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language is empty if its set of valid sentences is the empty set. The emptiness problem is the question of determining whether a language is empty given some
Emptiness_problem
intersection non-emptiness problem, also known as finite automaton intersection problem or the non-emptiness of intersection problem, is a PSPACE-complete
Intersection non-emptiness problem
Intersection_non-emptiness_problem
Sense of generalized boredom, social alienation and apathy
Emptiness as a human condition is a sense of generalized boredom, social alienation, nihilism, and apathy. Feelings of emptiness often accompany dysthymia
Emptiness
Computational problems no algorithm can solve
other problems about CFG are also undecidable. See the page section for details. The emptiness problem: determining whether a language is empty given
List_of_undecidable_problems
Equivalence problem for Regular grammars Emptiness problem for ET0L grammars Word problem for ET0L grammars Tree transducer language membership problem for top
List of PSPACE-complete problems
List_of_PSPACE-complete_problems
Process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles
Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from
Problem_solving
Concept in the philosophy of language
philosophy of language, an empty name is a proper name that has no referent. The problem of empty names is the idea that empty names have a meaning when
Empty_name
Philosophical concept of emptiness found in Asian religions
said to be "empty" (sunya): Form is emptiness, emptiness is form Emptiness is not separate from form, form is not separate from emptiness Whatever is
Śūnyatā
Rule system for formal languages
of grammars become decidable for context-free grammars; e.g. the emptiness problem (whether the grammar generates any terminal strings at all), is undecidable
Context-free_grammar
Seven mathematical problems with a US$1 million prize for each solution
to each problem. The Clay Mathematics Institute officially designated the title Millennium Problem for the seven unsolved mathematical problems, the Birch
Millennium_Prize_Problems
Mathematical set containing no elements
its own, or if Cantor merely used ≡ O {\displaystyle \equiv O} as an emptiness predicate. Zermelo accepted O {\displaystyle O} itself as a set, but considered
Empty_set
Probability puzzle
The Monty Hall problem is a brain teaser, in the form of a probability puzzle, based nominally on the American television game show Let's Make a Deal
Monty_Hall_problem
Classification of formal languages
letters is The emptiness problem of starfree language says: Input: a string in the symbols of { a , b } {\displaystyle \{a,\,b\}} , empty set, concatenation
Star-free_language
Finite-state machine
strings (Emptiness Problem) whether a DFA accepts all strings (Universality Problem) whether two DFAs recognize the same language (Equality Problem) whether
Deterministic finite automaton
Deterministic_finite_automaton
Problem in computer science
(Some formulations of the problem also allow the empty subarray to be considered; by convention, the sum of all values of the empty subarray is zero.) Each
Maximum_subarray_problem
Problem in combinatorial optimization
The knapsack problem is the following problem in combinatorial optimization: Given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine which items
Knapsack_problem
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Indian Mahayana Buddhist philosopher (c. 150–c. 250)
truth is the fact that that everything is empty, and this includes emptiness itself ("the emptiness of emptiness"). While some (Murti, 1955) have interpreted
Nagarjuna
Form of second-order logic
complexity of the decision problem is nonelementary. They could be obtained by performing a reduction of the emptiness problem of the star-free languages
Monadic_second-order_logic
Problem in computer science
In computability theory, the halting problem is the decision problem of determining, from a description of an arbitrary computer program and an input
Halting_problem
Unsolved problem in computer science
Unsolved problem in computer science If the solution to a problem can be checked in polynomial time, must the problem be solvable in polynomial time? More
P_versus_NP_problem
Type of finite-state machine in automata theory
One can solve in linear time the emptiness problem for NFA, i.e., check whether the language of a given NFA is empty. To do this, we can simply perform
Nondeterministic finite automaton
Nondeterministic_finite_automaton
increased expressive power comes at the cost of undecidability in their emptiness problem. A one clock alternating timed automaton (OCATA) is a restricted version
Alternating_timed_automaton
nonempty (i.e., solving the emptiness problem), for instance via the product automaton construction. Several classical problems about queries have been studied
Regular_path_query
Short story by Arthur Conan Doyle featuring Sherlock Holmes
"The Final Problem" is a short story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle featuring his detective character Sherlock Holmes. It was first published in The Strand
The_Final_Problem
