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Buddhist philosophy founded by Nagarjuna
Madhyamaka (Sanskrit: माध्यमक, romanized: Mādhyamaka, lit. 'middle way; centrism'; Chinese: 中觀見; pinyin: Zhōngguān jiàn; Vietnamese: Trung quán tông, chữ
Madhyamaka
Tradition of Buddhist philosophy and psychology
most influential traditions of Mahayana Buddhism in India, along with Madhyamaka. The compound Yogācāra literally means "practice of yoga", or "one whose
Yogachara
Indian Mahayana Buddhist philosopher (c. 150–c. 250)
Mahayana Buddhism from south India. He is considered the founder of the Madhyamaka (Centrism, Middle Way) school. Nāgārjuna is widely considered to be the
Nagarjuna
Indian Buddhist philosopher (725-788)
the Tibetan Buddhist tradition. Śāntarakṣita was a philosopher of the Madhyamaka school who studied at Nalanda monastery under Jñānagarbha, and became
Śāntarakṣita
Buddhist tradition in East Asia which represents the Indian Madhyamaka
East Asian Madhyamaka is the Buddhist tradition in East Asia which represents the Indian Madhyamaka (Chung-kuan) system of thought. In Chinese Buddhism
East_Asian_Mādhyamaka
Buddhist differentiation of conventional and ultimate truth
Buddhist schools and traditions. The best known interpretation is from the Mādhyamaka school of Mahāyāna Buddhism, whose founder was the 3rd-century Indian
Two_truths_doctrine
Philosophical concept of emptiness found in Asian religions
emptiness was further developed by the Abhidharma schools, Nāgārjuna and the Mādhyamaka school, an early Mahāyāna school. Emptiness ("positively" interpreted)
Śūnyatā
Doctrinal distinction within Tibetan Buddhism
of conventional truth within the presentation of Madhyamaka. Svātantrika is a category of Madhyamaka viewpoints attributed primarily to the 6th-century
Svatantrika–Prasaṅgika distinction
Svatantrika–Prasaṅgika_distinction
That which makes or defines an entity
finite), depending upon the type of existentialist discourse. Within the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism, Candrakirti identifies the self as "an essence
Essence
Buddhist philosopher
of the moon" in Sanskrit) or "Chandra" was a Buddhist scholar of the Madhyamaka school who was based out of the monastery of Nalanda. He was a noted commentator
Chandrakirti
Buddhist philosophical tradition
movement, and scholastic traditions such as Prajñāpāramitā, Sarvāstivāda, Mādhyamaka, Sautrāntika, Vaibhāṣika, Buddha-nature, Yogācāra, and more. One recurrent
Buddhist_philosophy
Doctrine within Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan defenders of shentong, like Dölpopa, to distinguish the majority Madhyamaka teaching on the nature of śūnyatā or "emptiness", namely that all phenomenon
Rangtong_and_shentong
Buddhist doctrine
approach became later known as Prasangika Madhyamaka. Bhāviveka was critical of Buddhapalita's approach to Madhyamaka. Inspired by the buddhist logician Dignāga
Middle_Way
Nonconceptual awareness and interconnectedness
literally translated as "not two" and has various applications, including the Madhyamaka negation of thinking in opposites such as ordinary, conventional truth
Nondualism
Indian Buddhist philosopher (c.500–c.578)
skal ldan, legs ldan), and Bhavya was a sixth-century (c. 500 – c. 570) madhyamaka Buddhist philosopher. Alternative names for this figure also include Bhavyaviveka
Bhāviveka
Tibetan monk and yogi (1357–1419)
Dignāga and Dharmakīrti, the Cittamatra philosophy of the mind, and the madhyamaka philosophy of Nāgārjuna and Candrakīrti. Central to his philosophical
Je_Tsongkhapa
3rd century Sri Lankan philosopher and writer
Bodhisattva), was a Mahayana Buddhist monk, a disciple of Nagarjuna and a Madhyamaka philosopher. Most sources agree that he was from "Siṃhala", which some
Aryadeva
Genre of Sanskrit literature
Verses on Madhyamaka) Gaudapada's Māṇḍukya Kārikā (on the Māṇḍukya Upanishad) Bhavaviveka's Madhyamakahṛdayakārikā (Verses on the Heart of Madhyamaka) Kallata's
