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Search references for FORMULAIC LANGUAGE. Phrases containing FORMULAIC LANGUAGE
See searches and references containing FORMULAIC LANGUAGE!FORMULAIC LANGUAGE
Utterances with fixed forms and often non-literal meaning
Formulaic language (previously known as automatic speech or embolalia) is a linguistic term for verbal expressions that are fixed in form, often non-literal
Formulaic_language
Phrase with a non-literal meaning
non-literal meaning, rather than making any literal sense. Categorized as formulaic language, an idiomatic expression's meaning is different from the literal meanings
Idiom
Transmission of information
as well as sign language. Non-verbal communication happens without the use of a linguistic system, for example, using body language, touch, and facial
Communication
Welsh linguist (born 1960)
Research Professor in Language and Communication at Cardiff University in the United Kingdom. She is known for her work on formulaic language. Wray has been
Alison_Wray
All the words in a language collectively
children's may realise the same lexical item. Lexical grouping may be: Formulaic: it relies on partially fixed expressions and highly probable word combinations
Lexis_(linguistics)
Theory about the formulation of epic poetry by oral poets
Oral-formulaic composition is a theory that originated in the scholarly study of epic poetry and developed in the second quarter of the twentieth century
Oral-formulaic_composition
Socially offensive form of language
memorable, or produce a comedic effect. Profanity often presents as formulaic language, in which specific words can only be used in specific phrases, often
Profanity
Epic poem attributed to Homer
and Albert Lord demonstrated that illiterate singers could exploit formulaic language to improvise large poems, much like the Homeric Greek. Of the 27,803
Odyssey
Effort to promote an endangered language or revive a dead language
Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language
Language_revitalization
Transfer of the meaning of something in one language into another
machine translation False cognate False friend First language Formulaic language Fusional languages Graeco-Arabic translation movement Head (linguistics)
Translation
Timing, rhythm, and intonation of speech
identifying pauses. There are a variety of "filled" pause types. Formulaic language pause fillers include "Like", "Er" and "Um", and paralinguistic expressive
Prosody_(linguistics)
Polynesian language spoken in New Zealand
patterns [and] rhyme" to leave a lasting impression. "Casting knowledge in formulaic or other standarised story forms... helped to fix the information in the
Māori_language
Oral-formulaic theory in Anglo-Saxon poetry refers to the application of the hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question to verse
Oral-formulaic theory in Anglo-Saxon poetry
Oral-formulaic_theory_in_Anglo-Saxon_poetry
Extinct Bronze Age Indo-European language
to provide a partial interpretation of the two letters because of the formulaic nature of the diplomatic correspondence of the period. Knudtzon was definitively
Hittite_language
Epic poem attributed to Homer
contemporary American-English idioms to convey Homer's conventional and formulaic language. Rodney Merrill's translation (University of Michigan Press, 2007)
Iliad
Words or sounds used without meaning, like "umm" or "Err.."