geometry, the largest empty rectangle problem, maximal empty rectangle problem or maximum empty rectangle problem, is the problem of finding a rectangle
Largest_empty_rectangle
Mathematical model
complement. The computational complexity of some problems related to timed automata is now given. The emptiness problem for timed automata can be solved by constructing
Timed_automaton
Type of formal grammar
PSPACE-complete (so G is fixed and only s is part of the input of the problem). The emptiness problem for context-sensitive grammars (given a context-sensitive grammar
Context-sensitive_grammar
Does the plane contains a dense set of points whose distances are all rational
Unsolved problem in mathematics Is there a dense set of points in the plane at rational distances from each other? More unsolved problems in mathematics
Erdős–Ulam_problem
This problem is P-complete. This is true even on a singleton alphabet, i.e., when the automaton accepts a unary language. The non-emptiness problem (is
Alternating_finite_automaton
Cognitive performance test
The candle problem or candle task, also known as Duncker's candle problem, is a cognitive performance test, measuring the influence of functional fixedness
Candle_problem
Type of progressive dementia
gastric retention, or abdominal distention from delayed gastric emptying. Problems with gastrointestinal function can affect medication absorption. Constipation
Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies
Complexity class
computational complexity theory, a computational problem H is called NP-hard if, for every problem L which can be solved in non-deterministic polynomial-time
NP-hardness
Branch of type theory
Computer Society (2006) pp. 111–122 Urzyczyn, Paweł (1999). "The emptiness problem for intersection types". Journal of Symbolic Logic. 64 (3): 1195–1215
Intersection_type_discipline
Yes/no problem in computer science
decision problem is a computational problem that can be posed as a yes–no question on a set of input values. An example of a decision problem is deciding
Decision_problem
Formal language concept
| A | 3 ℓ ) {\displaystyle O(|A|^{3}\ell )} . In particular, the emptiness problem is solvable in time O ( | A | 3 ) {\displaystyle O(|A|^{3})} . If
Nested_word
Japanese philosopher (1900–1990)
field of emptiness, because nihility is needed in order to convert to a perception of reality grounded on śūnyatā, the Buddhist concept of emptiness. This
Keiji_Nishitani
Upcoming television series
Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories, specifically The Final Problem and The Adventure of the Empty House. The series is set to premiere on Sky Television in
The_Death_of_Sherlock_Holmes
Problem a computer might be able to solve
theoretical computer science, a problem is one that asks for a solution in terms of an algorithm. For example, the problem of factoring "Given a positive
Computational_problem
separation, membership and emptiness. Each of these problems has a strong (exact) variant, and a weak (approximate) variant. In all problem descriptions, K denotes
Algorithmic problems on convex sets
Algorithmic_problems_on_convex_sets
Short story by Arthur Conan Doyle
loosely based on "The Adventure of the Empty House" and "The Final Problem". Many elements of "The Adventure of the Empty House" were used in the 1939–1946
The Adventure of the Empty House
The_Adventure_of_the_Empty_House
French theoretical computer scientist
found several important subclasses of these automata for which the emptiness problem is decidable.[C] In temporal logic, Bouyer worked with Fabrice Chevalier
Patricia_Bouyer-Decitre
Extension of nondeterministic tree automaton
The emptiness problem (deciding whether the language of an input ATA is empty) for ATAs, and therefore its complement, the universality problem, are
Alternating_tree_automata
Ethical problem in religion
The problem of Hell is an ethical problem in the Abrahamic religions of Christianity and Islam, in which the existence of Hell or Jahannam for the punishment
Problem_of_Hell
Class of software bugs
consequence of this type is the Y2K problem, but many other milestone dates or times exist that have caused or will cause problems depending on various programming
Time formatting and storage bugs
Time_formatting_and_storage_bugs
In computational geometry, the largest empty sphere problem is the problem of finding a hypersphere of largest radius in d-dimensional space whose interior
Largest_empty_sphere
Yes-or-no question that cannot ever be solved by a computer
theory and computational complexity theory, an undecidable problem is a decision problem for which it is proved to be impossible to construct an algorithm
Undecidable_problem
Mathematics problem
The 100 prisoners problem is a mathematical problem in probability theory and combinatorics. In this problem, 100 numbered prisoners must find their own
100_prisoners_problem
Mathematical puzzle
solution to the problem from the desired result by using reversible actions only (emptying a full jug into the sink and filling an empty jug from the tap
Water_pouring_puzzle
Philosophical dispute in Buddhism
emptiness-conventionality inseparability: "Form is empty. Emptiness is form. Emptiness is not other than form; form is also not other than emptiness.
