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Second epoch of the Devonian period
timescale, the Middle Devonian epoch (from 393.47 ± 0.99 million years ago to 382.31 ± 1.36 million years ago) occurred during the Devonian period, after
Middle_Devonian
Fourth period of the Paleozoic Era
forming extensive coal forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of vascular plants had evolved leaves and true roots
Devonian
Second of the big five mass extinctions
stark that it would take until the Mesozoic for reefs to recover their Middle Devonian extent. Mesozoic and modern reefs are based on scleractinian ("stony")
Late_Devonian_mass_extinction
Extinct class of corals
(Suborder Cystiphyllina) Nicholson, 1889 (Middle Ordovician – Middle Devonian) Order Stauriida Verrill, 1865 (Middle Ordovician – Late Permian) Suborder Arachnophyllina
Rugosa
Geology of Scottish islands
overlying Middle Devonian lacustrine Lower Stromness Flagstones is an angular unconformity. Most of the Old Red Sandstone of Orkney is Middle Devonian. The
Geology_of_Orkney
First epoch/series of the Devonian
The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1
Early_Devonian
Period of rapid plant and fungal diversification, 428–359 million years ago
The Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution (SDTR), also known as the Devonian Plant Explosion (DePE) and the Devonian explosion, was a period of rapid
Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution
Silurian-Devonian_Terrestrial_Revolution
Extinct genus of trilobites
Kolihapeltis is a genus of trilobite that lived from the Early Devonian to the Middle Devonian. Its remains have been found in Africa and Europe. Evolving
Kolihapeltis
Extinct species of jawless fish
Achanarras Quarry in Scotland, of which the name is derived, dating to the Middle Devonian. The only known species in the genus is Achanarella trewini. Achanarella
Achanarella
Sedimentary basin of Devonian age in Scotland, UK
lithostratigraphic terms lower, middle and upper ORS, however, do not necessarily match exactly with sediments of lower, middle and upper Devonian age, as the base of
Orcadian_Basin
(2004). "Diplacanthid acanthodians from the Aztec Siltstone (late Middle Devonian) of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica". Fossils and Strata. 50: 23–43
List_of_acanthodian_genera
Use of a particular fossil class to identify stratigraphy
by the Emsian, which lasts until the Middle Devonian begins, 393.3± 2.7 million years ago. The Middle Devonian comprises two subdivisions, the Eifelian
Conodont_biostratigraphy
Paleozoic plant family
been found in Siberia, Poland, and Brazil. The fossils date to the Middle Devonian-Carboniferous, lower Carboniferous (Dinantian), and the lower Permian
Archaeocalamitaceae
marine-fed tidal or lagoonal unit that dates to the Eifelian Stage of the Middle Devonian, approximately 395 million years ago based on conodont fossils and
Early_tetrapod_trackways
Genus of annelid worms
("Webster's saw") is a genus of eunicidan polychaete that lived during the middle Devonian period in what is now Canada. It contains a single species, W. armstrongi
Websteroprion
North American orogeny
mountain building event that began in the Middle Devonian and reached its climax during the Late Devonian. It was active for approximately 50 million
Acadian_orogeny
Extinct genus of jawless fishes
the Middle Devonian of Scotland. Cornovichthys is also classified as a rare agnathan and shares similarities with the fauna found in the Late Devonian Escuminac
Cornovichthys
Extinct genus of tree
extinct genus of tree, or "tree-sized plant", that was extant in the Middle Devonian period. As of 2024, a well-preserved fossilized forest of Calamophyton
Calamophyton
Fifth stage of the devonian and second stage of the Middle Devonian
The Givetian is one of two faunal stages in the Middle Devonian Period. It lasted from 387.95 million years ago to 382.31 million years ago. It was preceded
Givetian
Genus of jawless fishes
Blieckaspis priscillae is a pteraspidid heterostracan agnathan from the Middle Devonian of North America. Blieckaspis priscillae was originally described by
