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Type of astronomical bodies
In astronomy, the fixed stars (Latin: stellae fixae) are the lights (luminary points), mainly stars visible to the naked eye, that appear not to move
Fixed_stars
964 astronomical text by Abd-al-Rahman Al Sufi
The Book of Fixed Stars (Arabic: كتاب صور الكواكب kitāb suwar al-kawākib, literally The Book of the Shapes of Stars) is an astronomical text written by
The_Book_of_Fixed_Stars
Application in medieval astrology
The Behenian fixed stars are a selection of fifteen stars considered especially useful for magical applications in the medieval astrology of Europe and
Behenian_fixed_star
Persian astronomer (903–986)
a Persian astronomer. His work, Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib ("The Book of Fixed Stars"), completed in 964, included both textual descriptions and illustrations
Abd_al-Rahman_al-Sufi
astrological nomenclature, the stars were divided into fixed stars, Latin stellæ fixæ, which in astrology means the stars and other galactic or intergalactic
Stars_in_astrology
Third part of Dante's Divine Comedy
consisting of the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the Fixed Stars, the Primum Mobile and finally, the Empyrean. It was written in the early
Paradiso
Irish band
the band had to change its name to Fixed Stars and signed on with Mercury. They released several singles as Fixed Stars, but broke up in 2000, having been
Pony_Club_(band)
Work by Copernicus
referatur ("Equal motion should be measured not by the equinoxes but by the fixed stars"), De Luna ("The Moon"), De tribus superioribus: Saturno, Jove et Marte
Commentariolus
Star charts arranged on a globe
the Islamic development of the celestial globe. His book, The Book of Fixed Stars, designed for accuracy for the year 964, was a "description of the constellations
Celestial_globe
Elements of some cosmological models
and others. In these celestial models, the apparent motions of the fixed stars and planets are accounted for by treating them as embedded in rotating
Celestial_spheres
Rotation of Earth around its axis
theory rather than observation. He established the idea of a sphere of fixed stars that rotated about Earth. This was accepted by most of those who came
Earth's_rotation
Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
Of Fixed Stars". World Digital Library.[dead link] Al-Sufi. "Book Of Fixed Stars". World Digital Library.[dead link] Al-Sufi. "Book Of Fixed Stars". World
Lupus_(constellation)
1632 book by Galileo Galilei
how much variation is needed in the fixed stars? Simplicio objects to conceding that the distance of the fixed stars is too great for it to be detectable
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
Dialogue_Concerning_the_Two_Chief_World_Systems
Timekeeping system on Earth relative to the celestial sphere
scale that is based on Earth's rate of rotation measured relative to the fixed stars". A sidereal day (also known as the sidereal rotation period) represents
Sidereal_time
Time period in ancient historical and astrological theories of time
of the fixed sphere of stars as discovered by Hipparchus. One school believed that at 1 degree shift per 100 years, the sphere of fixed stars would return
Astrological_age
Earth in size and distance has the ratio of a point to the sphere of the fixed stars" The Earth is immobile The first book of the Almagest included a chapter
Ancient_Greek_astronomy
Time taken by the Earth to orbit the Sun once with respect to the fixed stars
another planetary body takes to orbit the Sun once with respect to the fixed stars. Thus, a sidereal year is the interval required for Earth to travel once
Sidereal_year
Large self-illuminated object in space
stars are visible to the naked eye at night; their immense distances from Earth make them appear as fixed points of light. The most prominent stars have
Star
Hypothetical planet on the other side of the Sun from Earth
Planets' movement was slower still, and the outermost "sky" (i.e. stars) probably fixed. Along with the Central Fire, the "mysterious" Counter-Earth (Antichthon)
Counter-Earth
Change of rotational axis in an astronomical body
because the equinoxes moved westward along the ecliptic relative to the fixed stars, opposite to the yearly motion of the Sun along the ecliptic. Historically
Axial_precession
Planets visible to the naked eye