such as thingamajig. Fillers fall into the category of formulaic language, and different languages have different characteristic filler sounds. The term
Filler_(linguistics)
Traditional saying that reveals a thought truth
experience. Proverbs are often metaphorical and are an example of formulaic language. A proverbial phrase or a proverbial expression is a type of a conventional
Proverb
Indian film by Pulkit
Duggal and Sanjay Mishra in the Netflix film, it comes undone due to lazy, formulaic writing." Rahul Desai of The Hollywood Reporter India feels that it has
Kartavya_(2026_film)
Languages associated with scientific research
that "scientific Russian" was easier to translate, since it was more formulaic and less grammatically diverse than everyday Russian. Machine translation
Languages_of_science
Language disorder involving inability to produce language
" or "I am fine." This type of phrases falls into the category of formulaic language and is known to be supported by neural networks of the intact right
Expressive_aphasia
Historical fantasy drama television show
represent both ancient languages, respectively,[citation needed] particularly in rituals and other scenes with formulaic language. In March 2018, it was
Britannia_(TV_series)
Inability to comprehend or formulate language
affects visual language such as sign language. In contrast, the use of formulaic expressions in everyday communication is often preserved. For example
Aphasia
2026 Australian American film
it as a fun, old-school, throwback action movie despite its familiar, formulaic storyline. A sequel is in development. In Afghanistan, an unnamed Staff
War_Machine_(2026_film)
Bantu language
mto (macho)." "Two nuts cross a river (eyes)." Steere also includes the formulaic announcement of a riddle: "Kitendawili! — Tega." "An enigma! — Set your
Swahili
Indian actress and model
character of Trisha, an acting debut that the New Indian Express found "formulaic". She appeared in two films in 2025: Laila (Telugu film), in the role
Akanksha_Sharma
Kra–Dai language
Ayutthaya Rajasap reveals that three languages, Thai, Khmer and Khmero-Indic were at work closely both in formulaic expressions and in normal discourse
Thai_language
Language of ancient Minoans written in Cretan hieroglyphs and Linear A syllabary
basic word order of the language written in Linear A may be verb-subject-object (VSO), based on the properties of a common formulaic sequence found in Linear
Minoan_language
2026 film by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller
crucially, everything to do with the onboard alien is far too cute and formulaic". Attributed to multiple references: Attributed to multiple references:
Project_Hail_Mary_(film)
Historical category of northern European peoples
peculiarities. Common elements include an emphasis on orality, gesture, formulaic language, legal symbolism, and ritual. Some items in the "Leges", such as the
Germanic_peoples
1946 essay by George Orwell
literature which, under a future totalitarian society, he predicted would be formulaic and low-grade sensationalism. Around the same time, Orwell wrote an unsigned
Politics and the English Language
Politics_and_the_English_Language
2025 Indian film by Anurag Kashyap
fiercely acted. In an era increasingly dominated by safe storytelling and formulaic entertainment, director Anurag Kashyap deserves enormous credit for making
Bandar_(film)
applications: e.g., Alonzo Church was able to express the lambda calculus in a formulaic way, and the Turing machine was an abstraction of the operation of a tape-marking
History of programming languages
History_of_programming_languages
2026 film by Nathan Greno
ravishing" and "touching" woodland fairy tale that overcomes its simple, formulaic narrative with "surprise enchantment." Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter
Swapped
Speech act catering to positive face needs
Bayraktaraglu and Maria Sifianou described compliments in Turkish as formulaic and occurring mostly in friendly situations. Age and marital status seems
Complimentary language and gender
Complimentary_language_and_gender
Country in South Asia
at the Elephanta Caves. Across the north, this became rather stiff and formulaic after c. 800 CE, though rich with finely carved detail in the surrounds
India
languages of the Roman Empire, but other languages were regionally important. Latin was the original language of the Romans and remained the language
Languages_of_the_Roman_Empire
German-language chronicle about Livonia
(2021-02-08). "The «Livonian Rhymed Chronicle» as a Transitional Text: Formulaic Language in Middle High German Verse History". RILCE: Revista de Filología
Livonian_Rhymed_Chronicle
Changing between languages during a conversation
as an Embedded Language island. The more formulaic in structure a constituent is, the more likely it is to appear as an Embedded Language island. Stated
Code-switching
they contain hyperbole, formulaic language, and literary expressions for rhetorical effect — like when sports teams use the language of “totally slaughtering”
