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Latin for 'and from the Son', added to the Nicene Creed
Filioque (English pronunciation /ˌfɪliˈoʊkwi, -kweɪ/ FIL-ee-OH-kwee, -kway; Ecclesiastical Latin: [filiˈokwe]) is a Latin term meaning and the Son. The
Filioque
The history of the filioque controversy is the historical development of theological controversies within Christianity regarding three distinctive issues:
History of the filioque controversy
History_of_the_filioque_controversy
The position of the Eastern Orthodox Church regarding the Filioque controversy is defined by their interpretation of the Bible, and the teachings of the
Eastern Orthodox teaching regarding the Filioque
Eastern_Orthodox_teaching_regarding_the_Filioque
Council creating the Christian Church of the East (410)
Father and the Son" in the second recension are the earliest example of the Filioque clause. Catholicos Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318 List of patriarchs
Council_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Statement of belief adopted at the First Ecumenical Council in 325
Amen. The Latin text adds "Deum de Deo" and "Filioque" to the Greek. For further information, see The Filioque Controversy above. Inevitably also, the overtones
Nicene_Creed
Carolingian emperor from 800 to 814
canonical creed did not include filioque. Leo commissioned two silver shields with the creed in Latin and Greek (omitting the filioque), which he hung in St. Peter's
Charlemagne
Break of communion between the Western and Eastern churches
West preceded the formal split in 1054. Prominent among these were the Filioque clause of the Nicene Creed, whether leavened or unleavened bread should
East–West_Schism
Christian philosopher and theologian (354–430)
he remains highly venerated, but some of his teachings, including the filioque, are more disputed. Augustine of Hippo, also known as Saint Augustine or
Augustine_of_Hippo
theological differences with the Catholic Church are the papal primacy and the filioque clause. In spirituality, the tenability of neo-Palamism's essence-energy
Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
Theological_differences_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church
Major branch of Christianity
holds that the Holy Spirit proceeds only from the Father and rejects the Filioque clause ("and the Son") added to the Nicene Creed by the Latin Church, on
Eastern_Orthodoxy
Head of the Catholic Church from 858 to 867
supremacy over territories outside his jurisdiction, the incorporation of the filioque in the Constantinopolitan Nicene creed, and his pressure on Bulgaria to
Pope_Nicholas_I
Archbishop of Ephesus and Eastern Orthodox saint
sign the agreement with the Roman Church concerning the addition of the Filioque clause during the Council of Ferrara–Florence, however, was cordial in
Mark_of_Ephesus
Largest autonomous particular Catholic church
Georges Florovsky. The most controversial doctrine associated with him, the filioque, was rejected by the Orthodox Church as heretical.[citation needed] Other
Latin_Church
Christian church based in Rome
the Photian schism, as Photius criticized the Latin West for adding the filioque clause, after being excommunicated by Nicholas I, causing unresolved issues
Catholic_Church
Third person of the Trinity
Church, filioque being "and from the Son" in Latin. Towards the end of the 20th century, discussions took place about the removal of Filioque in the Nicene
Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity
Continuation of the Roman Empire (330–1453)
Differences in ritual and theology, such as the use of unleavened bread and the Filioque clause, as well as divergences in ecclesiology—plenitudo potestatis versus
Byzantine_Empire
8th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church (869–870 AD)
to issues with certain canons (namely the implicit condemnation of the filioque). Siecienski disagrees with Dvornik's assessment. The previous seven ecumenical
Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)
Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Catholic_Church)
5th and 6th-century Bishop of Ruspe and saint
Fabius Claudius Gordianus Fulgentius, also known as Fulgentius of Ruspe (462 or 467 – 1 January 527 or 533), was a North African Christian prelate who
Fulgentius_of_Ruspe
9th-century schism between Rome and Constantinople
century, when the filioque was central to Byzantine polemics, were his arguments adopted, and few would refer to them until then. Filioque literally means
Photian_schism
589 synod in which Visigothic Spain entered the Catholic Church
Visigothic Spain into the Catholic Church, and is known for codifying the filioque clause into Western Christianity. The council also enacted restrictions
Third_Council_of_Toledo
Council of Christian bishops in Nicaea, 325
Theosis Theotokos Differences from the Catholic Church Opposition to the Filioque Opposition to papal supremacy Liturgy and worship Divine Liturgy Divine