Blieckaspis
Extinct genus of ferns
revealed in 2007) in Schoharie County, New York, of fossils from the Middle Devonian about 385 million years ago united the crown of Wattieza to a root
Wattieza
Extinct genus of placoderm fish
in many parts of the world in marine sediments dating from the Middle to Late Devonian. They were medium-to-large fish, with specimens E. pustulosus and
Eastmanosteus
Geologic formation in Michigan, Ohio and Ontario
Michigan, Ohio and Ontario. It preserves fossils dating back to the Middle Devonian. The Dundee Limestone is named after Dundee, the area where the original
Dundee_Limestone
Extinct genus of fishes
as Heterostius) is an extinct genus of heterosteid placoderm of the Middle Devonian known from remains discovered in Europe and Greenland. According to
Heterosteus
Phylum of marine animals also known as lamp shells
the Middle Devonian of Wisconsin. Brachiopod casts in the Lock Haven Formation Hercosestria cribrosa Cooper & Grant 1969 (Roadian, Guadalupian, Middle Permian);
Brachiopod
Genus of lichid Trilobite
Ceratarges is a genus of lichid Trilobite from the Middle to late Devonian. It lived in what is now western Europe and Morocco. It averaged around 10
Ceratarges
Extinct genus of brachiopods
extinct genus of brachiopods. The fossils are present in the Middle and Upper Devonian. It is likely that Tenticospirifer, that itself appeared during
Cyrtospirifer
Evolution of fish
evolution of fishes. The Devonian period is broken into the Early, Middle and Late stages. By the start of the Early Devonian 419 mya, jawed fishes had
Timeline_of_fish_evolution
Extinct family of plants
The Aneurophytaceae are an extinct family of Progymnosperms belonging to the Aneurophytales "IRMNG - Aneurophytaceae †". www.irmng.org. Retrieved 2025-12-19
Aneurophytaceae
Extinct family of jawless fishes
body. Fossils are known from the Lower Silurian and Middle Devonian of Scotland, and the Upper Devonian of Canada. In particular, Euphanerops is unique in
Euphaneropidae
Extinct genus of trilobites
Aayemenaytcheia paragranulata is a Middle Devonian proetid trilobite. The genus name is the vocalisation of the acronym AMNH of the American Museum of
Aayemenaytcheia
Extinct genus of fishes
Rhamphodopsis is a genus of extinct ptyctodont placoderm from the Middle Devonian Old Red Sandstone of Scotland. There are two species of Rhamphodopsis
Rhamphodopsis
Genus of trilobites
the order Phacopida, family Phacopidae, known from the late Middle and earliest Upper Devonian of Morocco and the USA. Like in all sighted Phacopina, the
Eldredgeops
Clade of tetrapodomorphs
appear in the late Middle Devonian or in the early Late Devonian. However, a series of trace fossils from the early Middle Devonian of Poland suggests
Elpistostegalia
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes
('middle spine') is an extinct genus of acanthodian fish from the lower to middle Devonian Scotland. It is among the more primitive of the Devonian acanthodians
Mesacanthus
Fourth stage of the Devonian and first stage of the Middle Devonian
The Eifelian is the first of two faunal stages in the Middle Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 393.47 ± 0.99 million years ago to 387.95 ± 1.04 million years
Eifelian
Northern landmass that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent
them confined to a large embayment west of the Appalachians. By the Middle Devonian, these two provinces had been united into one and the closure of the
Laurasia
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes
Mcmurdodontidae. It contains one species, Mcmurdodus featherensis, from the Middle Devonian of Antarctica. The Australian species M. whitei was previously included
Mcmurdodus
Extinct genus of trilobites
Chamaeleoaspis is a genus of tiny trilobites found in Early to Middle Eifelian marine strata of Africa and Europe. The two species look very similar to
Chamaeleoaspis
Extinct genus of plants
Pertica is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Early to Middle Devonian (around 420 to 380 million years ago). It has been placed in the "trimerophytes"