The_Bible_and_violence
Chinese idioms
Chinese conversation and education. Chengyu are one of four types of formulaic expressions (熟语; 熟語; shúyǔ), which also include collocations (惯用语; 慣用語;
Chengyu
Hungarian-born British linguist (1960–2022)
target language. Language learners should be given the framework to practice forms and skills of the target language. 3. Formulaic Language Principle:
Zoltán_Dörnyei
Annual international song competition
staples of the contest, leading to allegations that the event has become formulaic. Other traits in competing entries which have regularly been mocked by
Eurovision_Song_Contest
Indian philosopher, Founder of Mahanubhava Sector in Vaishnavism/ Hinduism
their own language. The Lilacharitra confirms that he also spoke fluent Sanskrit along with Gujarati and Marathi. He used formulaic language full of meaning
Chakradhar_Swami
pre-literate world. Some scholars see the tradition of stylized, formulaic language as the verbal tradition from which Latin literature develops, with
Glossary of ancient Roman religion
Glossary_of_ancient_Roman_religion
Culture preserved through speech or song
Foley cites "The Literary Character of Anglo-Saxon Formulaic Poetry" Publications of the Modern Language Association 81 (1966):, 334-41 George E. Dimock
Oral_tradition
Heroic literary traditions of the Germanic-speaking peoples
Bernerton. In heroic poetry, the use of poetic epithets, compounds, and formulaic language is frequent. The openings of poems such as the Hildebrandslied, Beowulf
Germanic_heroic_legend
Persistent representation of language
in natural language processing and natural language generation resulted in software capable of producing certain forms of highly formulaic writing (e
Writing
Archived from the original on 7 October 2006. In bilingual inscriptions the formulaic passages stating origin myths, genealogies, titles of kings and benedictions
Linguistic_history_of_India
Formulaic and constitutional phrase
By the Grace of God (Latin: Dei Gratia, abbreviated D.G.) is a formulaic phrase used especially in Christian monarchies as an introductory part of the
By_the_Grace_of_God
2008 film by Anne Fletcher
from critics, with praise for Heigl's performance and criticism of its formulaic plot. It was a commercial success, grossing $162.7 million worldwide against
27_Dresses
Theory of second-language acquisition
Consciousness in second language learning". AILA Review. 11: 5–10. Szcześniak, Konrad (2024-08-01). "The noticing hypothesis and formulaic language. Learnability
Noticing_hypothesis
Eisteddfod poetry, which they perceived had become formulaic and stilted. The vitality of the Welsh-language press meant the 19th century was a golden era
Welsh-language_literature
American applied linguist
broadened to all aspects of lexical study, including vocabulary testing, formulaic language, corpus-based research, and the interface between vocabulary knowledge
Norbert_Schmitt
2023 Indian film by Anil Ravipudi
Jahnavi of The News Minute gave a rating of 1.5/5 and wrote "But even as a formulaic film hinging on the heroism of the male star, the formula itself is confusing
Bhagavanth_Kesari
2026 Indian film
"Anil Kapoor’s soulful performance can't save Subedaar, a gritty yet formulaic drama about a veteran fighting a sand mafia. It relies on dated tropes
Subedaar_(film)
Krishnaite Vaishnava denomination
He discoursed his philosophy to the people in their own language. He used formulaic language full of meaning in a compact style. He exhorted his disciples
Mahanubhava
Middle English ballad
literature, are sometimes regarded as "sub-literary material", containing formulaic language and a "thin texture", especially "when they are read on the printed
A_Gest_of_Robyn_Hode
Oldest attested stage of Chinese
known of the grammar of the language of the Oracular and pre-Classical periods, as the texts are often of a ritual or formulaic nature, and much of their
Old_Chinese
2026 Indian film by Harish Shankar
days.] "Ustaad Bhagat Singh review: Pawan Kalyan film falls flat with formulaic plot". Deccan Herald. Prakash, B. V. S. (19 March 2026). "Ustaad Bhagat
Ustaad_Bhagat_Singh
2009 Disney Studios film
Bullock and Reynolds but criticized its screenplay and what was seen as a formulaic plot structure. It was a box office success, grossing over $317 million
The_Proposal_(2009_film)
2002 Indian film by Kundan Shah
Zinta's "star-quality playing" is the main reason to watch an otherwise formulaic picture. He further noted its "respectable" production values and praised
Dil_Hai_Tumhaara
2018 Indian film
criticism of the screenplay, lag in second half, its farfetchedness and its formulaic story. Krishna and Arjun Jayaprakash are lookalikes hailing from Akkurthi
Krishnarjuna_Yudham
Form of law followed by the early Germanic peoples
contrasted with Roman law. These include emphases on orality, gesture, formulaic language, legal symbolism, and ritual. Some items in the Leges barbarorum (laws