Prasaṅgika according to Tsongkhapa
Prasaṅgika_according_to_Tsongkhapa
largest known class closed under all these operations and for which the emptiness problem is decidable. Another peculiar feature of operator-precedence languages
Operator-precedence_grammar
Complexity class
theory, NP-complete problems are the hardest of the problems to which solutions can be verified quickly. Somewhat more precisely, a problem is NP-complete
NP-completeness
Problem in geometry
Moser's circle problem asks how many regions a circle can be divided into by choosing n {\displaystyle n} points along the circumference of the circle
Moser's_circle_problem
Mathematical problem set on a chessboard
The eight queens puzzle is the problem of placing eight chess queens on an 8×8 chessboard so that no two queens threaten each other; thus, a solution
Eight_queens_puzzle
Complexity class used to classify decision problems
Unsolved problem in computer science P = ? N P {\displaystyle {\mathsf {P\ {\overset {?}{=}}\ NP}}} More unsolved problems in computer science In
NP_(complexity)
Five coplanar points have a subset forming a convex quadrilateral
In mathematics, the "happy ending problem" (so named by Paul Erdős because it led to the marriage of George Szekeres and Esther Klein) is the following
Happy_ending_problem
2003 studio album by Smile Empty Soul
Smile Empty Soul is the debut studio album by American rock band Smile Empty Soul. The album was released on May 27, 2003 via Lava Records. Three singles
Smile_Empty_Soul_(album)
particular, it allows to reduce the emptiness problem for A {\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}} to the emptiness problem for a finite or Büchi automaton. This
Region_(model_checking)
Buddhist philosophy founded by Nagarjuna
nature of ultimate reality is said to be empty, empty even of "emptiness" itself, both the concept of "emptiness" and the very framework of the two truths
Madhyamaka
Family of computing problems
In computing, the producer-consumer problem (also known as the bounded-buffer problem) is a family of problems described by Edsger W. Dijkstra since 1965
Producer–consumer_problem
1980 studio album by Pete Townshend
drug abuse, marital problems and deceased friends, particularly Keith Moon, the Who's former drummer, who died in 1978. Empty Glass also contained the
Empty_Glass
The standard problem of evil found in monotheistic religions does not apply to almost all traditions of Hinduism because it does not posit an omniscient
Problem_of_evil_in_Hinduism
This is a list of some of the major problems in philosophy. A counterfactual statement is a conditional statement with a false antecedent. For example
List of philosophical problems
List_of_philosophical_problems
Fictional character from Sherlock Holmes stories
Moriarty in five other stories: "The Adventure of the Empty House" (the immediate sequel to "The Final Problem"), "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder", "The
Professor_Moriarty
Metaphor about the challenges of human intimacy
tolerate one another. Thus the need for society which springs from the emptiness and monotony of men's lives, drives them together; but their many unpleasant
Hedgehog's_dilemma
Planar maps require at most four colors
logical formulae. One can also consider the coloring problem on surfaces other than the plane. The problem on the sphere or cylinder is equivalent to that
Four_color_theorem
Sequence of operations for a task
mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for
Algorithm
Cosmological fine-tuning problem
The flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe. Measurements
Flatness_problem
Algorithmic problem on pairs of sequences
within the original sequences. The problem of computing longest common subsequences is a classic computer science problem. Because it is polynomial and has
Longest_common_subsequence
Conformance of AI to intended objectives
open problem. The alignment problem has many parallels with the principal–agent problem in organizational economics. In a principal–agent problem, a principal
AI_alignment
Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke
the Synoptic Problem is "practically insoluble". Nearly every conceivable theory has been advanced as a solution to the synoptic problem. The most notable
Synoptic_Gospels
Proposition in mathematical logic
problems in set theory, and establishing its truth or falsehood was the first of Hilbert's 23 problems presented in 1900. The answer to this problem is
Continuum_hypothesis
Popular sutra in Mahāyāna Buddhism
Avalokiteśvara famously states, "Form is Emptiness (śūnyatā). Emptiness is Form", and declares the other skandhas to be equally empty—that is, dependently originated
Heart_Sutra
Task of computing complete subgraphs
In computer science, the clique problem is the computational problem of finding cliques (subsets of vertices, all adjacent to each other, also called complete
Clique_problem
Software concurrency problem