Pertica
Extinct genus of trilobite
Evolution and Extinction in the Last Harpetid Trilobites During the Late Devonian (Frasnian)". Palaeontology. 52 (1): 11–33. Bibcode:2009Palgy..52...11M
Lioharpes
The Beaverhill Lake Group is a geologic unit of Middle Devonian to Late Devonian (late Givetian to Frasnian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
Beaverhill_Lake_Group
Extinct genus of bony fishes
fish from Europe and North America. They existed from the Middle Devonian to the Late Devonian (around 397.5 to 360 mya). The name comes from Greek for
Laccognathus
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes
Gladbachus is a possible genus of extinct chondrichthyan from the Middle Devonian Lower Plattenkalk of Germany. The holotype, UMZC 2000.32, was discovered
Gladbachus
Extinct family of tetrapodomorphs
tetrapodomorphs living throughout the Middle and Late Devonian. They first appeared in the Eifelian stage of the Middle Devonian. Within the group sizes ranged
Tristichopteridae
Genus of trilobites
Paralejurus is a genus of trilobite from the Late Silurian to the Middle Devonian of Africa and Europe. These animals, up to nine centimeters long, had
Paralejurus
Extinction event in the Middle Devonian
about 386 million years ago during the Givetian faunal stage of the Middle Devonian geologic period in the Paleozoic era. It was caused by hypoxia from
Taghanic_event
Extinct class of vascular plants
opposite). The stratigraphically oldest known examples belong to the Middle Devonian order the Aneurophytales, with forms such as Protopteridium, in which
Progymnosperm
Extant subclass of cephalopods
Rutoceratid nautiloid from the middle Devonian of the United States Lorieroceras was a bizarre oncocerid nautiloid from the Devonian that possessed a helically
Nautiloid
Clade of the first four-limbed vertebrates and their descendants
lobe-finned fish (sarcopterygians) around 390 million years ago in the Middle Devonian period. Early tetrapodomorphs were transitional between lobe-finned
Tetrapod
Middle Devonian age unit of sedimentary rock
The Marcellus Formation or the Marcellus Shale is a Middle Devonian age unit of sedimentary rock found in eastern North America. Named for a distinctive
Marcellus_Formation
Extinct order of molluscs
would become Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America during the Devonian from about the lower boundary of Zlichovian stage (corresponding to late
Agoniatitida
Extinct genus of jawless fishes
jawless fish. It existed from the Lochkovian to Eifelian epochs of the Devonian period in areas that are now the Americas and Europe. Like other heterostracan
Pteraspis
Extinct order of brachiopods
Acrotretoidea. They lived from the Lower Cambrian to the Middle Devonian, rapidly diversifying during the middle Cambrian. In the upper Cambrian, linguliforms reached
Acrotretida
Extinct genus of fishes
Givetian-Famennian (Middle-Late Devonian): Endemism-cosmopolitanism spectrum as an indicator of interprovincial faunal exchanges". Palaeoworld. Middle Palaeozoic
Grossaspis
Genus of ammonoid cephalopods belongs to Acanthoclymeniidae family
Acanthoclymeniidae family. Species belonging to this genus lived in middle and late Devonian (upper Givetian - lower Frasnian). Its fossils were found in Europe
Acanthoclymenia
Extinct superfamily of crinoids
Gasterocomacea is an extinct superfamily of crinoids from the Middle to Late Devonian. Gasterocomacea in the Paleobiology Database Wikispecies has information
Gasterocomacea
Geologic formation of Givetian age
Formation, also known as the Prairie Formation, is a geologic formation of Middle Devonian (Givetian) age that consists primarily of halite (rock salt) and other
Prairie_Evaporite_Formation
Paleontological discovery in Poland
The Zachelmie trackways are a series of Middle Devonian-age trace fossils in Poland, purportedly the oldest evidence of terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods)
Zachelmie_trackways
Extinct genus of liverworts
