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Measure of relationship two or more financial variables over time
Financial correlations measure the relationship between the changes of two or more financial variables over time. For example, the prices of equity stocks
Financial_correlation
Correlation as a function of distance
values at points for which there are no observations. Correlation functions used in astronomy, financial analysis, econometrics, and statistical mechanics
Correlation_function
Covariance and correlation
In signal processing, cross-correlation is a measure of similarity of two series as a function of the displacement of one relative to the other. This
Cross-correlation
finance, correlation trading is a strategy in which the investor gets exposure to the average correlation of an index. The key to correlation trading is
Correlation_trading
Worldwide economic crisis
A major worldwide financial crisis centered in the United States took place in 2008. The causes included excessive speculation on property values by both
2008_financial_crisis
Risk reduction technique
parity is the special case of correlation parity when all pair-wise correlations are equal. One simple measure of financial risk is variance of the return
Diversification_(finance)
Concept in probability theory and statistics
In probability theory and statistics, partial correlation measures the degree of association between two random variables, with the effect of a set of
Partial_correlation
Type of financial derivative
A correlation swap is an over-the-counter financial derivative that allows one to speculate on or hedge risks associated with the observed average correlation
Correlation_swap
Purported treasure hidden in the Philippines
(Emperor's Gold Nugget (5) ... "Golden Yuri" and International Financial Correlation Chart), (in Japanese) June 30, 2009 天皇の金塊(6)...「金の百合」とゴールド・カルテル
Yamashita's_gold
Mathematical framework for investment risk
tool, because its model of financial markets does not match the real world in many ways. The risk, return, and correlation measures used by MPT are based
Modern_portfolio_theory
Network analysis approach
activity, the analysis is based on partial correlations. In simple words, the partial (or residual) correlation is a measure of the effect (or contribution)
Dependency_network
A stock correlation network is a type of financial network based on stock price correlation used for observing, analyzing and predicting the stock market
Stock_correlation_network
Scenario in which financial shocks spread to other financial sectors
error, causing a rise in the correlation of a regression. Let V {\displaystyle {\mathcal {V}}} is the set of financial assets and p v ( t ) {\displaystyle
Financial_contagion
Statistical error, form of sampling bias
group have some special property, rather than just a coincidence, as in correlation "proves" causality. The parapsychology researcher Joseph Banks Rhine
Survivorship_bias
(2006-08-09). "Asymmetric Dynamics in the Correlations of Global Equity and Bond Returns". Journal of Financial Econometrics. 4 (4): 537–572. doi:10.1093/jjfinec/nbl005
Financial_integration
Generic term for all markets in which trading takes place with capital
A financial market is a marketplace where the pricing and trade of securities, commodities, currency, derivatives, or other financial products takes place
Financial_market
Any of various types of risk associated with financing
small or even negative correlations[citation needed] suddenly starting moving in the same direction causing severe financial stress to market participants
Financial_risk
Canadian quantitative analyst (born 1960s)
between securities is not measurable using correlation"; in other words, "anything that relies on correlation is charlatanism." Li himself apparently understood
David_X._Li
Application of physics to the study of economics
random matrix theory, which can be used to identify the noise in financial correlation matrices. One paper has argued that this technique can improve the
Econophysics
2007 mortgage crisis in the United States
mortgage crisis was a multinational financial crisis that occurred between 2007 and 2010, contributing to the 2008 financial crisis. It led to a severe economic
Subprime_mortgage_crisis
Group of financial entities
LTCM case highlighted the hidden correlations inherent in financial networks. In the case of LTCM, financial correlations were much higher than expected
Financial_network
Collection of reference securities
changes in observed correlations on index tranches caused very large scale buying of CDS protection by swaps dealers during the 2008 financial crisis, increasing
Bespoke_portfolio_(CDO)
Academic discipline concerned with the exchange of money
Risks and Correlations" Harvey, Campbell R.; Liu, Yan; Zhu, Caroline (2015). "…and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns". The Review of Financial Studies
Financial_economics
Measure of prediction's merit in finance
performance metric for the predictive skill of a financial analyst. The information coefficient is close to correlation in that it can be seen to measure the linear
Information_coefficient
Ability to manage financial crisis
Financial stability is the absence of system-wide episodes in which a financial crisis occurs and is characterised as an economy with low volatility.