First_Council_of_Nicaea
Major branch of Protestantism
liturgies, including introduction of the Trisagion and deletion of the filioque clause from the Nicene Creed. For their part, those evangelical (and some
Anglicanism
Christian theological concept
that the Holy Spirit proceeds only from the Father. This issue led to the filioque controversy and was a large question in the East-West schism. In a theological
Eternal procession of the Holy Spirit
Eternal_procession_of_the_Holy_Spirit
Church Council
including the question of Papal supremacy in the Church, and the use of Filioque clause in the Creed. At least five councils (in 859, 861, 867, 869-870
Council of Constantinople (867)
Council_of_Constantinople_(867)
Religious category of the Latin Church, Protestantism, and their derivatives
Western Christianity is one of two subdivisions of Christianity (Eastern Christianity being the other). Western Christianity is composed of the Latin Church
Western_Christianity
Constantinople, who in turn had attacked the pope as a heretic because he kept the filioque in the creed, which referred to the Holy Spirit emanating from God the
Christianity in the 9th century
Christianity_in_the_9th_century
their teachings regarding the Holy Spirit. A well-known example is the Filioque controversy, the debates centering on whether the Nicene Creed should state
Holy Spirit (Christian denominational variations)
Holy_Spirit_(Christian_denominational_variations)
Christian doctrine
century, some Latin-speaking churches added the words "and from the Son" (Filioque) to the description of the procession of the Holy Spirit, words that were
Trinity
8th-century clergyman, theologian and writer
Spanish Adoptionism and promoted both reforms and the adoption of the Filioque into the Nicene Creed. In addition, Paulinus arranged for the peaceful
Paulinus_II_of_Aquileia
breakdown was also highlighted by the filioque controversy, where Rome in 1014 inserted the clause “and the Son” (filioque in Latin) to describe the procession
Catholic–Eastern Orthodox relations
Catholic–Eastern_Orthodox_relations
Synod accepted by the Eastern Orthodox Church
implicitly condemned the addition of the Filioque to the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed: "The Creed (without the filioque) was read out and a condemnation pronounced
Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)
Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Eastern_Orthodox)
Byzantine-rite expression of Lutheran Christianity
the Ukrainian Lutheran Church. The Byzantine Lutheran Rite includes the filioque in the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, albeit placing it in brackets.
Eastern_Lutheranism
14th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church (1272–74)
observed in the council. The Greek delegates conceded on the issue of the Filioque (two words added to the Nicene Creed), and union was proclaimed. The council
Second_Council_of_Lyon
Irish Catholic philosopher and theologian (c. 800 – c. 877)
sympathy to Constantinople, he is a staunch defender of the theology of the filioque clause. Eriugena argues that, as the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father
John_Scotus_Eriugena
Magic phrase
Scandinavia is usually accompanied by filiokus, a corruption of the term Filioque,[citation needed] ("and from the Son”). The variant spelling filipokus
Hocus-pocus
9th-century Byzantine Christian theologians and missionaries
easily defend his omission of Filioque from the Nicene Creed as this also pertained in Rome at the time. Though Filioque could, by the 6th century, be
Cyril_and_Methodius
9th-century Frankish monk and theologian
the Roman Church, a response to the Photian schism and defense of the filioque addition to the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed. The writings of Ratramnus
Ratramnus
Head of the Catholic Church from 904 to 911
Formosus' legacy, annulling all ordinations made by the late pope, and the filioque controversy with eastern patriarchs. His pontificate was similarly marked
Pope_Sergius_III
Head of the Catholic Church from 884 to 885
Oria, to Constantinople to deliver a synodal letter about faith and the filioque to patriarch Photius I. Adrian died in July 885 at San Cesario sul Panaro
Pope_Adrian_III
Theosis Theotokos Differences from the Catholic Church Opposition to the Filioque Opposition to papal supremacy Liturgy and worship Divine Liturgy Divine
Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Austria
Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Austria
Constantinople, who in turn had attacked the pope as a heretic, because he kept the filioque in the creed, which referred to the Holy Spirit emanating from God the
History of the Catholic Church
History_of_the_Catholic_Church
1884 Russian literary work
Theosis Theotokos Differences from the Catholic Church Opposition to the Filioque Opposition to papal supremacy Liturgy and worship Divine Liturgy Divine
