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Study of the oldest crustal fragments on Earth
Eoarchean geology is the study of the oldest preserved crustal fragments of Earth during the Eoarchean era from 4.031 to 3.6 billion years ago. Major well-preserved
Eoarchean_geology
First era of the Archean Eon
The Eoarchean (IPA: /ˌiːoʊ.ɑːrˈkiːən/ EE-oh-ar-KEE-ən; also spelled Eoarchaean) is the first era of the Archean Eon of the geologic record. It spans 431
Eoarchean
System that relates geologic strata to time
The geologic time scale or geological time scale describes how geologic time is divided into standardised intervals. It uses the rock record together
Geologic_time_scale
Third and last period of the Mesozoic Era
The Cretaceous (IPA: /krɪˈteɪʃəs/ krih-TAY-shəss) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 Ma (million years ago). It is the third and
Cretaceous
Sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era
The Permian (/ˈpɜːrmi.ən/ PUR-mee-ən) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years, from the end of the Carboniferous Period
Permian
Fragment of Earth's crust
Hadean Eon). It later experienced numerous geological events between 3.8 and 1.85 billion years ago (the Eoarchean to Paleoproterozoic Era), including recurring
Eastern Block of the North China Craton
Eastern_Block_of_the_North_China_Craton
Geologic sequence in Quebec, Canada
International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) included the 'Hadean to Eoarchean Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt' in its assemblage of 100 'geological heritage sites'
Nuvvuagittuq_Greenstone_Belt
Study of the geological history of Earth
Historical geology or palaeogeology is a discipline that uses the principles and methods of geology to reconstruct the geological history of Earth. Historical
Historical_geology
First subperiod of the Carboniferous Period
Carboniferous or Early Carboniferous, is a subperiod in the geologic timescale or a subsystem of the geologic record. It is the earlier of two subperiods of the
Mississippian_(geology)
Continental crustal block in China, Inner Mongolia, the Yellow Sea, and North Korea
per carat. Archean subduction Eastern Block of North China Craton Eoarchean geology Western Block of North China Craton a.^Ga is the short form for billion
North_China_Craton
Second subperiod of the Carboniferous
also known as Upper Carboniferous or Late Carboniferous) is, on the ICS geologic timescale, the younger of two subperiods of the Carboniferous Period (or
Pennsylvanian_(geology)
Second period of the Mesozoic Era
The Jurassic (/dʒʊˈræsɪk/ juurr-ASS-ik) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that lasted about 58.3 million years, spanning from the end of the
Jurassic
Fourth period of the Paleozoic Era
The Devonian (/dəˈvoʊni.ən, dɛ-/ də-VOH-nee-ən, deh-) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era during the Phanerozoic eon, spanning 60.7 million
Devonian
Second period of the Paleozoic Era
(/ɔːrdəˈvɪʃi.ən, -doʊ-, -ˈvɪʃən/ or-də-VISH-ee-ən, -doh-, -VISH-ən) is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era, and
Ordovician
rocks belonging to different geologic periods, dating as far back as the Eoarchean Era. Some of the rocks are very deformed and altered. Other deposits include
Geology_of_India
First geological period of the Paleozoic Era
The Cambrian ( /ˈkæmbri.ən, ˈkeɪm-/ KAM-bree-ən, KAYM-) is the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era and the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted
