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Early 20th-century American historical event
The first Red Scare was a period during the early 20th-century history of the United States marked by a widespread fear of far-left movements, including
First_Red_Scare
Any of several events in which widespread fear of communism or leftism develops
Red Scare is a form of moral panic provoked by fear of the rise of left-wing ideologies in a society, especially communism and socialism. Historically
Red_Scare
Topics referred to by the same term
state. Red Scare may also refer to: Red Scare (podcast), a cultural commentary podcast Red Scare Industries, a punk rock record label Red Scare (comics)
Red_Scare_(disambiguation)
American culture and comedy podcast
Red Scare is an American cultural commentary and humor podcast founded in March 2018 and hosted by Dasha Nekrasova and Anna Khachiyan. The show was initially
Red_Scare_(podcast)
to the nationwide governmental repression collectively known as the First Red Scare. The Socialist Party declined in the 1920s, but the party nonetheless
Socialism in the United States
Socialism_in_the_United_States
Mayor of New York City since 2026
whole rhetoric of good Americans vs. godless communists dominated. The Red Scare, the McCarthy hounding, the FBI investigations were all in the name of
Zohran_Mamdani
Mid-20th century U.S. government discrimination against homosexuals
anti-communist campaign which is known as McCarthyism and the Second Red Scare. Gay men and lesbians were said to be national security risks and communist
Lavender_Scare
Russian-born anarchist (1869–1940)
arrested—along with 248 others—in the so-called Palmer Raids during the First Red Scare and deported to Russia in December 1919. Initially supportive of that
Emma_Goldman
Phenomenon of US political rhetoric after WWII
laws and legislative directives, and helped bring an end to the Second Red Scare. Historians have suggested since the 1980s that as McCarthy's involvement
McCarthyism
American political commentator (born 1991)
have a critical role to play in moving young people away from both the 'red pill'—online right-wing and misogynist discourse—and the 'black pill'—online
Hasan_Piker
American politician and activist (born 1989)
Democratic Party and the Democratic Socialists of America. Ocasio-Cortez was first elected to Congress in 2018, drawing national attention after defeating
Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez
US political organization
2025 national convention. Delegates passed a resolution that established "red lines" for members and endorsed officials, threatening expulsion for providing
Democratic Socialists of America
Democratic_Socialists_of_America
anti-Bolshevik propaganda in the United States immediately during the first years of the Red Scare; the Bureau was closely linked with the Russian Embassy in Washington
American Jewish anti-Bolshevism during the Russian Revolution
American_Jewish_anti-Bolshevism_during_the_Russian_Revolution
1995 manifesto by Ted Kaczynski
March 7, 2021. Renaud, Tim (December 9, 2020). "Man charged in airport bomb scare had razor blade in his shoe, Unabomber manifesto". Count On News 2. Archived
Industrial Society and Its Future
Industrial_Society_and_Its_Future
Method of discrediting opponent's argument
having engaged in red-baiting, resulting in two historic Red Scare periods during the 1920s (First Red Scare) and 1950s (Second Red Scare). Such usage as
Red-baiting
American labor and political leader (1855–1926)
Socialist Party, 1897–1904. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2021. Volume 4, Red Union, Red Paper, Red Train, 1905–1910. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2025. "Susan B. Anthony:
Eugene_V._Debs
American socialist magazine
subscriptions tripling from 10,000 in the summer of 2015 to 32,000 as of the first issue of 2017, with 16,000 new subscribers being added in the two months
Jacobin_(magazine)
US police intelligence units
Haymarket Riot in 1886, Red Squads became common in larger cities such as Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles during the First Red Scare of the 1920s. They
Red_Squad
American political party
continued in 1919 and January 1920 in the Palmer Raids as part of the First Red Scare. Rank and file foreign-born members of the Communist Party were targeted
Communist_Party_USA
American linguist and activist (born 1928)
anarchosyndicalist movement, writing his first article on the topic at the age of 10. That he came to identify with anarchism first rather than another leftist movement
Noam_Chomsky
African-American activist (1948–1969)