computer science, the sleeping barber problem is a classic inter-process communication and synchronization problem that illustrates the complexities that
Sleeping_barber_problem
Abstract mathematics problem
Sheldon Ross in his 1988 book A First Course in Probability. The problem starts with an empty vase and an infinite supply of balls. An infinite number of steps
Ross–Littlewood_paradox
Hypothetical invisible cosmic material
Unsolved problem in physics What is dark matter? How was it generated? More unsolved problems in physics In astronomy and cosmology, dark matter is an
Dark_matter
Computational problem in graph theory
maximum flow problems involve finding a feasible flow through a flow network that obtains the maximum possible flow rate. The maximum flow problem can be seen
Maximum_flow_problem
Concept in cosmology
problem in physics Why is the vacuum energy density much smaller than a zero-point energy suggested by quantum field theory? More unsolved problems in
Cosmological_constant_problem
Consistency of the axioms of arithmetic
In mathematics, Hilbert's second problem was posed by David Hilbert in 1900 as one of his 23 problems. It asks for a proof that arithmetic is consistent
Hilbert's_second_problem
Complexity class of problems
and only if NPI is empty. Under the assumption that P ≠ NP, Ladner explicitly constructs a problem in NPI, although this problem is artificial and otherwise
NP-intermediate
Situation in which one cannot avoid a problem because of contradictory constraints
victory Self-reference Social trap Strange loop Vicious circle Wicked problem Zugzwang Largest Idioms Dictionary, The Idioms. "Catch 22 meaning". Theidioms
Catch-22_(logic)
Philosophical question
The problem of universals is an ancient question from metaphysics that has inspired a range of philosophical topics and disputes: "Should the properties
Problem_of_universals
Unsolved problem in computational complexity theory
Unsolved problem in computer science Can the graph isomorphism problem be solved in polynomial time? More unsolved problems in computer science The graph
Graph_isomorphism_problem
1940 book by C. S. Lewis
The Problem of Pain is a 1940 book on the problem of evil by C. S. Lewis, in which Lewis argues that human pain, animal pain, and hell are not sufficient
The_Problem_of_Pain
Limitative results in mathematical logic
and Turing's theorem that there is no algorithm to solve the halting problem. The incompleteness theorems apply to formal systems that are of sufficient
Gödel's incompleteness theorems
Gödel's_incompleteness_theorems
This is a list of episodes for the American television sitcom Empty Nest, a spinoff of The Golden Girls that originally aired on NBC from October 8, 1988
List_of_Empty_Nest_episodes
of living in different countries. PPP largely removes the exchange rate problem but not others; it does not reflect the value of economic output in international
List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita
Open question in philosophy of how abstract minds interact with physical bodies
The mind–body problem is a philosophical problem concerning the relationship between thought and consciousness in the human mind and body. It addresses
Mind–body_problem
Problem in probability
Banach's match problem is a classic problem in probability attributed to Stefan Banach. Feller says that the problem was inspired by a humorous reference
Banach's_matchbox_problem
Tibetan monk and yogi (1357–1419)
teachings is "a radical view of emptiness" which sees all phenomena as devoid of intrinsic nature. This view of emptiness is not a kind of nihilism or a
Je_Tsongkhapa
Fictional character created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
disappearance and presumed death in "The Final Problem" and his reappearance in "The Adventure of the Empty House"—as the Great Hiatus. The earliest known
Sherlock_Holmes
Chess composition whose solution is a mate or other clear objective
A chess problem, also called a chess composition, is a puzzle created by the composer using chess pieces on a chessboard, which presents the solver with
Chess_problem
Problem in set theory
continuum? — The original statement of Suslin's problem from (Suslin 1920) Suslin's problem asks: Given a non-empty totally ordered set R with the four properties
Suslin's_problem
Overuse of a shared resource
Secretary-General of the United Nations In addition, Hardin also pointed out the problem of individuals acting in rational self-interest by claiming that if all
Tragedy_of_the_commons
2006 video game
that it might "have some unexpected consequences". There is a graphic problem with the latest Nvidia drivers (resulting in a white checkerboard corruption
You_Are_Empty
Pairing where no unchosen pair prefers each other over their choice
mathematics, economics, and computer science, the stable matching problem is the problem of finding a stable matching between two equally sized sets of elements
Stable_matching_problem
Standard example in game theory
paradox Centipede game Collective action problem Externality Folk theorem (game theory) Free-rider problem Gift-exchange game Hobbesian trap Innocent