Cambrian
Intrusive rocks with typical granitic composition
produced by magma differentiation. Acasta Gneiss Archean subduction Eoarchean geology J. D., Winter (2013). Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology
Tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite
Tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite
Geologic eon, 4567–4031 million years ago
Windley, BF; Kusky, T; Polat, A (2021). "Onset of plate tectonics by the Eoarchean". Precambrian Res. 352 105980. Bibcode:2021PreR..35205980W. doi:10.1016/j
Hadean
then it could be common in the universe." c. 4,031 Ma – Archean Eon and Eoarchean Era start. Possible first appearance of plate tectonic activity in the
Timeline_of_Earth
First period of the Mesozoic Era
The Triassic (/traɪˈæsɪk/; sometimes symbolized as 🝈) is a geologic period and a stratigraphic system that spans 50.5 million years from the end of the
Triassic
Geologic eon, 4031–2500 million years ago
November 2022. Borgeat, Xavier; Tackley, Paul J. (12 July 2022). "Hadean/Eoarchean tectonics and mantle mixing induced by impacts: a three-dimensional study"
Archean
Felsic volcanic rocks formed in the Archean Eon
Altered feldspars in the rocks may result in such anomalous signatures. Eoarchean geology Tectonic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt Giles, Christopher
Archean_felsic_volcanic_rocks
Archean greenstone belt in southwestern Greenland
Hugh (2022). "No plate tectonics necessary to explain Eoarchean rocks at Isua (Greenland)". Geology. 50 (2): 147–151. Bibcode:2022Geo....50..147R. doi:10
Isua_Greenstone_Belt
Total strata deposited during a geologic era
and the Eoarchean, for which a lower (oldest) limit is undefined. Body form European Mammal Neogene Geologic time scale New Zealand geologic time scale
Erathem
Formation A’ertenghala Formation Xiheli Formation Xihui Formation Zhang, Shouxin (2009). Geological Formation Names of China. p. 1. ISBN 978-3540-93823-1.
List of Chinese geological formations
List_of_Chinese_geological_formations
Metamorphic rock unit in Canada
metamorphosed, intruded by additional felsic magma, and partially melted during Eoarchean thermal events occurred about 3.85 to 3.72 Ga and 3.66 to 3.59 Ga. The
Acasta_Gneiss
Third period of the Paleozoic Era
The Silurian (/sɪˈljʊəri.ən, saɪ-/ sih-LURE-ee-ən, sy-) is a geologic period and system spanning 23.5 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period
Silurian
History of Earth 4600–539 million years ago
Earth's geologic time. The Precambrian is an informal unit of geologic time, subdivided into three eons (Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic) of the geologic time
Precambrian
Hypothesized astronomical event
billion years (Ga) ago, at a time corresponding to the Neohadean and Eoarchean eras on Earth. According to the hypothesis, during this interval, a disproportionately
Late_Heavy_Bombardment
Third and last era of the Proterozoic Eon
The Neoproterozoic is the last of the three geologic eras of the Proterozoic eon, spanning from 1 billion to 538.8 million years ago, and is the last era
Neoproterozoic
Period in Earth's history
its geological history, from its initial formation in the young Solar System at about 4.55 billion years ago (Gya), to the end of the Eoarchean era at
Early_Earth
Geologic eon, 2500–539 million years ago
of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, spanning the time interval from 2500 to 538.8 Ma, and is the longest eon of Earth's geologic time scale.