Karika
Kuchan Buddhist monk and translator (344–413)
Buddhasvāmin, and finally became an adherent of Mahayana Buddhism, studying the Mādhyamaka doctrine of Nāgārjuna. After mastering the Chinese language, Kumārajīva
Kumārajīva
True nature of things in Buddhism
its suchness." In the Madhyamaka Mahayana tradition, Tathātā is an uncompounded permanent phenomenon, (as is Nirvana – in Madhyamaka, not being products
Tathātā
Meditation-based school of Mahāyāna Buddhism
dynasty by blending Indian Mahayana Buddhism, particularly Yogacara and Madhyamaka philosophies, with Chinese Taoist thought, especially Neo-Daoist. Zen
Zen
Hindu philosophical concept
conventional understanding of being and becoming. The concept is also found in Mādhyamaka school of Buddhist philosophy, as the theory of nonorigination. Ajātivāda:
Ajātivāda
Foundational text of the Madhyamaka school of Mahāyāna philosophy
the Middle Way'), abbreviated as MMK, is the foundational text of the Madhyamaka school of Mahāyāna Buddhist philosophy. It was composed by the Indian
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā
Philosopher
is particularly known for his writings on madhyamaka philosophy, especially his critique of the madhyamaka views of Tsongkhapa and Dolpopa. Gorampa defended
Gorampa
Form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet and globally
symbolically, in other cases they are practiced literally. The Indian Buddhist Madhyamaka ("Middle Way" or "Centrism") philosophy, also called Śūnyavāda (the emptiness
Tibetan_Buddhism
Buddhist philosophical concept
equated with the Buddhist philosophical concept of emptiness (śūnyatā, a Mādhyamaka concept); with the storehouse-consciousness (ālāyavijñāna, a Yogācāra
Buddha-nature
5th/6th century Indian Buddhist philosopher
prasaṅgika (Buddhapālita-Candrakīrti) and svatantrika (Bhāviveka's) schools of Madhyamaka philosophy (but these terms do not appear in Indian Sanskrit sources)
Buddhapālita
Buddhist philosopher
treatises on Yogācāra, Madhyamaka, and Pramāṇa. Because his unique philosophy attempts to merge the insights of both Yogācāra and Madhyamaka, Ratnākara referred
Ratnākaraśānti
Institutional and doctrinal divisions of Buddhism
were two major traditions of Mahāyāna philosophy. The earliest was the Mādhyamaka ("Middle Way"), also known as the Śūnyavāda ("Emptiness-view"). This tradition
Schools_of_Buddhism
Epistemology, proof, reliable means of knowledge in Indian philosophies
gsum): subject object, action. When Madhyamaka first migrated to Tibet, Śāntarakṣita established a view of Madhyamaka more consistent with Bhāvaviveka while
Pramana
Study of general and fundamental questions
Mithraism Mohism Taoism Yangism Zoroastrianism Zurvanism Buddhist Abhidharma Madhyamaka Pudgalavada Sarvāstivadā Sautrāntika Svatantrika and Prasangika Śūnyatā
Philosophy
philosopher who followed the Epistemological school of Dharmakīrti and Madhyamaka. He is considered one of the greatest panditas of the 10th century. He
Jitāri
Topics referred to by the same term
in Austria Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, a foundational text of the Buddhist Madhyamaka school, by Nagarjuna Museum für Moderne Kunst, art museum in Frankfurt
MMK
Fundamental Buddhist teaching
Madhyamaka: A Philosophical Introduction, pp. 93-94. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-970511-5. Westerhoff, Jan (2009). Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka:
Pratītyasamutpāda
10th–16th-century school of Tibetan Buddhism
(stages of the path). Kadam masters like Atiśa also promoted the study of madhyamaka philosophy. According to Ronald M. Davidson, "Atiśa's coming to Tibet
Kadam_(Tibetan_Buddhism)
German professor of Buddhist Philosophy and orientalist
completed his second PhD in 2007 with a doctoral thesis titled "Nagarjuna's madhyamaka: A philosophical investigation". He was previously a research fellow in