Financial_stability
American economist and Nobel laureate (born 1942)
2026. V-Lab: real time financial volatility and correlation measurements, modeling and forecasting The Society for Financial Econometrics (SoFiE) Archived
Robert_F._Engle
Financial sector development in developing countries and emerging markets is part of the private sector development strategy to stimulate economic growth
Financial_sector_development
Study of collection and analysis of data
Chi-squared test Correlation Factor analysis Mann–Whitney U Mean square weighted deviation (MSWD) Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient Regression
Statistics
Type of financial contract
the managers of these firms [investment funds] have figured out the correlations between the various instruments they hold and believe they are hedged
Derivative_(finance)
Country ranking by public sector corruption
corruption perception, as defined by the CPI. The researchers found a correlation between a higher CPI and higher long-term economic growth, as well as
Corruption_Perceptions_Index
Machine learning framework for portfolio construction
observations. However, empirical evidence suggests that the correlation structure of financial assets is highly unstable over such extended periods. These
Hierarchical_Risk_Parity
Unit of information
distribution Grouped data Dependence Partial correlation Pearson product-moment correlation Rank correlation Kendall's τ Spearman's ρ Scatter plot Graphics
Data
Method of data analysis
"remarkable" correlations of the correlation matrix, by a solid line (positive correlation) or dotted line (negative correlation). A strong correlation is not
Principal_component_analysis
Sequence of data points over time
auto-correlation and cross-correlation analysis. In the time domain, correlation and analysis can be made in a filter-like manner using scaled correlation
Time_series
Measure of the joint variability
not necessarily have the same units. In those situations, we use the correlation coefficient, which normalizes the covariance to a value between -1 and
Covariance
Buy/position trading
Peter Lynch, and Benjamin Graham since, in the long run, there is a high correlation between the stock market and economic growth. According to the efficient-market
Buy_and_hold
Financing rules for clubs in UEFA leagues
The UEFA Financial Sustainability Regulations are a set of regulations established by UEFA to prevent professional football clubs spending more than they
UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations
UEFA_Financial_Fair_Play_Regulations
Graphical tool in probability
have proven useful in other problems such as (constrained) sampling of correlation matrices, building non-parametric continuous Bayesian networks. For example
Vine_copula
Indicator in finance
serial correlation. The presence of serial correlation in several market indices such as the JASDAQ and the SENSEX argues further that serial correlation might
Bias_ratio
Corporate-focused tax havens
financial services exports data. By September 2007, the definition of an OFC from the most cited academic paper on OFCs, showed a strong correlation with
Offshore_financial_centre
Topics referred to by the same term
control technique used in wireless LANs Pair correlation function, a statistical tool to measure spatial correlation Polymer-clad fiber, a type of optical fiber
PCF
institution. This correlation is due to Australia status as a primarily domestic-focused market rather than a major offshore financial hub; consequently
List_of_banks_in_Australia
Probabilistic problem-solving algorithm
method for modified geometry of Macpherson suspension based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient". Vehicle System Dynamics. 55 (6): 827–852. Bibcode:2017VSD
Monte_Carlo_method
Credit risk measurement techniques
\left(1-{\frac {1-e^{-50\cdot PD}}{1-e^{-50}}}\right){\Biggr )}} AVC (Asset Value Correlation) was introduced by the Basel III Framework, and is applied as following:
Advanced_IRB
Investment asset class: physical assets
high current income, inflation protection / equity appreciation, low correlation to equity markets, and favorable tax treatment. Investing in real assets
Real_assets
1996 book by Thomas J. Stanley and William D. Danko
their means; 2. They allocate time and money efficiently; 3. They value financial independence over displaying high social status; 4. They did not receive
The_Millionaire_Next_Door
Indian financial services company
financial companies. Specifically, when studying Bajaj Finance, it was observed that there existed a statistically significant positive correlation between
Bajaj_Finance
Basic standard of value in economics
foundation in several financial pricing models such as options and certain assets. Identifying a risky asset as numéraire has a correlation with the number
Numéraire
Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility index
futures that attempt to enable stock-like trading in those futures. The correlation between these ETFs and the actual VIX index is very poor, especially
VIX
Institution without a full banking license
research suggests a high correlation between a financial development and economic growth. Generally, a market-based financial system has better-developed
Non-bank financial institution
Non-bank_financial_institution
Worldwide protests by Generation Z individuals
million data points on the dynamics surrounding Gen Z protests, found a correlation between social media penetration and a low average age, on the one hand
Gen_Z_protests
American economic employment indicator
strong correlation between the NFP data and the strength of the US dollar. Historical price movement data shows a small negative correlation between
Nonfarm_payrolls
Degree to which a firm's reported earnings reflect economic performance
earnings quality would therefore be based on other factors, such as A correlation between reported earnings and underlying economic activity, The permanence
Earnings_quality
Global investment management firm
diversification within portfolios, as well as adding strategies with low correlation to traditional asset classes as a complement to existing portfolios.