Proterozoic
Movement of Earth's lithosphere
Windley, BF; Kusky, T; Polat, A (2021). "Onset of plate tectonics by the Eoarchean". Precambrian Research. 352 105980. Bibcode:2021PreR..35205980W. doi:10
Plate_tectonics
Oldest-surviving crustal material from the Hadean eon
Sprung, Guitreau, & Blichert-Toft. (2013). Inherited 142Nd anomalies in Eoarchean protoliths. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 361, 50–57. Harrison
Hadean_zircon
Precambrian Hadean (or hadaeozoic[citation needed]) Archean (or archaeozoic) Eoarchean Paleoarchean Mesoarchean Neoarchean Proterozoic Paleoproterozoic Siderian
List_of_time_periods
Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere located in Pilbara, Western Australia
Regionalisation for Australia based upon interacting geo-ecosystems Based on geology alone where the eastern continuous oldest portion is called the Eastern
Pilbara_Craton
Landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton
In geology, a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass. However, some geologists
Supercontinent
Second epoch of the Devonian period
In the geological timescale, the Middle Devonian epoch (from 393.47 ± 0.99 million years ago to 382.31 ± 1.36 million years ago) occurred during the Devonian
Middle_Devonian
Second era of the Archean Eon
also spelled Palaeoarchaean (formerly known as the early Archean), is a geologic era within the Archean Eon. The name derives from Greek "Palaios" ancient
Paleoarchean
Records of Earth's development
period on the geological scale. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era, after
History_of_Earth
Earliest subdivision of the Quaternary Period
The Gelasian is an age in the international geologic timescale or a stage in chronostratigraphy, being the earliest or lowest subdivision of the Quaternary
Gelasian
Second stage of the Carboniferous
The Visean, Viséan or Visian is an age in the ICS geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the second stage of the Mississippian
Viséan
Fifth period of the Paleozoic Era
The Carboniferous (/ˌkɑːrbəˈnɪfərəs/ KAR-bə-NIF-ər-əs) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era that spans 60 million years, from the end of
Carboniferous
Hypothetical Archaean supercontinent from about 3.1 billion years ago
"A history of continents in the past three billion years". Journal of Geology. 104 (1): 91–107, Chicago. Bibcode:1996JG....104...91R. doi:10.1086/629803
Ur_(continent)
Seventh and final stage of the Carboniferous
The Gzhelian (/ˈʒɛli.ən/ ZHELL-ee-ən) is an age in the ICS geologic time scale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest stage of the
Gzhelian
Second era of the Phanerozoic Eon
The Mesozoic Era is an era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about 252 to 66 million years ago, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous
Mesozoic
Fifth stage of Cambrian and first stage of the Miaolingian
Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz, G. M. Ogg. "The Geologic Time Scale 2012". The Geologic Time Scale. Archived from the original on 2013-10-21.{{cite
Wuliuan
Sixth and last age of the Early Cretaceous
The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower
Albian
Third stage of the Carboniferous
The Serpukhovian is in the ICS geologic timescale the uppermost stage or youngest age of the Mississippian, the lower subsystem of the Carboniferous. The
Serpukhovian
Area of ancient rocks in northwest Canada
which indicates that crustal reworking was an important process in the Eoarchean. Zircons from this granite protolith shows similarities to zircons from
Slave_Craton
First era of the Proterozoic Eon
the Earth's geological history, spanning from 2,500 to 1,600 million years ago (2.5–1.6 Ga). It is further subdivided into four geologic periods, namely
Paleoproterozoic
First era of the Phanerozoic Eon
PAL-ee-ə-ZOH-ik, -ee-oh-, PAY-; or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. Beginning 538.8 million years ago (Ma), it
Paleozoic
Second era of the Proterozoic Eon
The Mesoproterozoic Era is a geologic era that occurred from 1,600 to 1,000 million years ago. The Mesoproterozoic was the first era of Earth's history
Mesoproterozoic
Second age of the Oligocene Epoch
The Chattian is, in the geologic timescale, the younger of two ages or upper of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 27
Chattian
Jianhua; Fogel, Marilyn L. (October 2010). "Ancient graphite in the Eoarchean quartz-pyroxene rocks from Akilia in southern West Greenland II: Isotopic
Earliest_known_life_forms
for time spans in the geologic timescale and units of chronostratigraphy. Since many of the smallest subdivisions of the geologic timescale were in the