Jan_Westerhoff
Buddhist term
Awareness: A Tibetan Madhyamaka Defence, pg. xiii. Curzon press, 1998. Paul Williams. The Reflexive Nature of Awareness: A Tibetan Madhyamaka Defence, pg. xv
Svasaṃvedana
East Asian Buddhist philosophical concept
Zhili's view, mind cannot be privileged over physical form. The Chinese Madhyamaka school (known as Sanlun) also saw the development of a theory of interpenetration
Perfect_Interpenetration
School of Tibetan Buddhism
school include the Buddhist philosophical traditions of Yogacara and Madhyamaka, as well as the tantric tradition of Chakrasamvara, among others. The
Karma_Kagyu
Branch of Buddhism
Mahāyāna Buddhist philosophy also promotes unique theories, such as the Madhyamaka theory of emptiness (śūnyatā), and the Vijñānavāda (the idealistic "doctrine
Mahayana
Logic System in India
evidenced by the traditions of Nagarjuna and the Madhyamaka, particularly the school of Madhyamaka given the retroactive nomenclature of Prasangika by
Tetralemma
Rejection of certain ideas about reality
state of nirvana. According to a common interpretation, the school of Mādhyamaka, which emerged in the 2nd century CE, defends metaphysical nihilism, rejecting
Nihilism
Ancient Greek school of philosophical skepticism
the Pyrrhonist works of Sextus Empiricius and that of Nagarjuna, the Madhyamaka Buddhist philosopher from the 2nd or 3rd century CE. Buddhist philosopher
Pyrrhonism
Buddhist views on the belief in a creator deity, or any eternal divine personal being
idea in his Madhyamakahṛdaya (Heart of the Middle Way, ch. III). A later Madhyamaka philosopher, Candrakīrti, states in his Introduction to the Middle Way
Creator_in_Buddhism
Study of the development of philosophy
of Advaita Vedanta and Navya-Nyāya as well as the Buddhist schools of Madhyamaka and Yogācāra. In the modern period, the exchange between Indian and Western
History_of_philosophy
Tang Dynasty philosopher
Buddhist monk and scholar who is often regarded as the founder of East Asian Mādhyamaka. He is also known as Jiaxiang or Master Jiaxiang (Chinese: 嘉祥; Wade–Giles:
Jizang
Chokden's Definite ascertainment of the middle way criticized Tsongkhapa's Madhyamaka views as being too logo-centric and still caught up in conceptualization
Sakya_Chokden
Epistemological study of Buddhism
thinker who worked on both pramana and Madhyamaka was the Kashmiri pandita Parahitabhadra. This tendency within Madhyamaka is termed Svātantrika, while Chandrakirti's
Buddhist_logico-epistemology
Classifications of Buddhist teachings in Mahayana
associated with the bodhisattva Manjushri. The analytical texts of the Madhyamaka school of Nagarjuna are generally included under the second turning. The
Buddhist Doctrinal Classification
Buddhist_Doctrinal_Classification
2002 pp. 499-505 Madhyamaka and Pyrrhonism ox.ac.uk Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Sextus Empiricus and Madhyamaka at Oxford's Oriental
Buddhism_and_the_Roman_world
of – Love, philosophy of – Luddism – Lwów–Warsaw school – Lysenkoism Madhyamaka – Mahayana Buddhism- Manichaeism – Maoism – Marburg school – Marxism –
List_of_philosophies
Principle in Buddhism and the texts associated with it
phenomena are characterized by "non-arising" (anutpāda, i.e. unborn) and the Madhyamaka thought of Nāgārjuna. Its practice and understanding are taken to be indispensable
Prajnaparamita
8th-century Tibetan Buddhist text
of the conventional truth of Yogacara with the ultimate truth of the Madhyamaka, assisted by Buddhist logic with a lengthy discussion of the "neither
Madhyamakālaṃkāra
Semi-legendary Chinese philosopher, founder of Taoism
Buddhism Tientai Zhiyi Huayan school Fazang Guifeng Zongmi East Asian Mādhyamaka Jizang Kumārajīva Yogācāra Xuanzang Chinese Chan Bodhidharma Huineng Chinese
Laozi
Two small collections of suttas within the Pāli Canon of Theravada Buddhism