AQR_Capital_Management
Measure of covariance of components of a random vector
related to the covariance matrix is the matrix of Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients between each of the random variables in the random vector
Covariance_matrix
Theory of the state
correlation between the two is heavily dependent on the income brackets of the voting groups. At the lowest income bracket sampled, the correlation coefficient
Elite_theory
jstor M. C. Münnix et al (2010) Impact of the tick-size on financial returns and correlations, Physica A, 389 (21) 4828–4843. arxiv http://iopscience.iop
Epps_effect
Type of statistical measure over subsets of a dataset
Bank of England in 1833 to conceal the state of its bullion reserves. In financial applications a simple moving average (SMA) is the unweighted mean of the
Moving_average
Woman assigned male at birth
testosterone levels (with some controversy) but the 2008 study found no such correlation in trans women. Another study, published in 2014, found that 62.4% of
Trans_woman
Astrology for events in financial markets
released in 1999, focusing specifically on the correlation between eclipses and the state of the financial market at that time[citation needed]. Though
Financial_astrology
Measure of variation in statistics
parameters Coefficient of variation Cumulant Deviation (statistics) Distance correlation Distance standard deviation Error bar Geometric standard deviation Mahalanobis
Standard_deviation
Statistical distribution for dependence between random variables
interval [0, 1]. Copulas are used to describe / model the dependence (inter-correlation) between random variables. Their name, introduced by applied mathematician
Copula_(statistics)
Deliberate death by means of a railway vehicle
diagnosed mental illness, to a greater extent than suicides in general. The correlation of rail suicide and mental illness has led to some sites along rail lines
Rail_suicide
Political party in the United Kingdom
analysis by the Financial Times of data from a More In Common survey showed that the projected Reform vote share had a strong correlation with poor social
Reform_UK
housing market from the late twentieth century onward, and noted the correlation between crises in the Middle East and strong price increases in London's
Economic impact of the 2026 Iran war
Economic_impact_of_the_2026_Iran_war
Canadian pornographic video-sharing website
citizens to stay home, consuming pornography. The study also found a correlation between the percentage increase in searches for pornography made by men
Pornhub
French professor
March 1997. "International Market Correlation and Volatility", (with Cyril Boucrelle and Yann Le Fur), Financial Analysts Journal, September/October
Bruno_Solnik
to a user in his Twitter "I don't believe in god, but I don't see any correlation between religiosity and human virtues. Merry Xmas everyone!" "John Carmack
List of atheists (miscellaneous)
List_of_atheists_(miscellaneous)
Use of digital attacks against a state
Wayback Machine. PC World. "28c3: Security Log Visualization with a Correlation Engine". YouTube. 29 December 2011. Archived from the original on 21
Cyberwarfare
2024 book by Jonathan Haidt
find a large or consistently negative effect, and suggesting that the correlation of rising social media use and mental health problems might reflect reverse
The_Anxious_Generation
26th largest by purchasing power parity. Bangladesh is seen by various financial institutions as one of the Next Eleven. It has been transitioning from
Economy_of_Bangladesh
Canadian economist
Residential Mortgages; with Alan White; Financial Analysts Journal; Issue: 66, 5; 2010; Pages: 54-67 The Valuation of Correlation-Dependent Credit Derivatives Using
John_C._Hull_(economist)
Business compliance technology
centerpiece would be a global map of financial flows, charting spill-overs and correlations. RegTech for financial services spans several domains, including
Regulatory_technology
2017 research paper by Google
Malsburg: The correlation theory of brain function. Internal Report 81-2, MPI Biophysical Chemistry, 1981. http://cogprints.org/1380/1/vdM_correlation.pdf Archived
Attention_Is_All_You_Need
Intelligence of machines
were relatively unlikely to die according to the training data. The correlation between asthma and low risk of dying from pneumonia was real, but misleading
Artificial_intelligence
Suggested cognitive limit important in sociology and anthropology
proposed in the 1990s by Robin Dunbar, a British anthropologist who found a correlation between primate brain size and average social group size. By using the
Dunbar's_number
agriculture was the primary source of wealth and that there was a direct correlation between peasants and the state, which owned the land. The government's
Reforms_of_the_Hongwu_Emperor
Degree of variation of a trading price series over time
R.; Figlewski, S.; Hasbrouck, J. (1993). "Forecasting Volatility and Correlations with EGARCH models". Journal of Derivatives. 1 (2): 51–63. doi:10.3905/jod
Volatility_(finance)
Pattern-recognition performance metrics
(the weighted harmonic mean of precision and recall), or the Matthews correlation coefficient, which is a geometric mean of the chance-corrected variants:
Precision_and_recall