List_of_geochronologic_names
Continental flood basalts and oceanic plateaus
eruptions Paleontologists often refer to faunal stages rather than geologic (geological) periods. The stage nomenclature is quite complex. For an excellent
List of flood basalt provinces
List_of_flood_basalt_provinces
Fifth stage of the Carboniferous
The Moscovian is in the ICS geologic timescale a stage or age in the Pennsylvanian, the youngest subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Moscovian age lasted
Moscovian_age
Variety and variability of life forms
life dates at least from 3.7 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean
Biodiversity
uppermost part of the Coal Measures of Great Britain). In the official geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), the Westphalian
Westphalian_(stage)
Stephen J.; Watson, E. Bruce; Cherniak, Daniele J. (2024). "Possible Eoarchean Records of the Geomagnetic Field Preserved in the Isua Supracrustal Belt
Earth's_magnetic_field
History of Continents in the past Three Billion Years". The Journal of Geology. 104 (1): 91–107. Bibcode:1996JG....104...91R. doi:10.1086/629803. ISSN 0022-1376
Chronology_of_continents
First age of the late Jurassic
The Oxfordian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the earliest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch, or the lowest stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans
Oxfordian_age
First age of the Middle Ordovician epoch
Formation. The Dapingian overlaps with the upper part of the Arenig, a geologic stage used in England. It is also equivalent to the lower part of the North
Dapingian
Third planet from the Sun
4,030 Ma, although zircons have been found preserved as clasts within Eoarchean sedimentary rocks that give ages up to 4,400 Ma, indicating that at least
Earth
Second and last age of the Terreneuvian Epoch
isotope stratigraphy and the problem of a pre-Tommotian stage in Siberia". Geological Magazine. 138 (4): 387–396. Bibcode:2001GeoM..138..387K. doi:10.1017/S0016756801005684
Cambrian_Stage_2
Unnamed third stage of the Cambrian
Archived from the original on 2023-09-26. "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Geologic Timescale Foundation. Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved
Cambrian_Stage_3
Life arising from non-living matter
Dalby, K. N.; Mackenzie, D. M. A.; Rosing, M.T. (2017). "Elements of Eoarchean life trapped in mineral inclusions". Nature. 548 (7665): 78–81. Bibcode:2017Natur
Abiogenesis
Sixth stage of the Carboniferous
Kasimovian is a geochronologic age or chronostratigraphic stage in the ICS geologic timescale. It is the third stage in the Pennsylvanian (late Carboniferous)
Kasimovian
First stage of Cambrian Period
2012. Archived from the original on 2024-03-17. "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Geologic Timescale Foundation. Archived from the original on 2023-10-08.
Fortunian
First stage of the Carboniferous
The Tournaisian is in the ICS geologic timescale the lowest stage or oldest age of the Mississippian, the oldest subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Tournaisian
Tournaisian
Fourth and final epoch and series of the Cambrian
the central conasauga River Valley, North Georgia, USA". Southeastern Geology. 49 (1): 31–41. Archived from the original on 2023-05-07. Yiying Deng,
Furongian
Hypothesis that complex extraterrestrial life is improbable and extremely rare
Jahandar; Maloof, Adam C. (2020). "Reevaluating the evidence for a Hadean-Eoarchean dynamo". Science Advances. 6 (15) eaav9634. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.9634B
Rare_Earth_hypothesis
subdivision (a series or epoch) of the Carboniferous system or period in the geologic timescale of western and central Europe. It was named for Silesia, a region
Silesian_(series)
Second age of the Furongian epoch
also known as Bestogai Formation. In 2021, the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) proposed to deny the use of specific points and replace
Jiangshanian
R.T., 2023. Metallic lead (Pb) nanospheres discovered in Hadean and Eoarchean zircon crystals at Jack Hills Kusiak, M.A., Kovaleva, E., Vanderliek,
Monika_Agnieszka_Kusiak
Seventh stage of the Cambrian and third stage of the Miaolingian
Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga) Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga) Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga) Hadean Eon (4–4.6 Ga) ka = kiloannum (thousand years ago);
Guzhangian
Second age of the Miaolingian epoch
Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga) Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga) Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga) Hadean Eon (4–4.6 Ga) ka = kiloannum (thousand years ago);