The_Way_of_a_Pilgrim
Jurisdiction of the Catholic Church and Vatican City
Theologies Doctrine God Trinity Father Son Holy Ghost Consubstantialitas Filioque Divinum illud munus Divine law Decalogus Ex Cathedra Deificatio Realms
Holy_See
Western European kingdom (c. 481–843)
various Church leaders in Francia developed an erroneous notion that the Filioque clause was an authentic part of the original Nicene Creed, and those views
Francia
680s council of the Christian churches
University Press. ISBN 0-8135-0599-2 Siecienski, Anthony Edward (2010). The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195372045
Third Council of Constantinople
Third_Council_of_Constantinople
Byzantine Greek theologian (c. 1400–c. 1472)
treatises on the differences between Catholic and Orthodox theology, the Filioque, a defence of Aristotelianism and excerpts from an exposition (entitled
Gennadius_Scholarius
Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church (1431–1449)
reaching agreements on such matters as the Western insertion of the phrase "Filioque" to the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, the definition and number of the
Council_of_Florence
Autocephalous church of Eastern Orthodox Christianity
supremacy claimed by the Pope in Rome, and criticizing the addition of the Filioque clause to the Nicene Creed by the Western Church. John sent the letter
Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople
Eastern Orthodox Church term of reproach
one of three points of contention (along with Petrine supremacy and the Filioque) traditionally accounted as causes of the Great Schism. "Azymes" (plural
Azymite
Christian traditions originating from Greek- and Syriac-speaking populations
top-down hierarchy (see primus inter pares). The Eastern Orthodox reject the Filioque clause as contrast to Catholics. The Catholic Church was once in communion
Eastern_Christianity
Chapters Monoenergism Monothelitism Dyoenergism Dyothelitism Iconoclasm Filioque Paulicianism Bogomilism Hesychasm Eastern Protestantism Traditions Greek
The_Courage_to_Be_Ourselves
Theology of two-person Godhead
of the filioque, which formed a key theological rationale for the Great Schism with the Eastern Orthodox in 1054. The Orthodox urge that filioque statements
Binitarianism
Branch of Christian theology that studies the Holy Spirit
while Augustine of Hippo and the medieval Catholic Church added the "filioque" clause to the Creed (the Spirit proceeds from the Father "and the Son")
Pneumatology
Theologies Doctrine God Trinity Father Son Holy Ghost Consubstantialitas Filioque Divinum illud munus Divine law Decalogus Ex Cathedra Deificatio Realms
Catholic Church sexual abuse cases
Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases
Topics referred to by the same term
controversy (Sabellianism) (since 2nd century) Arian controversy (4-5th century) Filioque controversy Socinian controversy (19th century) This disambiguation page
Trinitarian_controversy
Second-largest Christian church
Byzantine churches, now the Orthodox. There were doctrinal issues like the filioque clause and the authority of the Pope involved in the split, but these were
Eastern_Orthodox_Church
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 858 to 867 and from 877 to 886
addition of the Filioque to the Nicene Creed by the Western church. Eventually, Photios refused to apologize or accept the Filioque, and the papal legates
Photios_I_of_Constantinople
Italian scholar
treatises against the Latins in which he opposed papal primacy and the filioque doctrine. Emperor Andronicus III sent Barlaam on important diplomatic missions
Barlaam_of_Seminara
Division of the Greco-Roman world and medieval Christendom
and Latin West was focused on three Christian doctrines: 'the so-called filioque controversy regarding the procession of the Holy Spirit, leavened or unleavened
Greek_East_and_Latin_West
ex Patre Filioque procedit. (And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, and giver of life, who from the Father and the Son proceeds.) The word Filioque was first
History of Eastern Orthodox theology
History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology
Visual symbol expressing the Christian Trinity
the two top nodes is more appropriate for Western Christianity with its Filioque. The form of the diagram with one vertex up represents more closely the
Shield_of_the_Trinity
Category of personal growth writing
well as the origins and procession of the Holy Spirit (monoprocessionism, filioque) in the Holy Trinity. Eastern Orthodox Christians believe in the inspiration
Christian devotional literature
Christian_devotional_literature
23 Eastern Christian churches in the Catholic Church
elaborations and usages were identified as, chiefly, the insertion of "Filioque" into the Nicene Creed, the use of unleavened bread for the Eucharist,
Eastern_Catholic_Churches