Metzgeriothallus sharonae is the oldest known liverwort fossil, dating to the Middle Devonian. It is a simple, thalloid organism. M. metzgerioides is known from
Metzgeriothallus
Extinct family of molluscs
would be North America and Europe from the Late Ordovician through the Middle Devonian from about 480–390 mya, existing for approximately 90 million years
Dawsonoceratidae
Lake formed as a result of subsidence related to movement on faults within a rift zone
Basin, in northern Scotland, had rift lakes that formed during the Middle Devonian. Rift Valley lakes, eastern Africa Lake Tanganyika, part of Albertine
Rift_lake
Extinct genus of fishes
bothriolepids. Specimens range in age from the Lower Devonian Late Emsian Stage (393.3 Ma) to the Middle Devonian Upper Givetian Stage (382.7 Ma). They are characterized
Microbrachius
Extinct order of trees
plants belonging to Progymnospermae, and dominant forest trees of the Late Devonian. They reproduced with spores rather than seeds. They were the evolutionary
Archaeopteridales
Extinct class of ferns
lateral branches were attached. Fossils of these plants originate in the Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous periods (around 390 to 320 million years ago)
Cladoxylopsida
Extinct family of trees
belonging to Progymnospermae, and were dominant forest trees of the Late Devonian. Taylor, Edith L.; Taylor, Thomas N.; Krings, Michael (2009). Paleobotany:
Archaeopteridaceae
Extinct order of molluscs
Agoniatitida during the Middle Devonian some 390 million years ago (around Eifelian stage). Goniatites (goniatitids) survived the Late Devonian extinction to flourish
Goniatite
Genus of vascular plants
occurrence records of A. germanicum and A. doui which occur in Middle Devonian and Upper Devonian (late Eifelian to Famennian) outcrops in Belgium, China (in
Aneurophyton
Genus of trilobites
'dikranon', a pitchfork, and 'oura', tail) is a genus of Lower to Middle Devonian odontopleurid trilobites that lived in a shallow sea that lay between
Dicranurus
Extinct order of animals
fauna failed to find reliable occurrences of microconchids in the Middle Devonian to Early Permian time interval because microconchids seem to co-occur
Microconchida
Extinct genus of bony fishes
"claw-tooth") is a genus of prehistoric lobe-finned fish which lived during the Devonian Period (Eifelian - Famennian stages, around 374 to 397 million years ago)
Onychodus
Geological formation in Latvia
The Gauja Formation is a Middle Devonian fossil locality in Estonia and Latvia. It is named after the Gauja River, where it is exposed along the banks
Gauja_Formation
Class of extinct, Paleozoic arthropods
to Late Silurian) Paralejurus (Early Devonian) Lioharpes (Early-Middle Devonian) Phacops (Middle to Late Devonian) The Proetida, the only trilobite order
Trilobite
Genus of Devonian trilobites
spinose phacopid trilobite, of the family Acastidae, found in Lower to Middle Devonian age rocks from the Anti-Atlas Mountains of Morocco. All species of
Walliserops
Extinct genus of fishes
eel-like coelacanth known from the Devonian of Europe. It contains a single species, H. nudus, known from the Middle Devonian (Givetian)-aged Oberer Plattenkalk
Holopterygius
Geologic formation in Texas, US
exposed in the Franklin Mountains near El Paso, Texas. The formation is Middle Devonian in age. The Canutillo Formation consists of about 15 feet (4.6 m) of
Canutillo_Formation
Extinct genus of crinoids
Cupressocrinites is an extinct genus of crinoids from the Middle to Late Devonian of Asia, Australia, Europe, Morocco, and North America. Palmer, Douglas;
Cupressocrinites
Extinct paraphyletic class of fishes
highly successful inhabitants of Middle-Late Devonian freshwater and shallow marine habitats, with the Middle to Late Devonian genus, Bothriolepis, known from
Placoderm
Extinct family of crinoids
Cupressocrinitidae is an extinct family of crinoid from the Middle to Late Devonian. Cupressocrinites is a representative of this family. Bohatý, J. (2006)
Cupressocrinitidae
Geological formation in Brazil
Pimenteira Formation, also known as Pimenteiras Formation, is an Mid to Late Devonian geological formation of the Parnaíba Basin, northeastern Brazil. It mainly