Germanic_law
Indian historical drama film by Sudha Kongara
struggles to leave an impact with its acute focus on a broader appeal, formulaic storytelling, apologetic tone, and cautious approach." Srinivasa Ramanujam
Parasakthi_(2026_film)
Group of four extinct languages and possibly three modern languages
commemorative texts and other official records are less frequent. Despite their formulaic character, dedicatory and building inscriptions can contain long historical
Ancient_South_Arabian
Indian drama television series
tropes without significant innovation, framing it as a sentimental but formulaic return. NDTV highlighted that while Smriti Irani's performance brought
Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi 2
Kyunki_Saas_Bhi_Kabhi_Bahu_Thi_2
Tribal confederation living in Morocco
performance is aided by recourse to cognitive frames, scripts and formulaic language. Music and dancing are also very important in Jbala culture. The Jebala
Jebala_people
American singer and actor (1935–1977)
had by now pushed Presley into a heavy filmmaking schedule, focused on formulaic, modestly budgeted musical comedies. Presley initially insisted on pursuing
Elvis_Presley
2025 film by Scott Cooper
and Strong's performances receiving praise, but was criticized for its formulaic plot, and was a box-office bomb, grossing only $45 million on a $55 million
Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere
Springsteen:_Deliver_Me_from_Nowhere
2026 South Korean television series
countryside visuals, and overall enjoyability, but noted that the show is very formulaic, has slow pacing in several parts, and "has nothing new to offer" in the
Sold_Out_on_You
2025 Indian film by Rahul Ravindran
stars and wrote, "Certain choices of the writer-director are tidy and formulaic, but they nevertheless support a story that pivots from the ordinary,
The_Girlfriend_(2025_film)
2025 Indian film by A. R. Murugadoss
2025). "Madharaasi movie review: This Sivakarthikeyan starrer is too formulaic and old fashioned for its own good". The Indian Express. Retrieved 5 September
Madharaasi
Largest city in Tuscany, Italy
larger emphasis on naturalism and human emotion. Medieval art was often formulaic and symbolic; the surviving works are mostly religious, their subjects
Florence
2017 film by Martin Campbell
and against type performances of Chan and Brosnan, but criticized its formulaic plot. The film grossed $145 million at the worldwide box office and was
The_Foreigner_(2017_film)
2024 Indian film
with a relentless dose of action and thrill but not much logic. It’s a formulaic actioner that is entertaining in parts if you prefer adrenaline over intricate
Ruslaan
2004 film by David S. Goyer
$65 million and received mostly negative reviews from critics for its formulaic themes, directing, and acting; it is the worst-reviewed film in the trilogy
Blade:_Trinity
2024 American crime drama television series
not break new ground in the genre, it remains a perfectly adequate and formulaic watch. Tinubu appreciated the supporting cast, especially the chemistry
High_Potential
Children's book series by Stan and Jan Berenstain
the series has been criticized for its perceived saccharine tone and formulaic storytelling. Stanley Berenstain and Janice Grant met in 1941, on their
Berenstain_Bears
2025 Indian film by Milap Zaveri
India gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and said that "A visually pleasing but formulaic romantic drama lifted by Harshvardhan Rane and Sonam Bajwa’s performances
Ek_Deewane_Ki_Deewaniyat
2025 Indian film by Sujeeth
familiar tropes such as the wife’s murder and the daughter’s kidnapping feel formulaic. [...] The film has its shortcomings in emotional depth and narrative
They_Call_Him_OG
2026 film by Tom Harper
Loughrey gave the film 3 out of 5 stars, describing it as a stylish but formulaic continuation, praising the performances of Cillian Murphy and Barry Keoghan
Peaky Blinders: The Immortal Man
Peaky_Blinders:_The_Immortal_Man
Medieval coin of the Indian subcontinent
a lance with a waving pennon. The legend above the bull features formulaic language such as Śrī Spalapati Deva (Radiant Spalapati the God) and, later
Jital
Subgenre of science fiction
opera music, but instead originally referred to the melodrama, scope, and formulaic stories of operas, much as used in "soap opera", a melodramatic domestic
Space_opera
Indian Hindi-language action thriller film
Retrieved 18 July 2025. Roy, Dhaval (18 May 2025). "Romeo S3 Movie Review: A formulaic masala fare that lacks focus". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 July 2025
Romeo_S3
2024 Indian film by Aditya Sarpotdar
and wrote "Munjya has redeeming qualities but the irritating monster, formulaic tropes and the outrageous climax make it the horror show that it doesn't
Munjya_(film)
2008 film by Ridley Scott
style, as well as the performances of its two leads, but criticized his formulaic handling of the story and use of conventions from the spy genre, such
Body_of_Lies_(film)