Orthodox theological position and opposed both the iconoclasts and the filioque. He is considered a saint, commemorated in May 16. Prior to his election
Thomas_I_of_Jerusalem
Federation of Old Catholic churches
this presence. Old Catholics of Utrecht generally refrain from using the filioque in the Nicene Creed and also reject a dogmatic understanding of Purgatory;
Union of Utrecht (Old Catholic)
Union_of_Utrecht_(Old_Catholic)
Ancient Christian doctrine
of a series on Augustinianism Saint Augustine Thoughts Platonic realism Filioque Original sin Augustinian predestination Gift of perseverance Just war theory
Gift_of_perseverance
Bread prepared without raising agents such as yeast
accounted as causes (along with the issues of Petrine supremacy and the filioque in the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed) of the Great Schism of 1054 between
Unleavened_bread
14th-century Greek Palamite theologian
the essence-energies distinction and a series of discourses against the Filioque (the Latin teaching on the procession of the Holy Spirit). Neilos, who
Neilos_Kabasilas
Second person of the Trinity in Christian theology
Divi filius Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament Sons of God Filioque Emery, Gilles (2011). The Trinity: An Introduction to Catholic Doctrine
God_the_Son
Christian apologetic author
Chapters Monoenergism Monothelitism Dyoenergism Dyothelitism Iconoclasm Filioque Paulicianism Bogomilism Hesychasm Eastern Protestantism Traditions Greek
Macarius_Magnes
1439 papal bull reuniting the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches
following. The chief difference revolved around the insertion of the word Filioque (English: and the Son) into the Latin version of the Nicene Creed by the
Bull_of_Union_with_the_Greeks
Sin that does not result in eternal damnation in Hell
Theologies Doctrine God Trinity Father Son Holy Ghost Consubstantialitas Filioque Divinum illud munus Divine law Decalogus Ex Cathedra Deificatio Realms
Venial_sin
Rejection of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity
terminology by the teachings of the Cappadocian Fathers; The addition of the Filioque to the Nicene Creed, as accepted by the Roman Catholic Church. Among proponents
Nontrinitarianism
Major branch of Protestantism
House, 1934. pp. 33–36, Part VI. "The Trinity". The Nicene Creed and the Filioque: A Lutheran Approach by Rev. David Webber for more information Athanasian
Lutheranism
Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church
Theosis Theotokos Differences from the Catholic Church Opposition to the Filioque Opposition to papal supremacy Liturgy and worship Divine Liturgy Divine
Russian_Orthodox_Church
City in Apulia, Italy
intention of reconciling the Eastern and Western Church on the question of the filioque clause in the Creed, which Anselm ably defended, seated at the pope's side
Bari
Events related to the 1054 split of Eastern and Western Churches
questions regarding the procession of the Holy Spirit, and the use of the filioque clause in the Nicene Creed. One of the main ecclesiological issues was
History of the East–West Schism
History_of_the_East–West_Schism
Prayers comprising the liturgical hours
Theologies Doctrine God Trinity Father Son Holy Ghost Consubstantialitas Filioque Divinum illud munus Divine law Decalogus Ex Cathedra Deificatio Realms
Liturgy_of_the_Hours
Identifiable Christian body with common characteristics
major controversy was the inclusion and acceptance in the West of the filioque clause into the Nicene Creed, which the East viewed as erroneous. Another
Christian_denomination
King of Jerusalem from 1163 to 1174
concede to Manuel on theological issues, such as the exclusion of the filioque clause from the Bethlehem church's mosaic inscriptions and the admission
Amalric_of_Jerusalem
Christian monk, theologian, scholar and saint (580–662)
Theosis Theotokos Differences from the Catholic Church Opposition to the Filioque Opposition to papal supremacy Liturgy and worship Divine Liturgy Divine
Maximus_the_Confessor
Adoptionism. At the council held in 809, the Frankish Church adopted the filioque addition in the Creed (which contributed to the East–West Schism), although
Councils_of_Aachen
Belief that there will be no millennial reign of the righteous on Earth
Theologies Doctrine God Trinity Father Son Holy Ghost Consubstantialitas Filioque Divinum illud munus Divine law Decalogus Ex Cathedra Deificatio Realms
Amillennialism
patriarchate of Constantinople (843–846). He was involved in disputes over the filioque clause and over Byzantine iconoclasm, which landed him in prison for the
Michael_Synkellos
Religious trend
Theologies Doctrine God Trinity Father Son Holy Ghost Consubstantialitas Filioque Divinum illud munus Divine law Decalogus Ex Cathedra Deificatio Realms
Charismatic_movement
Calendar year
September 1, 2024 – via New Advent. Siecienski, Anthony Edward (2010). The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy. Oxford University Press. p. 117.