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), the Brown Berets, AIM, and the Red Guard Party. In May 1969, Hampton called a press conference to announce that
Fred_Hampton
American labor organizer (1869–1928)
failed, but in 1918 he was one of 101 IWW members jailed during the First Red Scare. He was sentenced to twenty years. In 1921, while out of prison during
Bill_Haywood
American politician (born 1989)
growing progressive movement in Texas, saying: "I think they're winning in a red state. … They're starting to take over the state, and they will." Casar is
Greg_Casar
International labor union
crackdowns on radical, anarchist, and socialist groups during the First Red Scare after World War I. In Canada, the IWW was outlawed by the federal government
Industrial Workers of the World
Industrial_Workers_of_the_World
American judge
McKinley by Leon Czolgosz. Twenty years later, Hazel was a figure of the First Red Scare, targeting several anarchists under dubious grounds, such as Emma Goldman
John_R._Hazel
American founder of the Black Panther Party (1942–1989)
Newton was greeted by thousands of people waving copies of the "Little Red Book" (Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung) and displaying signs that said
Huey_P._Newton
1954 U.S. law criminalizing membership in communist organizations and supporting them
purposes of such organizations. Created during the period of the Second Red Scare (1946–1954), the act was one of many bills drafted with the intention
Communist_Control_Act_of_1954
American socialist writer (1928–1989)
of the possible within the Democratic Party." Harrington served as the first editor of New America, the official weekly newspaper of the Socialist Party-Social
Michael_Harrington
which was effectively closed down by convictions in federal court. The First Red Scare of 1919-1920 was marked by a widespread fear of far-left movements
History of homeland security in the United States
History_of_homeland_security_in_the_United_States
American journalist, poet, and activist (1887–1920)
published books about their Russian experiences. Bryant's Six Red Months in Russia appeared first, but Reed's 10 Days That Shook the World (1919) garnered
John_Reed_(journalist)
American politician and activist (born 1941)
minor league baseball team, the Vermont Reds, then the Double-A affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds; became the first US city to fund community-trust housing;
Bernie_Sanders
1917 uprising in rural Oklahoma during WWI
events that undermined the American socialist movement and fueled the First Red Scare. The Industrial Workers of the World shared the brunt of popular indignation
Green_Corn_Rebellion
1949 article by Albert Einstein
an article written by Albert Einstein in May 1949 that appeared in the first issue of the socialist journal Monthly Review. It addresses problems with
Why_Socialism?
British and American author and journalist (1949–2011)
figures, Vidal's endorsement of Hitchens as his successor is crossed out in red and annotated "NO, C.H." Hitchens's strong advocacy of the war in Iraq gained
Christopher_Hitchens
American investigative committee (1938–1975)
investigating Bolshevism, which had appeared as a threat during the First Red Scare after the Russian Revolution in 1917. The subcommittee's hearing into
House Un-American Activities Committee
House_Un-American_Activities_Committee
American talk show host (1983–2020)
July 28, 2020. "Against the Web: A Cosmopolitan Answer to the New Right". Red Emma's. Archived from the original on July 21, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2020
Michael Brooks (political commentator)
Michael_Brooks_(political_commentator)
American politician and lawyer (born 1976)
member of the Democratic Party, she is the first Palestinian American woman to serve in Congress and one of the first two Muslim women (along with Ilhan Omar)
Rashida_Tlaib
Followers of insurrectionary anarchist and communist Luigi Galleani
bombing, and lived there until his death in 1963. Propaganda of the deed First Red Scare Illegalism Sacco and Vanzetti Palmer Raids Larabee 2015, p. 37. Larabee
Galleanisti
Reactionary German paramilitants
under the command of Walter Caspari Freikorps Lichtschlag Fought against the Red Ruhr Army Fought under the command of Oskar von Watter Freikorps Epp Under
Freikorps
American politician and physician (born 1950)
candidate for governor of Massachusetts in 2002 and 2010. Stein ran her first political campaign as the Green-Rainbow candidate for governor of Massachusetts
Jill_Stein
Opposition to communism