Plots during Ancient Egypt to put the reigning monarch to death
of involvement. Although the texts are couched in euphemistic and formulaic language—reflecting the gravity and taboo nature of regicide—they nevertheless
Conspiracies_in_ancient_Egypt
2025 studio album by Benson Boone
and the album's overall sound, while other felt that it was rushed and formulaic. Commercially, American Heart topped the charts in Australia and New Zealand
American Heart (Benson Boone album)
American_Heart_(Benson_Boone_album)
2021 film by Robert Lorenz
critics, who praised Neeson's performance but criticized the film as being formulaic. Former US Marine Corps Scout Sniper and Vietnam War veteran Jim Hanson
The_Marksman_(2021_film)
Ancient Greek poet
Lord, after they studied folk bards in the Balkans, developed the "Oral-Formulaic Theory" that the Homeric poems were originally composed through improvised
Homer
2016 American film
million, but was panned by critics, who described the film as "painfully formulaic", and criticized the pacing, characters and screenplay. Travis Shaw is
The_Choice_(2016_film)
Ethnic group from the Isle of Man
formal purposes. The English language is used in Tynwald (Tinvaal); the use of Manx there is restricted to a few formulaic phrases. However, some Manx
Manx_people
com. Retrieved 23 May 2021. "'India vs England' review: Nagathihalli's formulaic romantic thriller fails to impress". The News Minute. 24 January 2020
Anant_Nag_filmography
Austronesian language spoken in Maluku, Indonesia
said and how long it takes to be said". In particular lirmarna features formulaic pairs of clauses which are syntactically identical, each pair of corresponding
Leti_language
2008 American film
senses a rapport and chemistry between the women that transcends the formulaic plot. Stephen Farber of The Hollywood Reporter observed: Although this
The_Family_That_Preys
2026 single by Lelek
vocal harmonies. Although they noted the song's structure was "somewhat formulaic", they remarked that the conviction of the song delivery made it feel
Andromeda_(Lelek_song)
Canadian singer (born 1968)
Times and Natalie Nichols of the Los Angeles Times writing the album was "formulaic", other critics, such as Chuck Eddy of Entertainment Weekly, Stephen Thomas
Celine_Dion
Literature written in the English language
ISBN 0-582-04047-7. Drabble 1996, p. 369. Magoun, Francis P jr (1953), "The Oral-Formulaic Character of Anglo-Saxon Narrative Poetry", Speculum, 28 (3): 446–67,
English_literature
1998 film by Paul Anderson
calling Russell's performance "persuasive" and saying "this appealing formulaic action adventure displays a lot of conviction in its not-too-flashy action
Soldier_(1998_American_film)
Kru language of Liberia
natural overlap between these areas, since many of the drum signals are formulaic in nature and are based on elements of the oral literature. This may also
Jabo_language
FORMULAIC LANGUAGE
FORMULAIC LANGUAGE
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : patronymic from the personal name John. As an American family name, Johnson has absorbed patronymics and many other derivatives of this name in continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)Johnson is the second most frequent surname in the U.S. It was brought independently to North America by many different bearers from the 17th and 18th centuries onward.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the female personal name Elizabeth. Compare Hibbs 2.English : nickname for someone with very fair hair or skin, from Middle English, Old English lilie ‘lily’ (Latin lilium). The Italian equivalent Giglio was used as a personal name in the Middle Ages. In English and other languages there has also been some confusion with forms of Giles.English : habitational name from places called Lilley, in Hertfordshire and Berkshire. The Hertfordshire place was named in Old English as ‘flax-glade’, from līn ‘flax’ + lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The Berkshire name is from Old English Lillinglēah ‘wood associated with Lilla’, an Old English personal name.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from a Germanic personal name composed of
the elements haim, heim ‘home’ + rīc ‘power’,
‘ruler’, introduced to England by the Normans in the form
Henri. During the Middle Ages this name became enormously
popular in England and was borne by eight kings. Continental forms of
the personal name were equally popular throughout Europe (German
Heinrich, French Henri, Italian Enrico and
Arrigo, Czech Jindřich, etc.). As an American family
name, the English form Henry has absorbed patronymics and many
other derivatives of this ancient name in continental European
languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.) In the period in
which the majority of English surnames were formed, a common English
vernacular form of the name was Harry, hence the surnames
Harris (southern) and Harrison (northern). Official
documents of the period normally used the Latinized form