1964 U.S. Army project
whether in teaching or research, find their actions questioned in direct correlation with the sophistication of the persons with whom they deal." Herman,
Project_Camelot
American stock market index composed of 30 industry leaders
between the correlation of components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average compared with the movement of the index finds that the correlation is higher when
Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average
identify relationships among the variables; for example, checking for correlation and by determining whether or not there is the presence of causality
Data_analysis
Economic theory that asset prices fully reflect all available information
The efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) is a hypothesis in financial economics that states that asset prices reflect all available information. A direct
Efficient-market_hypothesis
Mental illness with multiple personality states
research studies. Proponents of the trauma-related model claim the high correlation of child sexual and physical abuse reported by adults with dissociative
Dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative_identity_disorder
volatile in bear markets. Price change correlations are stronger with higher volatility, and their auto-correlations die out quickly. Almost all real data
Statistical_finance
American financial technology company
Schmidt (Google Executive Chairman), Marc Benioff, Khosla Ventures, Correlation Ventures, Founders Fund, and Collaborative Fund. Upstart raised a Series
Upstart_Holdings
Desirable qualities in partners
no correlation between attraction and odor by testing males' odor preferences on women's odors. The study concludes that there is no correlation in attraction
Mate_choice_in_humans
Framework for corporate funding, capital structure, and investments
observed or supposed correlation between the variables. These distributions would then be "sampled" repeatedly – incorporating this correlation – so as to generate
Corporate_finance
Reporters Without Borders assessment of countries' press freedom
available to make ratings more precise. The authors also found a significant correlation with the United Nations Human Development Index scores. As of 2026, South
World_Press_Freedom_Index
American accountant who exposed the Madoff investment scandal
Markopolos (born October 22, 1956) is an American forensic accounting and financial fraud investigator and former securities industry executive best known
Harry_Markopolos
American large-cap stock market index
thus the corresponding volatility of the S&P 100 is lower. However, the correlation between the two indices is very high.[page needed] This index is tracked
S&P_100
De jure independent foreign aid agency
its members to expel USAID from their countries. Studies have found correlations between U.S. foreign aid levels and nations' membership on the United
United States Agency for International Development
United_States_Agency_for_International_Development
Bias confirming existing attitudes
greater reliance on information encountered early in a series) illusory correlation (when people falsely perceive an association between two events or situations)
Confirmation_bias
longer than the average American male — although that could be due to the correlation between income and life expectancy in the U.S. — the risk of death associated
List of NFL players with chronic traumatic encephalopathy
List_of_NFL_players_with_chronic_traumatic_encephalopathy
Mental phenomenon of holding contradictory beliefs
the ideologies of Christian faith were to one's identity, so the true correlation between religiosity and politics was how important each was to someone's
Cognitive_dissonance
Financial metric
more popular as a metric of financial forecasting and measurement as a result of their increased correlation to financial market activity and volatility
Swap_spread
Form of scientific experiment
and nonindustry-sponsored RCTs, and in all the articles there was a correlation of industry sponsorship and positive study outcome. A 2004 study of 1999–2001
Randomized_controlled_trial
Publication ranking national happiness based on respondent ratings of their lives
across all countries. The reports' variables only show correlation, not causation (see Correlation does not imply causation). The report measures subjective
World_Happiness_Report
Monetary policy tool
easing by buying financial assets from commercial banks and other financial institutions, thus raising the prices of those financial assets and lowering
Quantitative_easing
Influence of pornography on an individual and their intimate relationships
that much of the research on the effects of pornography often confuses correlation with causation. Sexual strategies theory can be strongly linked to pornography
Effects_of_pornography
FINANCIAL CORRELATION
FINANCIAL CORRELATION
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a nickname for a showy dresser, from Middle English pe ‘peacock’ (see Peacock) + body ‘body’, ‘person’.The prominent financier and philanthropist George Peabody was born 1795 in South Danvers, now Peabody, MA. His first ancestor in America was Francis Peabody, who emigrated from England in 1635 and settled at Topsfield, MA.