In the United States, anti-communism came to prominence during the First Red Scare of 1919–1920. During the 1920s and 1930s, opposition to communism in
Anti-communism
American Marxian economist (born 1942)
distant relative of the German political activist Wilhelm Wolff, to whom the first volume of Karl Marx's Das Kapital was dedicated. Wolff, Richard D. (1974)
Richard_D._Wolff
1920s plan for refusing to negotiate with trades unions
between union activity and the Bolsheviks and played on fears during the First Red Scare. As a result, the American Plan drove down union membership by at least
American Plan (union negotiations)
American_Plan_(union_negotiations)
American journalist and TV host (born 1981)
dropped the show. She was a Senior Fellow of the New Leaders Council. Ball's first book, Reversing the Apocalypse: Hijacking the Democratic Party to Save the
Krystal_Ball
United States government arrests of leftists, 1919–20
Palmer's methods. The Palmer raids occurred in the larger context of the first Red Scare, a period of anti-communism in the U.S. in the years immediately following
Palmer_raids
state elections, and briefly held over 1,000 local offices. During the First Red Scare, the House of Representatives twice refused to seat socialist Victor
List of socialist members of the United States Congress
List_of_socialist_members_of_the_United_States_Congress
American social theorist (1921–2006)
Tokar, Brian (2010). "Bookchin's Social Ecology and its Contributions to the Red-Green Movement". In Huan, Qingzhi (ed.). Eco-socialism as Politics: Rebuilding
Murray_Bookchin
Political party in the United States
Party, which found that state bans on electoral fusion did not violate the First Amendment. With their strategy deflated, the New Party became defunct by
Working_Families_Party
American writer and journalist (1941–2022)
if my parents were the evil people they were talking about, part of the Red Menace we read about in the Weekly Reader, just because my mother was a liberal
Barbara_Ehrenreich
1988 history book by David Montgomery
of organized labor from the end of the Civil War in 1865 until the First Red Scare and what Montgomery believes to be the effectual end of the substantially
The Fall of the House of Labor
The_Fall_of_the_House_of_Labor
1849 essay by Henry David Thoreau
Disobedience", is an essay by American transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau, first published in 1849. In it, Thoreau argues that individuals should prioritize
Civil_Disobedience_(essay)
American domestic terrorist (1942–2023)
portal Biography portal Downshifting – Adoption of simpler lifestyle Green Scare – US government action against the radical environmental movement Oklahoma
Ted_Kaczynski
2011 film by Clint Eastwood
he collects incriminating information on people in power. With the First Red Scare over, Hoover focuses the Bureau on fighting gangsters. When the Lindbergh
J._Edgar
American academic (1933–2026)
Michael Parenti Blackshirts and Reds. City Lights Books. 1997. ISBN 978-0872868199 – via Internet Archive. Blackshirts and Reds: Rational Fascism and the Overthrow
Michael_Parenti
American actor and talk radio host (born 1966)
and Sarah Silverman, whom he dated. These connections were used in his first film, Who's the Caboose?, which then led to Seder's appearances on comedy
Sam_Seder
Religious commune in Oneida, New York (1848–1881)
In 1993, the community archives were made available to scholars for the first time. Contained within the archives was the journal of Tirzah Miller, Noyes'
Oneida_Community
Political party
coming out of SDS, it was the first to seriously attempt to develop itself at the theoretical level, with the publication of Red Papers 1.[citation needed]
Revolutionary Communist Party, USA
Revolutionary_Communist_Party,_USA
American historian and socialist philosopher (1922–2010)
Zinn, emigrated from the Eastern Siberian city of Irkutsk. His parents first became acquainted as workers at the same factory. During the Great Depression
Howard_Zinn
1906 novel by Upton Sinclair
named Tamoszius, who courts Marija, and the birth of Jurgis and Ona's first child. However, this happiness is tempered when Ona must return to work
The_Jungle
1919 period of white supremacist terrorism and racial riots in many U.S. cities
South due to systemic racism and employment segregation. During the First Red Scare of 1919–20, following the 1917 Russian Revolution, anti-Bolshevik sentiment
Red_Summer
American politician (1854–1930)
played a role in bringing on the first Red Scare that plagued American politics in 1919 and 1920. This was after the first World War when many innocent men
