatives
Number associated with self-avoiding walks
Bibcode:2010arXiv1009.6077S. Smirnov, Stanislav (2014). "The critical fugacity for surface adsorption of SAW on the honeycomb lattice is 1 + 2 {\displaystyle
Connective_constant
Type of metamorphic rock
fluid responsible for the metasomatism was characterised by a high oxygen fugacity. The main reaction involved in their formation is Mg-chlorite + quartz
Whiteschist
Measure of lipophilicity and hydrophilicity
OCLC 36430034. Mackay D (2021). Multimedia environmental models : the fugacity approach. J. Mark Parnis (Third ed.). Boca Raton, FL. ISBN 978-1-000-09499-2
Octanol-water partition coefficient
Octanol-water_partition_coefficient
Method of converting liquid or slurry to powder
the osmosis principle, water will be encouraged by its difference in fugacities in the vapor and liquid phases to leave the micelles and enter the air
Spray_drying
Spinel mineral
temperature measurement of refractory oxide ceramics as a function of oxygen fugacity using containerless methods". Journal of the American Ceramic Society.
Hercynite
Subdivision of the subalkaline magma series
are reduced, and calc-alkaline magmas are oxidized, with higher oxygen fugacities. When mafic (basalt-producing) magmas crystallize, they preferentially
Calc-alkaline_magma_series
Sum of inorganic carbon species in a solution
(total alkalinity; AT) Bjerrum plot Dissolved organic carbon Fugacity (carbon dioxide fugacity; fCO2) Ocean acidification pH Total organic carbon Environmental
Dissolved_inorganic_carbon
Iron(II) oxide (FeO) mineral formed under reducing conditions
Furthermore, the redox state of the rock remains at the same level of oxygen fugacity[clarification needed]. Considering buffering the redox potential (Eh) in
Wüstite
Geological technique
run at varying temperatures (and to a lesser extent pressure and oxygen fugacity), with the goal of producing an Arrhenius plot. From the Arrhenius plot
Diffusion_chronometry
UNIQUAC (in French) COSMOSPACE Chemical equilibrium Chemical thermodynamics Fugacity Andreas Klamt, Gerard J. P. Krooshof, Ross Taylor "COSMOSPACE: Alternative
COSMOSPACE
Equation describing a state of matter under a given set of conditions
(1949-02-01). "On the Thermodynamics of Solutions. V. An Equation of State. Fugacities of Gaseous Solutions". Chemical Reviews. 44 (1): 233–244. doi:10.1021/cr60137a013
Equation_of_state
Change in energies of a thermodynamic system with respect to particle number
Electrochemical potential Equilibrium chemistry Excess chemical potential Fugacity Partial molar property Thermodynamic activity Thermodynamic equilibrium
Chemical_potential
Synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide by biological organisms
A.J.; Nightingale, P.D. (1996). "Large decrease in ocean—surface CO2 fugacity in response to in situ iron fertilization". Nature. 383 (6600): 511–513
Primary_production
Nickel sulfide mineral
concomitant loss of volatiles from the serpentinite, tends to lower sulfur fugacity. This forms disseminated needle like millerite crystals dispersed throughout
Millerite
Italian rhetorician, historian and poet (1590–1640)
devoted to the funerals of famous contemporaries or are concerned with the fugacity of time. The volume closes with Book IV, De Rebus Sacris (On sacred matters)
Agostino_Mascardi
German jurist and philosopher (1802–1884)
philosophy was an attempt to mediate between realism and idealism. On the fugacity of law, he said "only three words of the legislature can destroy whole
Julius_von_Kirchmann
Movement of carbon through Earth's mantle and core
descend into the mantle before being stabilised at depth by low oxygen fugacity environments. Magnesium, iron, and other metallic compounds act as buffers
Deep_carbon_cycle
bioavailability can also be obtained from chemical solid-phase soil extractions. Fugacity modelling of bioavailability is based on the solubility and partitioning
Bioavailability_(soil)
Expansion coefficients in statistical mechanics
( k B T ) ] {\displaystyle \lambda =\exp[\mu /(k_{\text{B}}T)]} is the fugacity, with μ {\displaystyle \mu } the chemical potential. The quantity Q n {\displaystyle
Virial_coefficient
Fluid dynamics equation of state
for Thermodynamic Properties of Light Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures Fugacities and Liquid-Vapor Equilibria", Chemical Engineering Progress, 47 (9): 449–454
Benedict–Webb–Rubin_equation
Reference electrode used in electrochemical study
Thus the equilibrium is controlled in one case by the partial pressure or fugacity of molecular hydrogen and in other case—by activity of H+-ions in solution
Palladium-hydrogen_electrode
Large early layered igneous intrusion
of the magma chamber. Increase in total pressure of the system, oxygen fugacity and alpha-silica. One of the most accepted mechanisms were proposed by