1089
Theosis Theotokos Differences from the Catholic Church Opposition to the Filioque Opposition to papal supremacy Liturgy and worship Divine Liturgy Divine
Timeline of autocephaly of Eastern Orthodox churches
Timeline_of_autocephaly_of_Eastern_Orthodox_churches
Liturgical rite of the Catholic Church and the Anglican Church in Spain and Portugal
Catholicism. The same council also formally introduced the controversial Filioque clause into the Nicene Creed, which would later prove to be an impetus
Mozarabic_Rite
Synod in 794
condemnation of Adoptionism, the council also touched on the addition of Filioque to the Nicene Creed. Discussion about the Byzantine Iconoclasm. The rulings
Council_of_Frankfurt
Christian theological term
Theologies Doctrine God Trinity Father Son Holy Ghost Consubstantialitas Filioque Divinum illud munus Divine law Decalogus Ex Cathedra Deificatio Realms
Beatific_vision
Anglicanism that emphasises its Catholic heritage
of Mary Dogmatic Christian humanism Traditionalism Ecumenical Councils Filioque Immaculate Conception Indulgences Infant baptism Josephology Liturgy Mariology
Anglo-Catholicism
Period of abstinence and penance in Christianity
Theosis Theotokos Differences from the Catholic Church Opposition to the Filioque Opposition to papal supremacy Liturgy and worship Divine Liturgy Divine
Nativity_Fast
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1043 to 1058
issues, ranging from the issue of papal supremacy in the Church to the Filioque clause and other disagreements between the patriarchates.[citation needed]
Michael_I_Cerularius
Christian bishop and theologian (c. 339–397)
4 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2021. Siecienski, A. Edward (2010). The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy. OUP USA. ISBN 978-0-19-537204-5. Archived
Ambrose
Christian statement of belief focused on Trinitarian doctrine and Christology
theological concerns that developed after Athanasius died (including the filioque). It was most widely circulated among Western Christians. The use of the
Athanasian_Creed
13th-century millenarian group
of the Greek church, he especially criticized the Orthodox rejection of filioque as a heresy. According to Joachim, God promising Hezekiah protection in
Joachimites
American Eastern Orthodox priest
Theology and Society. Empirical Theology versus Speculative Theology. The Filioque. Romanides, John S. (2002). The Ancestral Sin. Ridgewood, New Jersey: Zephyr
John_Romanides
Eastern Orthodox Synod (25 Sept.–27 Oct. 1642) convened in Iași
Confession of Mogilas, A.D. 1643. Siecienski, Anthony Edward (2010). The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195372045
Synod_of_Jassy
Calendar year
Pala Empire (India). Council of Aachen (809): Frankish bishops adopt the filioque addition in the Creed. Pope Leo III intervenes, and refuses to recognize
809
Christian denominations which emphasize ritual and form
of Mary Dogmatic Christian humanism Traditionalism Ecumenical Councils Filioque Immaculate Conception Indulgences Infant baptism Josephology Liturgy Mariology
High_church
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