sky and its backdrop of fixed stars (the common stars which seem still in contrast to the planets), appearing as wandering stars. Visible to humans on Earth
Classical_planet
Multiple proofs regarding Earth's approximately spherical shape
observation of the sky from a certain altitude; observation of certain fixed stars from different locations; observing the Sun; surface navigation; grid
Empirical evidence for the spherical shape of Earth
Empirical_evidence_for_the_spherical_shape_of_Earth
Fundamental concept of classical mechanics
one approximated by the fixed stars. However, this is not required for the definition, and it is now known that those stars are in fact moving, relative
Inertial_frame_of_reference
Conceptual tool in astronomy
according to Aristotle). Aristotle deemed the Sun, Moon, planets and the fixed stars to be perfectly concentric spheres in a superlunary region above the
Celestial_sphere
distant fixed stars of its own celestial sphere (rather than to its primary star, e.g. the Sun), measured as the time it takes for the fixed stars, as viewed
Glossary_of_astronomy
Southern half of the celestial sphere
of the celestial equator. This arbitrary sphere, on which seemingly fixed stars form constellations, appears to rotate westward around a polar axis as
Southern_celestial_hemisphere
Planets as known in classical Greece and Rome
representing the seven heavenly bodies that moved against the fixed background of stars. This concept survives in astrology, which was not clearly differentiated
Planetae
Astronomical treatise by Claudius Ptolemy
cover the motions of the fixed stars, including precession of the equinoxes. They also contain a star catalogue of 1022 stars, described by their positions
Almagest
Outermost moving sphere in the geocentric model of the universe
spherical Earth on invisible orbs, while an eighth sphere contained the fixed stars. Motion was provided to the whole system by the Primum Mobile, itself
Primum_Mobile
Interpretations of the planets of the Solar System
two similar components: fixed stars, which remained motionless in relation to each other, and moving objects/"wandering stars" (Ancient Greek: ἀστέρες
Planets_in_astrology
Persian definition in astronomy
and identified these stars as key markers of the zodiacal constellations. This knowledge allowed them to distinguish fixed stars from wandering planets
Royal_stars
Astronomical equivalent of longitude
Right ascension for "fixed stars" on the equator increases by about 3.1 seconds per year or 5.1 minutes per century, but for fixed stars away from the equator
Right_ascension
Area of the sky divided into twelve signs
Northern Hemisphere (March equinox), Babylonian astronomers fixed the zodiac in relation to stars, placing the beginning of Cancer at the "Rear Twin Star"
Zodiac
Length of time
phenomenon by comparing the position of the vernal equinox against the fixed stars, noting that it shifts westward by about one degree every 72 years. This
Great_Year
Timurid sultan, astronomer and mathematician (1394–1449)
redetermine the positions of 992 fixed stars, to which he added 27 stars from Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi's catalogue Book of Fixed Stars from the year 964, which were
Ulugh_Beg
Heliostatic model of solar system by Nicolaus Copernicus
greater than the 'universe' just mentioned. His hypotheses are that the fixed stars and the Sun remain unmoved, that the Earth revolves about the Sun on
Copernican_heliocentrism
American chef, entrepreneur and writer
Beard Award for food writing in 2015. She has also written a memoir, The Fixed Stars, which won a Stonewall Book Award in 2021, and her previous recipe book/memoir
Molly_Wizenberg
Greek astronomer and mathematician (c. 310 – 230 BC)
to the distance of the fixed stars as the centre of the sphere bears to its surface. Aristarchus proposed that the fixed stars were extremely distant
Aristarchus_of_Samos
in-to-outwards: Moon, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and finally the fixed stars located on the celestial sphere. In Plato's complex cosmogony, the demiurge
Timeline of cosmological theories
Timeline_of_cosmological_theories
Italian physicist and astronomer (1564–1642)
positions of these "stars" relative to Jupiter were changing in a way that would have been inexplicable if they had really been fixed stars. On 10 January