Surname or Lastname
English (Bristol, Gwent)
English (Bristol, Gwent) : from Middle English tresor ‘treasure’, ‘wealth’, ‘riches’ (Old French trésor, from Latin thesaurus ‘hoard’), hence a metonymic occupational name for a treasurer or person in charge of financial administration, or an affectionate nickname for a loved or valued person.
Surname or Lastname
Northern Irish
Northern Irish : shortened Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Mealláin ‘descendant of Meallán’, a personal name that is a diminutive of meall ‘pleasant’.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Meulan in Seine-et-Oise.Dutch (van Mellon) : habitational name from Millun bij Keulen.Thomas and Sarah Jane Mellon came to Pittsburgh, PA, from Lower Castletown, Tyrone, Ireland, in 1818. Their grandson, the industrialist and financier Andrew William Mellon (1855–1937) is remembered not only as a businessman but also as an art collector. He served as secretary of the Treasury from 1921 to 1932.
FINANCIAL CORRELATION
FINANCIAL CORRELATION
Female
Ukrainian
, wisdom.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Czechoslovakian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Indian, Italian, Jamaican, Latin, Slavic, Swedish
Born on Christmas; Christ's Birthday; Natal Day; Form of Natalie; To be Born-from Natalia
Boy/Male
Hindu
Love
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Water
Male
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Aryeh, ARYE means "lion."Â
Male
Italian
Italian form of Latin Amator, AMADORE means "lover."
Girl/Female
German, Swedish
God's Promise; God is My Oath
Male
Hebrew
(חֶבְרï‹×Ÿ) Variant form of Hebrew Ebron, CHEBROWN means "alliance, association."Â
Boy/Male
Hindu
Reflection
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Love for Younger Brother; Close to Heart
FINANCIAL CORRELATION
FINANCIAL CORRELATION
FINANCIAL CORRELATION
FINANCIAL CORRELATION
FINANCIAL CORRELATION
imp. & p. p.
of Financier
n.
Embarrassment of affairs, especially financial affairs; -- usually in the plural; as, to be in difficulties.
a.
Such as can be lent; available for lending; as, loanable funds; -- used mostly in financial business and writings.
v. t.
To deprive of strength, activity, or capability for service or use; to disable; to deprive of resources; as, to be financially crippled.
a.
Pertaining to finance.
v. t.
To make bankrupt; to bring financial ruin upon; to impoverish.
n.
Financial dealings; buying and selling; traffic in general; mercantile transactions.
n.
The infliction of evil; a sudden calamity; something which produces mental, physical, or financial suffering or loss (esp. when sudden); a buffet.
v. i.
To conduct financial operations.
adv.
In a dfinancial manner.
a.
Able to respond or answer for one's conduct and obligations; trustworthy, financially or otherwise; as, to have a responsible man for surety.
a.
To improve the condition of, morally, physically, financially, socially, or otherwise.
n.
One charged with the administration of finance; an officer who administers the public revenue; a treasurer.
n.
One skilled in financial operations; one acquainted with money matters.
a.
By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension concerning financial affairs.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Financier
n.
A financier.
v. t.
Ruined financially; incapable of redeeming promises made, or of paying debts incurred; as, a broken bank; a broken tradesman.
v. t.
To destroy the financial credit of; to make bankrupt; to ruin.
adv. & a.
In arrears financially; in a state where expenditures have exceeded the receipt of funds.