Henricus. In medieval times, English Henry absorbed an
originally distinct Old English personal name that had hagan
‘hawthorn’. Compare Hain 2 as its first element, and there has
also been confusion with Amery.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hInnéirghe ‘descendant of
Innéirghe’, a byname based on éirghe
‘arising’.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac ÉinrÃ
or Mac Einri, patronymics from the personal names
ÉinrÃ, Einri, Irish forms of Henry. It is
also found as a variant of McEnery.Jewish (American) : Americanized form of various like-sounding Ashkenazic Jewish names.A bearer of the name from the Touraine region of France is
documented in Quebec city in 1667. Another (also called
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Jacob. As an American surname this name has absorbed cognates from other languages, for example Danish, Norwegian, and Dutch Jacobsen and Swedish Jacobsson.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
King of Enchanting Formulas
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German : from a short form of the personal name Matthias (see Matthew) or any of its many cognates, for example Norman French Maheu.English, French, Dutch, and German : from a nickname or personal name taken from the month of May (Middle English, Old French mai, Middle High German meie, from Latin Maius (mensis), from Maia, a minor Roman goddess of fertility). This name was sometimes bestowed on someone born or baptized in the month of May; it was also used to refer to someone of a sunny disposition, or who had some anecdotal connection with the month of May, such as owing a feudal obligation then.English : nickname from Middle English may ‘young man or woman’.Irish (Connacht and Midlands) : when not of English origin (see 1–3 above), this is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Miadhaigh ‘descendant of Miadhach’, a personal name or byname meaning ‘honorable’, ‘proud’.French : habitational name from any of various places called May or Le May.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Mayen, a place in western Germany.Americanized spelling of cognates of 1 in various European languages, for example Swedish Ma(i)j.Chinese : possibly a variant of Mei 1, although this spelling occurs more often for the given name than for the surname.Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, is named after the Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the male personal name Manasseh, Hebrew Menashe ‘one who causes to forget’ (see Manasse), borne in the Middle Ages by Christians as well as by Jews. Hebrew Menashe and its reflexes in other Jewish languages have always been popular among Jews.English : occupational name for someone who made handles for agricultural and domestic implements, from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French mance ‘handle’ (Old French manche, Late Latin manicus, a derivative of manus ‘hand’).
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and northern Irish
English, Scottish, and northern Irish : patronymic from Jack 1. As an American surname this has absorbed other patronymics beginning with J- in various European languages.This extremely common British name was brought over by numerous different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. One forebear was the father and namesake of the seventh U.S. president, Andrew Jackson, who migrated to SC from Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland in 1765. The Confederate General Thomas ‘Stonewall’ Jackson came from VA, where his great-grandfather John, likewise of Scotch–Irish stock, had settled after emigrating to America in 1748.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás)
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás) : from a medieval personal name, which comes from the Hebrew male personal name Yona, meaning ‘dove’. In the book of the Bible which bears his name, Jonah was appointed by God to preach repentance to the city of Nineveh, but tried to flee instead to Tarshish. On the voyage to Tarshish, a great storm blew up, and Jonah was thrown overboard by his shipmates to appease God’s wrath, swallowed by a great fish, and delivered by it on the shores of Nineveh. This story exercised a powerful hold on the popular imagination in medieval Europe, and the personal name was a relatively common choice. The Hebrew name and its reflexes in other languages (for example Yiddish Yoyne) have been popular Jewish personal names for generations. There are also saints, martyrs, and bishops called Jonas venerated in the Orthodox Church. Ionas is found as a Greek family name.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : respelling of Yonis, with Yiddish possessive -s.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English : habitational name from Ludwick Hall in Bishops Hatfield, Hertfordshire, probably named from the Old English personal name Luda + Old English wÄ«c ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc.