Galileo_Galilei
Postulated primary cause of all activity in the universe
were anywhere, were said to fill the outer void beyond the sphere of fixed stars: It is clear then that there is neither place, nor void, nor time, outside
Unmoved_mover
Sun-centered astronomical model
of the fixed stars as the centre of the sphere bears to its surface. — The Sand Reckoner (Arenarius I, 4–7) Aristarchus presumably took the stars to be
Heliocentrism
The Moon's circuit around Earth
and completes one revolution relative to the Vernal Equinox and the fixed stars in about 27.3 days (a tropical month and a sidereal month), and one revolution
Orbit_of_the_Moon
Period of time for the ecliptic longitude of the Sun to increase 360°
complete one full orbit around the Sun as measured with respect to the fixed stars, resulting in a duration of 20 minutes and 24.7 seconds longer than the
Tropical_year
Ancient Greek analogue astronomical computer
Wright's proposal: three gears, one fixed in the centre of the b1 gear and attached to the Sun spindle, the second fixed on one of the spokes (in their proposal
Antikythera_mechanism
Astronomy written in Hebrew or by Hebrew speakers
suggest that the signs of the zodiac, or Mazzaroth, and the names of the stars associated with them originally were created as a mnemonic device by these
Hebrew_astronomy
Relative directions of orbit or rotation
rotation is determined by an inertial frame of reference, such as distant fixed stars. In the Solar System, the orbits around the Sun of all planets and dwarf
Retrograde and prograde motion
Retrograde_and_prograde_motion
Forms of astrology
observable sky and thus account for the apparent backwards movement of fixed stars of about 1 degree every 72 years from the perspective of the Earth due
Sidereal and tropical astrology
Sidereal_and_tropical_astrology
Work by Archimedes
In Archimedes's own words: His [Aristarchus'] hypotheses are that the fixed stars and the Sun remain unmoved, that the Earth revolves about the Sun on
The_Sand_Reckoner
Gnostic cosmology of eight heavens
seven planetary spheres with an eighth above them, the sphere of the fixed stars. In the system of Valentinus, the seven heavens, and even the region
Ogdoad_(Gnosticism)
Divisions of heaven in esoteric cosmology
with deities or celestial bodies (such as the classical planets and fixed stars). Variants of the seven heavens tradition existed. Ancient Near Eastern
Seven_heavens
Star naming system
(except A) for "fixed stars", he did use them to label other items shown on his charts, such as neighboring constellations, "temporary stars", miscellaneous
Bayer_designation
English astronomer, mathematician and physicist (1656–1742)
terrestrial magnetism. In 1718, he discovered the proper motion of the "fixed stars". Halley was born in Haggerston in Middlesex. His father, Edmond Halley
Edmond_Halley
part of the celestial sphere of the sun (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the fixed stars, and the "Great Sphere" (al-falak al-aʿẓam)), five within the sphere
Cosmology_in_the_Muslim_world
Rotation independent of any external reference
that it is relative rotation with respect to the fixed stars that matters, and rotation of the fixed stars relative to an object has the same effect as rotation
Absolute_rotation
Celestial coordinate system used to describe Solar System objects
0°–360° . Because of axial precession, the ecliptic longitude of most "fixed stars" (referred to the equinox of date) increases by about 50.3 arcseconds
Ecliptic_coordinate_system
center): Moon, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and fixed stars, with the fixed stars located on the celestial sphere. However, this did not suffice
Historical models of the Solar System
Historical_models_of_the_Solar_System
Two dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way
bright big stars, not seen in Iraq, the people of Tihama call them al-a‘bār. Later in 964 CE the astronomer Al Sufi, in his Book of Fixed Stars, mentioned
Magellanic_Clouds
and retrograde motion against the otherwise fixed stars, which gave them their nickname of "wanderer stars", πλάνητες ἀστέρες (planētes asteres) in Ancient
Discovery and exploration of the Solar System
Discovery_and_exploration_of_the_Solar_System
Barred spiral galaxy in the Local Group
Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi described the Andromeda Galaxy in his Book of Fixed Stars as a "nebulous smear" or "small cloud". This was the first historical
Andromeda_Galaxy
Mathematician and astronomer (1473–1543)
eccentricity and of the movement of the solar apogee in relation to the fixed stars, which in 1515–1519 prompted his first revisions of certain assumptions
Nicolaus_Copernicus
Legendary king
Surid had a terrifying dream of the world's end: In this dream, the "fixed stars had come down," and they "had grabbed the people and had hurled them
Surid_Ibn_Salhouk
Device to project images of stars
a set of fixed stars, Sun, Moon, and planets, and various nebulae. Larger machines also include comets and a far greater selection of stars. Additional
Planetarium_projector
Study of the universe
in Cosmology". Los Angeles: Division of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, Los Angeles. Portals: Astronomy Stars Outer space Physics
Cosmology
Calculating the Sun's location in the sky at a given time and place
over the course of a year, the Sun appears to move with respect to the fixed stars on the celestial sphere, along a circular path called the ecliptic. Earth's
Position_of_the_Sun
Location of Earth in the Universe
of those planets visible with the naked eye and an outlying sphere of fixed stars. After the acceptance of the heliocentric model in the 17th century,
Location_of_Earth
Scientific study of celestial objects
solstices with respect to the fixed stars that we now know is caused by precession. Hipparchus also created a catalog of 1020 stars, and most of the constellations
Astronomy
Segment of the Moon's orbit
divided into 27 or 28 segments relative to the vernal equinox point or the fixed stars – one for each day of the lunar month. (A sidereal month lasts about
Lunar_station
Italian 16th century astronomer and mathematician
another book bearing on the length of the solar and lunar year, the fixed stars, and calendar reform, entitled: Compendium . . . super annua solaris
Pietro_Pitati
Planetarium in Jena
The Zeiss-Planetarium is a projection planetarium; the planets and fixed stars are projected onto the inner surface of a white cupola. It is owned and
Zeiss-Planetarium_Jena
Global climate cycles
greater tilt makes the seasons more extreme. Finally, the direction in the fixed stars pointed to by the Earth's axis changes (axial precession), while the
Milankovitch_cycles
Applied astronomy of ancient India
the Earth once and return to the starting point with respect to the fixed stars. The starting point is taken to be the position of the Sun when it is
Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar
Astronomical_basis_of_the_Hindu_calendar
Mechanical structure which supports a telescope
systems that can track the motion of the fixed stars as the Earth rotates. Fixed telescope mounts are entirely fixed in one position, such as Zenith telescopes
Telescope_mount
Open clusters in the constellation Perseus
and it was shown on illustrations in Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi's Book of Fixed Stars. However, the true nature of the Double Cluster was not discovered until
Double_Cluster
Time an astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object
by a 360° revolution of one body around its primary relative to the fixed stars projected in the sky. For the case of the Earth orbiting around the Sun
Orbital_period
Universe as a complex and orderly system or entity
other planets, which Anaximander also details the order of. Next are the fixed stars, which he regarded as wheel-like condensations of air filled with fire
Cosmos
Constellation straddling the celestial equator
Orion is a prominent set of stars visible during winter in the northern celestial hemisphere. It is one of the 88 modern constellations; it was among
Orion_(constellation)
Celestial body that is "nearest unto the throne of God" in LDS theology
twelve fixed stars". Also, the Book of Abraham refers to "fixed planets", thereby including planets in the set of celestial objects that may be "fixed". It
Kolob
Body of interstellar clouds
by the Muslim Persian astronomer Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi in his Book of Fixed Stars (964). He noted "a little cloud" where the Andromeda Galaxy is located
Nebula
Free astrology software
Proserpina, and 27 different planetary moons. It can show nearly 50 fixed stars, display exoplanet transits, and animate the chart in real time synchronized