Drumian
Third epoch of the Cambrian period
subprovince in Murero (NE Spain) and its intercontinental correlation". Geological Journal. 48 (2–3): 142–155. doi:10.1002/gj.1330. S2CID 129084517. Arne
Miaolingian
stratigraphic sections of rock which define the lower boundaries of stages on the geologic time scale. They are selected by the International Commission on Stratigraphy
List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points
List_of_Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Sections_and_Points
Final stage of the Cambrian Period
Yakutia, was also proposed in 2011. The ICS is still discussing which geological section and biostratigraphic marker will be used to define the base of
Cambrian_Stage_10
Ethnic group
Retrieved 31 October 2017. M. Rosing; et al. (3 August 2017). "Elements of Eoarchean life trapped in mineral inclusions". Nature. 548 (7665): 78–81. Bibcode:2017Natur
Greenlandic_people_in_Denmark
Unnamed 2nd series of the Cambrian
Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga) Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga) Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga) Hadean Eon (4–4.6 Ga) ka = kiloannum (thousand years ago);
Cambrian_Series_2
Stage of the Cambrian period
5) between South China and the Mediterranean region". GFF. 136 (1/2). Geological Society of Sweden: 314–319. Bibcode:2014GFF...136..314Y. doi:10.1080/11035897
Cambrian_Stage_4
Change in the heritable traits of populations
Earth dates from at least 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean
Evolution
Third stage of the Carboniferous
the lower and middle Coal Measures of Great Britain). In the official geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), the Namurian
Namurian
Second and last age of the Early Ordovician epoch
Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 2024-06-13. "GSSP for Floian Stage". Geologic TimeScale Foundation. Archived from the original on 2024-04-16. Bergström
Floian
Series of rocks from the Lower Carboniferous
equal to the lower part of the Mississippian series in the international geologic timescale of the ICS. The Dinantian is named for the Belgian city of Dinant
Dinantian
Lowest stage of Ordovician
Furongian-Tremadocian mantle plume activity fringing NW Gondwana?". International Geology Review. 66 (10): 1956–1970. doi:10.1080/00206814.2023.2263787.{{cite journal}}:
Tremadocian
First age of the Furongian epoch
Implications for the late Cambrian SPICE event". Marine and Petroleum Geology. 150 (3) 106146. Bibcode:2023MarPG.15006146X. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2023
Paibian
associations with Saint Stephen) where strata of this age occur. In the official geologic timescale of the ICS, the Stephanian is placed within the Pennsylvanian
Stephanian_(stage)
Retrieved 31 October 2017. M. Rosing; et al. (3 August 2017). "Elements of Eoarchean life trapped in mineral inclusions". Nature. 548 (7665): 78–81. Bibcode:2017Natur
Culture_of_Denmark
Second stage of the Upper Ordovician
183–195. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2006/v29i3/004. "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Geologic Timescale Foundation. Retrieved 2 December 2012. Bergström, Stig; Finney
Katian
First age of the Late Ordovician epoch
18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i4/002. Retrieved 13 December 2020. "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Geologic Timescale Foundation. Retrieved 2 December 2012. Bergström, Stig; Finney
Sandbian
Third and last age of the Late Ordovician epoch
Ordovician-Silurian) mass extinction event represents the second largest such event in geologic history. Approximately 85% of marine (sea-dwelling) species died. Only
Hirnantian
Second and last age of the Middle Ordovician epoch
global stratotype sections and points". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 532 (1). The Geological Society of London: 13–30. Bibcode:2023GSLSP
Darriwilian
Marine bacteria and Marine Archaea
Earth dates from at least 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean
Marine_prokaryotes
Variety of life within South Africa and its exclusive economic zone
Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean
Biodiversity_of_South_Africa
Organisms that live in salt water
Earth dates from at least 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean
Marine_life
Dunkley; Monika A. Kusiak; Simon A. Wilde (2019). "On the true antiquity of Eoarchean chemofossils – assessing the claim for Earth's oldest biogenic graphite
2019_in_paleontology
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