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc. : from the Latin personal name Lucas (Greek Loukas) ‘man from Lucania’. Lucania is a region of southern Italy thought to have been named in ancient times with a word meaning ‘bright’ or ‘shining’. Compare Lucio. The Christian name owed its enormous popularity throughout Europe in the Middle Ages to St. Luke the Evangelist, hence the development of this surname and many vernacular derivatives in most of the languages of Europe. Compare Luke. This is also found as an Americanized form of Greek Loukas.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Lùcais (see McLucas).As a French name Lucas has been recorded in Canada since 1653, taken to Trois Rivières, Quebec, by one Lucas-Lépine from Normandy.
Surname or Lastname
English, Welsh, German, etc.
English, Welsh, German, etc. : ultimately from the Hebrew personal name yÅÌ£hÄnÄn ‘Jehovah has favored (me with a son)’ or ‘may Jehovah favor (this child)’. This personal name was adopted into Latin (via Greek) as Johannes, and has enjoyed enormous popularity in Europe throughout the Christian era, being given in honor of St. John the Baptist, precursor of Christ, and of St. John the Evangelist, author of the fourth gospel, as well as others of the nearly one thousand other Christian saints of the name. Some of the principal forms of the personal name in other European languages are Welsh Ieuan, Evan, Siôn, and Ioan; Scottish Ia(i)n; Irish Séan; German Johann, Johannes, Hans; Dutch Jan; French Jean; Italian Giovanni, Gianni, Ianni; Spanish Juan; Portuguese João; Greek IÅannÄ“s (vernacular Yannis); Czech Jan; Russian Ivan. Polish has surnames both from the western Slavic form Jan and from the eastern Slavic form Iwan. There were a number of different forms of the name in Middle English, including Jan(e), a male name (see Jane); Jen (see Jenkin); Jon(e) (see Jones); and Han(n) (see Hann). There were also various Middle English feminine versions of this name (e.g. Joan, Jehan), and some of these were indistinguishable from masculine forms. The distinction on grounds of gender between John and Joan was not firmly established in English until the 17th century. It was even later that Jean and Jane were specialized as specifically feminine names in English; bearers of these surnames and their derivatives are more likely to derive them from a male ancestor than a female. As a surname in the British Isles, John is particularly frequent in Wales, where it is a late formation representing Welsh Siôn rather than the older form Ieuan (which gave rise to the surname Evan). As an American family name this form has absorbed various cognates from continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)
Surname or Lastname
English and French (Léonard)
English and French (Léonard) : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements leo ‘lion’ (a late addition to the vocabulary of Germanic name elements, taken from Latin) + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’, which was taken to England by the Normans. A saint of this name, who is supposed to have lived in the 6th century, but about whom nothing is known except for a largely fictional life dating from half a millennium later, was popular throughout Europe in the early Middle Ages and was regarded as the patron of peasants and horses.Irish (Fermanagh) : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Mac Giolla Fhionáin or of Langan.Americanized form of Italian Leonardo or cognate forms in other European languages.The French Léonard family were at Château Richer, Quebec, by 1698, having come from Maine, France.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a Latinist, a clerk who wrote documents in Latin, from Anglo-Norman French latinier, latim(m)ier. Latin was more or less the universal language of official documents in the Middle Ages, displaced only gradually by the vernacular—in England, by Anglo-Norman French at first, and eventually by English.