Pimenteira_Formation
Class of echinoderms
2014-04-06. Gahn, Forest J.; Baumiller, Tomasz K. (2003). "Infestation of Middle Devonian (Givetian) camerate crinoids by platyceratid gastropods and its implications
Crinoid
Extinct genus of trilobites
Archegonus is a genus of proetid trilobite that was endemic from the Middle Devonian period to the Carboniferous period in Europe and Southern China. †A
Archegonus
Extinct genus of ray-finned fishes
known: †C. aleshkai Plax, 2020 - Middle Devonian (Eifelian) of Belarus †C. bychovensis Plax, 2022 - Middle Devonian (Emsian & Eifelian) of Belarus †C
Cheirolepis
Extinct genus of trilobites
trilobite in the order Phacopida. They lived from the Late Ordovician to Middle Devonian. It was named for the Swedish naturalist Johan Wilhelm Dalman. The
Dalmanites
Extinct subclass of crinoids
Camerata Temporal range: Middle Ordovician–Late Permian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Rhodocrinus serpens, a sea lily of the family Rhodocrinidae, 16mm measured
Camerata_(crinoid)
Bioevent or series of events that occurred close to the end of the Eifelian Age
of events that occurred close to the end of the Eifelian age of the Middle Devonian period. It involved a global eustatic rise in sea level and ecological
Kačák_event
Extinct genus of trilobites
trilobites in the order Phacopida, family Phacopidae, that lived during the Middle Devonian, and is known from North and South America (Bolivia, Floresta Formation
Viaphacops
M.; Zhu, M. (2026). "A new quasipetalichthyid placoderm from the Middle Devonian of China". Papers in Paleontology. 12 (5) e70124. Bibcode:2026PPal
2026_in_paleoichthyology
Extinct genus of jawless fishes
Bardasheva, 2012. which is preoccupied. Muellerina idrisovi is from the Middle Devonian (Givetian) of Tajikistan. I. A. Bardashev; N. P. Bardasheva (2012)
Muellerilepis
Extinct genus of fishes
pteron 'wing') is an extinct genus of freshwater lungfish from the middle Devonian period of Europe and potentially North America. The genus was established
Dipterus
Extinct genus of pseudoscorpions
lived in the Panther Mountain Formation of New York State during the Middle Devonian period. The genus contains a single species, Dracochela deprehendor
Dracochela
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes
three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland". Palaeontologia Electronica. 23 (1): 1–43. doi:10.26879/1035
Cheiracanthus
Extinct genus of trilobites
Lower-Middle Devonian, spanning approximately 21 million years. It was described by Goldfuss in 1843. Gerastos has been found in the Devonian of Belgium
Gerastos
Extinct family of fishes
China, Antarctica, and Australia. The family lasted from the Early to Middle Devonian. Antarctaspidae was erected in the description of the genus Antarctaspis
Antarctaspidae
Västergötland), the United Kingdom, and the United States (New York) Devonian Algeria, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay, Colombia (Floresta Formation, Altiplano
Homalonotus
Genus of phacopid trilobites
many trilobites of the family Phacopidae they occur throughout the Middle Devonian strata of southern Morocco, what then would have been part of the northern
Morocops
Paraphyletic group of tetrapodomorphs
group evolved from elpistostegalian fish in the late Devonian, or possibly in the middle Devonian. They continued to thrive as denizens of swampland and
Ichthyostegalia
Fossil locality in Victoria, Australia
Middle Devonian epoch, though it was once considered Frasnian in age. The fauna of Mount Howitt represents a well-preserved and quite diverse Middle Devonian
Mount_Howitt_fossil_site
Extinct genus of fishes
Davison R.G. (1999). "Lake-level changes, sedimentation and faunas in a Middle Devonian basin-margin fish bed". Journal of the Geological Society. 156 (3):
Coccosteus
Extinct family of fishes
M.; Zhu, M. (2026). "A new quasipetalichthyid placoderm from the Middle Devonian of China". Papers in Paleontology. 12 (5) e70124. doi:10.1002/spp2
Quasipetalichthyidae
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