Astrolog
English natural philosopher and clergyman (1724–1793)
the Probable Parallax and Magnitude of the Fixed Stars, ibid. (1767) On the Twinkling of the Fixed Stars, ibid. (1767) Michell, John (27 November 1783)
John_Michell
Medieval astronomical work
computing the position of the Sun, Moon and planets relative to the fixed stars. The tables were named after Alfonso X of Castile, who sponsored their
Alfonsine_tables
German lawyer and uranographer
1540 star atlas, De le stelle fisse ("Of the fixed stars"), although Bayer included an additional 1,000 stars. The Uranometria introduced a new system of
Johann_Bayer
Observatory in London, England
rectifying of the tables of the motions of the heavens, and the places of the fixed stars, so as to find out the so much desired longitude of places for the perfecting
Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich
Rotation of a celestial body's orbital line of apsides
the fixed stars. Earth's polar axis, and hence the solstices and equinoxes, precess with a period of about 26,000 years in relation to the fixed stars. These
Apsidal_precession
1634 novel by Johannes Kepler
island of Levania in many scientific ways. The fixed stars are in the same position as the Earth's fixed stars. The planets appear larger from Levania than
Somnium_(novel)
Device to demonstrate Earth's rotation
relative to an Inertial frame of reference, approximated by the "fixed stars." These stars, owing to their immense distance from Earth, exhibit negligible
Foucault_pendulum
Danish astronomer (1546–1601)
that the object showed no daily parallax against the background of the fixed stars. This implied that it was at least farther away than the Moon and those
Tycho_Brahe
Greek muse of the lyre worshipped at Delph
the text, the universe was harmonically divided into three parts: the fixed stars, the planets, and then everything under the moon. Nete took care of the
Nete_(mythology)
Everything in space and time
proportion to the distance of the fixed stars as the center of the sphere bears to its surface. Aristarchus thus believed the stars to be very far away, and saw
Universe
Pseudoscientific divination based on the movements of the stars
could be affected by the stars, and (if so) whether astrology could predict events on Earth. He argued that since the fixed stars are much more distant than
Astrology
Astrological book of medieval Islam
him to redetermine the positions of 992 fixed stars, to which he added 27 stars from al-Sufi's Book of Fixed Stars (964), which were too far south for observation
Zij-i_Sultani
Ancient Egyptian astrologer
Alexandrinus (378 AD) and the anonymous author of the well-known Treatise on Fixed Stars (379 AD). Although influential on later Byzantine astrologers, his work
Hephaestion_of_Thebes
Book by John Desmond Bernal
discovered by an inquirer who has broken through the outer sphere of fixed stars. Sixteenth century." - Science in History, vol. 1, The Emergence of Science
Science_in_History
Rotation period of a body relative to the primary object it orbits, e.g. solar day
orbit, known as the ecliptic, on a spherical background of seemingly fixed stars. Each synodic day, this gradual motion is a little less than 1° eastward
Synodic_day
Ancient Greek geocentric cosmological model
motion for each celestial object. Eudoxus assigns one sphere for the fixed stars which is supposed to explain their daily movement. He assigns three spheres
Concentric_spheres
Wood engraving in a 1888 book by Camille Flammarion
stately mythological court upon this vault, above the planets and the fixed stars. Previous to the knowledge that the earth was moving in space, and that
Flammarion_engraving
Astrological chart or diagram
house cusps including the midheaven and the ascendant, zodiac signs, fixed stars and the lots. Angular relationships between the planets themselves and
Horoscope
Northern pole-star; brightest star in Ursa Minor
motionless in the sky, and all the stars of the northern sky appear to rotate around it. It thus provides a nearly fixed point from which to draw measurements
Polaris
Medieval Jewish philosopher
have surmised that the fixed stars are much further away than the planets. Whereas all other astronomers put the fixed stars on a rotating sphere just
Gersonides
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