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Jon(e) (see John). The surname is especially common in Wales and southern central England. In North America this name has absorbed various cognate and like-sounding surnames from other languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from Latin Marcus, the personal name of St. Mark the Evangelist, author of the second Gospel. The name was borne also by a number of other early Christian saints. Marcus was an old Roman name, of uncertain (possibly non-Italic) etymology; it may have some connection with the name of the war god Mars. Compare Martin. The personal name was not as popular in England in the Middle Ages as it was on the Continent, especially in Italy, where the evangelist became the patron of Venice and the Venetian Republic, and was allegedly buried at Aquileia. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognate and similar names from other European languages, including Greek Markos and Slavic Marek.English, German, and Dutch (van der Mark) : topographic name for someone who lived on a boundary between two districts, from Middle English merke, Middle High German marc, Middle Dutch marke, merke, all meaning ‘borderland’. The German term also denotes an area of fenced-off land (see Marker 5) and, like the English word, is embodied in various place names which have given rise to habitational names.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Marck, Pas-de-Calais.German : from Marko, a short form of any of the Germanic compound personal names formed with mark ‘borderland’ as the first element, for example Markwardt.Americanization or shortened form of any of several like-sounding Jewish or Slavic surnames (see for example Markow, Markowitz, Markovich).Irish (northeastern Ulster) : probably a short form of Markey (when not of English origin).
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from the vernacular form of the Hebrew personal name Yehuda ‘Judah’ (of unknown meaning). In the Bible, this is the name of Jacob’s eldest son. It was not a popular name among Christians in medieval Europe, because of the associations it had with Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ for thirty pieces of silver. Among Jews, however, the Hebrew name and its reflexes in various Jewish languages (such as Yiddish Yude) have been popular for generations, and have given rise to many Jewish surnames.French : name for a Jew, Old French jude (Latin Iudaeus, Greek Ioudaios, from Hebrew Yehudi ‘member of the tribe of Judah’).English : from a pet form of Jordan.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Matthew. In North America, this form has assimilated numerous vernacular derivatives in other languages of Latin Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : used as an Americanized form of McMahon.
FORMULAIC LANGUAGE
FORMULAIC LANGUAGE
Girl/Female
Muslim
Protection, Patronage, Care
Girl/Female
Hebrew
God's favor.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
English American Greek Japanese
Abbreviation of Nicole, meaning victory.
Male
Greek
(Φοίβος) Greek name PHOIBOS means "shining one." In mythology, this is a byname for the sun and for the god Apollo.
Boy/Male
Hindu
The rising, To rise
Boy/Male
Muslim
A young Man
Boy/Male
Norse Swedish
Warrior from the gods.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Noble; Virtuous
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sindhi
Main
FORMULAIC LANGUAGE
FORMULAIC LANGUAGE
FORMULAIC LANGUAGE
FORMULAIC LANGUAGE
FORMULAIC LANGUAGE
pl.
of Formula
a.
Stated; prescribed; ritual.
v. t.
To reduce to a formula; to formulate.
v. t.
To reduce to a forula; to formulate.
n.
A formula of words used as above.
imp. & p. p.
of Formulate
n.
Prescribed form or model; formula.
n.
A book containing stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths, declarations, prayers, medical formulaae, etc.; a book of precedents.
pl.
of Formulary
pl.
of Formula
n.
A prescription or recipe for the preparation of a medicinal compound.
n.
A prescribed or set form; an established rule; a fixed or conventional method in which anything is to be done, arranged, or said.
n.
A symbolic expression (by means of letters, figures, etc.) of the constituents or constitution of a compound.
v. t.
To reduce to, or express in, a formula; to put in a clear and definite form of statement or expression.
n.
A rule or principle expressed in algebraic language; as, the binominal formula.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Formulate
a.
Expressing the type, structure, relations, and reactions of a compound; graphic; -- said of formulae. See under Formula.
n.
A written confession of faith; a formal statement of foctrines.
v. t.
To formulate into a theorem.
n.
A formulary of execrations.