Lee_S._Overman
American singer-songwriter (1912–1967)
Land is Your land, This Land is My Land: Folk Music, Communism, and the Red Scare as a Part of the American Landscape". Student Historical Journal 1996–1997
Woody_Guthrie
Labor unrest following World War I
speculated to have played a role in the emergence and intensity of the First Red Scare. World War I had also dramatically shifted the economic and political
United States strike wave of 1919
United_States_strike_wave_of_1919
Political party in the United States
insurance companies". In 2012, SPUSA member Pat Noble was elected to the Red Bank Regional High School Board of Education. Noble ran openly as a Socialist
Socialist_Party_USA
American politician (born 1970)
environment. According to the Center for Climate Integrity, the bill is the first of its type in the nation. On October 2, 2021, Rabb authored a memo to all
Chris_Rabb
American political journalist and author (born 1979)
Technique and Lin-Manuel Miranda. Hayes directed the latter in Miranda's first musical. He attended Brown University, majoring in philosophy and graduating
Chris_Hayes
Post-Marxist social and economic concept
and Africa for its 'over-expanded capacity.'" In the context of the First Red Scare, Burden-Stelly noted that a 1919 US Justice Department report named
Racial_capitalism
American politician (1912–2006)
Party of America. He later became the leader of the Milwaukee branch of the Red Falcons during the 1930s, and served as secretary of the Socialist Party
Frank_Zeidler
U.S. presidential administration from 1913 to 1921
Mitchell Palmer to include expulsion of non-citizen radicals during the First Red Scare of 1919–1920. Wilson infused morality into his internationalism, an
Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson
Finnish-American anarchist (1893–1952)
American labor activist and anarchist. He became known in 1919 during the First Red Scare as Paivio and his fellow anarchist Gust Alonen were convicted of "criminal
Carl_Paivio
Historical political movement in Wisconsin, United States
Berger, was also a prominent socialist activist. In 1910, he became the first of two 20th-century Socialists elected to the House of Representatives,
Sewer_socialism
Left-wing politics in the United States
notoriety due to violent clashes with police, assassinations, and sensational Red Scare propaganda, but most anarchist activity took place in the realm of agitation
American_Left
American Presbyterian minister and socialist politician (1884–1968)
and as a minister, Thomas preached against American participation in the First World War. This pacifist stance led to his being shunned by many of his
Norman_Thomas
1971 book by Murray Bookchin
Post-Scarcity Anarchism is a collection of essays by Murray Bookchin, first published in 1971 by Ramparts Press. In it, Bookchin outlines the possible
Post-Scarcity_Anarchism
1919 law prohibiting certain leftist politics
declaring the Act unconstitutional. The Act was enacted during the First Red Scare and amid labor unrest in the United States in the early 20th century
California Criminal Syndicalism Act
California_Criminal_Syndicalism_Act
Antisemitic conspiracy theory
Protocols and did more than any other American to promote them. During the First Red Scare, United States Congress investigated the veracity of the Protocols
International Jewish conspiracy
International_Jewish_conspiracy
1980 history book by Howard Zinn
criticizes some aspects of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal: "From the first, the NRA was dominated by big business and served their interests." According
A People's History of the United States
A_People's_History_of_the_United_States
American politician (1882–1947)
especially transportation and parks La Guardia achieved most of the first four goals in his first hundred days, as FDR gave him 20% of the entire national CWA
Fiorello_La_Guardia
Scottish-born Irish-American political journalist and writer
The Wall Street Journal, and Chronicles. In 1987, Cockburn completed the first of a series of books collecting columns, diary entries, letters, and essays
Alexander_Cockburn
1960s American youth-oriented counter-cultural political party
anti-war demonstrations. The flag had a black background with a five-pointed red star in the center, and a green cannabis leaf superimposed over it. When
Youth_International_Party
1916 film directed by D. W. Griffith
of the National Guard[clarification needed] in the film, due to the First Red Scare that year. "He was obliged to put this title in the strike sequence:
Intolerance_(film)
U.S. democratic socialist organization (1973–1982)