Bushveld_Igneous_Complex
Chemical compound
chromium(III) oxide and iron(III) oxide at 1200 °C for 24 h in a controlled oxygen fugacity. Single crystals can be prepared by floating zone crystal growth. It is
Iron(II)_chromite
Neoproterozoic surge in atmospheric oxygen
catalyst manganese dioxide, which is only stable and abundant at high oxygen fugacities, a positive excursion of δ53Cr indicates an increase in atmospheric oxygen
Neoproterozoic oxygenation event
Neoproterozoic_oxygenation_event
Generalization of the concept from statistical mechanics
Lagrange multipliers. One is to hold the energy constant, and another, the fugacity, is to hold the particle count constant (as chemical reactions involve
Partition function (mathematics)
Partition_function_(mathematics)
Mountain in Chile
Jones, A. P.; Beard, A. D. (1 October 1994). "Buffering of melt oxygen fugacity by sulphur redox reactions in calc-alkaline magmas". Journal of the Geological
Aguas_Calientes_(volcano)
Study of the transformations involving carbon within the systems of the Earth
on the oxygen fugacity of the environment. Carbon dioxide and carbonate are found where the oxygen fugacity is high. Lower oxygen fugacity results in diamond
Geochemistry_of_carbon
Nigerian chemical engineer
engineering. He has 9 patents and a total of 99 publications including Fugacity and Vapor Pressure of Non-Polar Liquids at Low Temperatures, Thermoplastics
Olagoke_Olabisi
>D[001] (Barth et al., 2023; Mackwell and Kohlstedt, 1990) and oxygen fugacity was shown to have no effect on diffusion rates in olivine. High diffusion
Melt_inclusion
Oxide mineral
samples. The Ti3+/Ti4+ ratio in armalcolite can serve as an indicator of fugacity (effective partial pressure) of oxygen during the mineral's formation.
Armalcolite
sample and to provide, via the capsule, a suitable volatile and oxygen fugacity environment for the experiment. Therefore, it includes a component for
Piston-cylinder_apparatus
Empirical algebraic equation of state more precise than the Van der Waals equation
b'={\sqrt[{3}]{2}}-1\approx 0.26} From the Redlich–Kwong equation, the fugacity coefficient of a gas can be estimated: ln ϕ = ∫ 0 P Z − 1 p d P = Z −
Redlich–Kwong equation of state
Redlich–Kwong_equation_of_state
Oxide mineral
alkaline earth silicate melts: relationships between melt structure, oxygen fugacity, temperature and properties of ironbearing silicate liquids". Am. Mineral
Freudenbergite
Liquid equilibrium model in statistical thermodynamics
and are usually tabulated. Chemical equilibrium Chemical thermodynamics Fugacity UNIQUAC – UNIversal QUasi-chemical Activity Coefficients UNIFAC Consortium
UNIFAC
State of matter of many bosons
is the number of states with energy εi; z is the absolute activity (or "fugacity"), which may also be expressed in terms of the chemical potential μ by
Bose_gas
Sulfide mineral
concomitant loss of volatiles from the serpentinite, tends to lower sulfur fugacity. In this environment, nickel sulfide mineralogy converts to the lowest-sulfur
Heazlewoodite
Calculation of the composition of a rock
carbonate. Excess elemental C also, in nature, results in reduced oxygen fugacity and alters Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios. Halides. The presence of some halides and
Normative_mineralogy
Volcanic field in Durango State, Mexico
Correlations among Vent Location, Texture, Temperature, Pressure, and Oxygen Fugacity". Journal of Petrology. 38 (8): 1075–1112. doi:10.1093/petroj/38.8.1075
Durango_volcanic_field
FUGACITY
FUGACITY
FUGACITY
FUGACITY
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian
Cheerful; Happiness
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English
White Wave; Lord is Gracious; Variant of Jenny which is a Diminutive of Jane and Jennifer
Biblical
a riddle; sharpness of wit
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess Durga
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Melodious as the Yaaz
Male
Native American
Unisex Native American Choctaw name ISI means "deer."
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Head; General; Leader; A Companion of Prophet Muhammad
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Celtic, Christian, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Latin
Well Born; Noble; Race of Women; Juniper Tree; Woman; Feminine of Eugene
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Warner
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam
Perfectly Created
FUGACITY
FUGACITY
FUGACITY
FUGACITY
FUGACITY
a.
The quality of being fugacious; fugaclousness; volatility; as, fugacity of spirits.
a.
Uncertainty; instability.
n.
The quality or condition of being fugitive; evanescence; volatility; fugacity; instability.
n.
Fugacity.