Prisoner's_dilemma
View that attributes oneness or singleness to a concept
and Madhyamaka emphasize the non-duality of form and emptiness: "form is emptiness, emptiness is form", as the Heart Sutra says. In Chinese Buddhism
Monism
River crossing puzzle
The wolf, goat, and cabbage problem is a river crossing puzzle. It dates back to at least the 9th century AD from a manuscript by Alcuin of York, and
Wolf, goat and cabbage problem
Wolf,_goat_and_cabbage_problem
EMPTINESS PROBLEM
EMPTINESS PROBLEM
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Problem Solver
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Away from all Problems
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian
Eternity; Problem Solver
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Destroyer of Problems
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
People with this Name are Preferably Intelligent and Very Generous; Highly Knowledgeable in Problem Solving Skills
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and Irish
English, Scottish, and Irish : variant spelling of Hamill.French : topographic name for someone who lived and worked at an outlying farm dependent on the main village, Old French hamel (a diminutive from a Germanic element cognate with Old English hÄm ‘homestead’).German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from the city of Hamlin, German Hameln, Yiddish Haml, where the Hamel river empties into the Weser. The name of the river probably derives from the Germanic element ham ‘water meadow’.Dutch : metonymic occupational name for a shepherd, from Middle Dutch hamel ‘wether’, ‘castrated ram’.A Hamel from Normandy, France, is documented in St. Jean et St. François, Quebec, in 1666.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Problem
Male
Greek
(ΜαÏδοχαῖος) Greek form of Akkadian Marduk ("solar calf"), probably MARDOCHAIOS means "death and emptiness." In mythology, Marduk is the name of a god said to have killed a dragon named Tiamat. In the bible, he is known by the Hebrew name Merodach, and is a Babylonian idol, probably the planet Mars, which like Saturn was regarded by ancient Semites as the author of bloodshed and slaughter, and was propitiated with human victims.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Problem solver
EMPTINESS PROBLEM
EMPTINESS PROBLEM
Girl/Female
Israeli Hebrew
Gentle.
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, French
Man of the North
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Beautiful Garden in Heaven; Meadow; Paradise
Biblical
a bone
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name for a squire, from Latin armiger ‘bearer of arms or armor’ (from armas gerere ‘to bear arms’), which acquired the specialist sense ‘squire’.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Finnish, Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
The Whole World; Lake
Girl/Female
Biblical
The hill of felicity.
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English, Finnish, French, Swedish
Lives in the Valley; Valley; Usually with a Stream; Strong; Healthy
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Saint
Boy/Male
Biblical Muslim
Clearness, oil.
EMPTINESS PROBLEM
EMPTINESS PROBLEM
EMPTINESS PROBLEM
EMPTINESS PROBLEM
EMPTINESS PROBLEM
n.
The quality or state of being vacuous, or not filled; emptiness; vacancy; as, vacuity of mind; vacuity of countenance.
n.
The condition of being inane; emptiness; want of fullness, as in the vessels of the body; hence, specifically, exhaustion from want of food, either from partial or complete starvation, or from a disorder of the digestive apparatus, producing the same result.
n.
One who proposes problems.
n.
An empty box, crate, cask, etc.; -- used in commerce, esp. in transportation of freight; as, "special rates for empties."
n.
Vanity; emptiness; -- now used only in the phrase in vain.
n.
Quality of being meaty.
n.
The quality or state of being vain; want of substance to satisfy desire; emptiness; unsubstantialness; unrealness; falsity.
n.
Want of solidity or substance; unsatisfactoriness; inability to satisfy desire; vacuity; hollowness; the emptiness of earthly glory.
n.
The quality or state of being vacant; emptiness; hence, freedom from employment; intermission; leisure; idleness; listlessness.
n.
One who, or that which, empties.
n.
The quality or state of being vacuous; emptiness; vacuity.
n.
Space unfilled or unoccupied, or occupied with an invisible fluid only; emptiness; void; vacuum.
n.
The state of being empty; absence of contents; void space; vacuum; as, the emptiness of a vessel; emptiness of the stomach.
v. i.
To discharge itself; as, a river empties into the ocean.
n.
Want of knowledge; lack of sense; vacuity of mind.
pl.
of Empty
v. t.
To propose problems.
n.
Insufficiency; emptiness.
n.
Inanition; void space; vacuity; emptiness.
n.
The quality or state of being void; /mptiness; vacuity; nullity; want of substantiality.