Workers' Union (ILGWU), were re-elected by acclamation along with SPDSF's first national vice chairman, James Glaser. In his opening speech, Rustin called
Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee
Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee
American student activist organization (1960–1974)
League for Industrial Democracy was reconstituted as SDS. They held their first meeting in 1960 on the University of Michigan campus at Ann Arbor, where
Students for a Democratic Society
Students_for_a_Democratic_Society
American politician (1860–1929)
Berger's Broadsides (1860–1912) Meyer London Espionage Act of 1917 First Red Scare List of Jewish members of the United States Congress Palmer Raids Sewer
Victor_L._Berger
American political party
United States by voter registration, behind the Libertarian Party. The party first gained traction in 2000, when Ralph Nader ran for president. The direct
Green Party of the United States
Green_Party_of_the_United_States
American politician
from 1919 until his expulsion from the assembly in 1920 during the First Red Scare. DeWitt was born on November 1, 1891, in New York City. He worked as
Sam_DeWitt
List of Communist Party USA members who have held public office
County". Montana Senior News. December 1, 2019. Dyson, Lowell K. (1972). "The Red Peasant International in America". The Journal of American History. 58 (4):
List of Communist Party USA members who have held office in the United States
List_of_Communist_Party_USA_members_who_have_held_office_in_the_United_States
Aspect of U.S. political history
gaining a foothold in the United States as they endured two eras of the Red Scare and never experienced significant electoral success. Despite struggling
History of the Communist Party USA
History_of_the_Communist_Party_USA
Protection Order Act, a bill authorizing states to use grants to develop red flag laws which would grant family members the ability to petition courts
Political positions of Bernie Sanders
Political_positions_of_Bernie_Sanders
2011 American protest movement
reflected growing anger in the public after the 2008 financial crisis. The first such proposal appeared on the Adbusters website on February 2, 2011, under
Occupy_Wall_Street
Series of bombings in the US in 1919
mail. The bombings were one of the major factors contributing to the First Red Scare. Two people were killed, including one of the bombers, and two injured
1919 United States anarchist bombings
1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings
American individualist anarchist (1854–1939)
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's classic work What is Property? In 1877, he published his first original journal Radical Review, but it ran for only four issues. From August
Benjamin_Tucker
American politician and educator (born 1976)
defeated 16-term incumbent Eliot Engel in the 2020 Democratic primary and was first elected to Congress that November. He was a member of the Squad, an informal
Jamaal_Bowman
American abolitionist (1829–1925)
speakers, he became the first teacher engaged by the Cincinnati black public schools in 1849, and the founder and principal of Ohio's first public high school
Peter_H._Clark
U.S. laws prohibiting mandated union membership and dues
Plan" after it became associated with the anti-union violence of the first Red Scare. Muse used racial segregationist arguments in advocating for anti-union
Right-to-work_law
American politician (born 1976)
the Democratic Party and the Democratic Socialists of America. Bush was first elected to Congress in 2020 after defeating incumbent Lacy Clay in the Democratic
Cori_Bush
American politician (1935–2018)
posters depicting atrocities committed by American soldiers, embellished with red paint. The My Lai massacre was followed shortly thereafter by a series of
Ron_Dellums
Marxist–Leninist political organization in the United States
(PDF) from the original on August 11, 2022. Metz, John (2002). "American Red Groups". Archived from the original on April 13, 2003. Woodford, Maize (Spring
Freedom Road Socialist Organization
Freedom_Road_Socialist_Organization
American author, journalist, and social activist (1876–1916)
pioneer of commercial fiction and American magazines, he was one of the first American authors to become an international celebrity and earn a large fortune
Jack_London
killings under communist regimes Red-tagging in the Philippines Red star § Legal status Strafgesetzbuch section 86a Red Scare Brooke, James. "Communist Symbol
Bans_on_communist_symbols
travel, tourism, insurance
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