own regarding basic metaphysical issues. Gomez compared them to later Madhyamaka philosophy, which in its Prasaṅgika form especially makes a method of
Aṭṭhakavagga and Pārāyanavagga
Aṭṭhakavagga_and_Pārāyanavagga
Tibetan Buddhist master (1846–1912)
sutric Madhyamaka. This was in departure with the Nyingma school which generally positioned the view of tantra as superior to the view of Madhyamaka. For
Jamgön_Ju_Mipham_Gyatso
texts. He is best known for being an important translator and exegete of Madhyamaka philosophy in Tibet, associating himself with what he called the "Prasangika"
Patsab_Nyima_Drakpa
Buddhist deity regarded as a manifestation of the Bodhisattva Guanyin
Korean Seon Vietnamese Thiền Pure Land Tiantai Huayan Risshū Nichiren Madhyamaka Yogachara Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism Chinese Esoteric Buddhism Shingon
Ulkāmukha_Pretarāja
Philosophical tradition of the Irish people
Mithraism Mohism Taoism Yangism Zoroastrianism Zurvanism Buddhist Abhidharma Madhyamaka Pudgalavada Sarvāstivadā Sautrāntika Svatantrika and Prasangika Śūnyatā
Irish_philosophy
scholarship focuses on Indian and Tibetan Buddhist Philosophy, particularly Madhyamaka thought, Buddhist narrative traditions, and the relationship between philosophical
Malcolm_David_Eckel
Ancient Indian art style
Korean Seon Vietnamese Thiền Pure Land Tiantai Huayan Risshū Nichiren Madhyamaka Yogachara Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism Chinese Esoteric Buddhism Shingon
Amaravati_art
Tibetan Buddhist scholar (1813–1899)
of these schools are authentic Madhyamaka. Kongtrül also held that "Shentong Madhyamaka" was a valid form of Madhyamaka, which was also based on the Buddha
Jamgon_Kongtrul
Indian Buddhist teacher (1007–1085)
Buddhist canon. Maitripada's philosophy straddled between the schools of Madhyamaka and Mahamudra. He did however, still seem to hold the Yogachara school
Maitripada
Concept within Tibetan Buddhism
Dzogchen with Madhyamaka, the earlier Nyingma author Rongzom Chokyi Zangpo did not. Rongzom held that the views of sutra such as Madhyamaka were inferior
Rigpa
School of Tibetan Buddhism
esoteric commentaries." He upheld the view that sutra teachings such as Madhyamaka were ultimately inferior to the teachings found in the Buddhist Tantras
Nyingma
The Continuity of Madhyamaka and Yogacara in Indian Mahayana Buddhism. 1991. p. 98. Harris, Ian Charles. The Continuity of Madhyamaka and Yogacara in Indian
Prajñaptivāda
Basic distinction in philosophy
Mithraism Mohism Taoism Yangism Zoroastrianism Zurvanism Buddhist Abhidharma Madhyamaka Pudgalavada Sarvāstivadā Sautrāntika Svatantrika and Prasangika Śūnyatā
Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)
Subjectivity_and_objectivity_(philosophy)
Sequence of Buddhas in Tibetan Buddhism
arose from the two main Indian schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism: one from the Madhyamaka school founded by Nāgārjuna, and the other from the Yogācāra school founded
Thirty-five Confession Buddhas
Thirty-five_Confession_Buddhas
Defined list of sacred texts recognized by various schools of Tibetan Buddhism
Nagarjuna, founder of the Madhyamaka philosophical school Aryadeva, foremost disciple of Nagarjuna who continued his Madhyamaka philosophical school Dharmakirti
Tibetan_Buddhist_canon
Korean Buddhist monk
native of Yodong in Goguryeo (present-day Liaotung). He was a master of the Three Treatise School (Korean: Samnon) (Madhyamaka School of Nagarjuna)".
Seungnang
Buddhist studies scholar (born 1950)
Fellow and awarded his DPhil in 1978. His main research interests are Madhyamaka Buddhist philosophy, Mahayana Buddhism, and Medieval philosophical and
Paul Williams (Buddhist studies scholar)
Paul_Williams_(Buddhist_studies_scholar)
Theoretical framework that connects Blackness and social death
Mithraism Mohism Taoism Yangism Zoroastrianism Zurvanism Buddhist Abhidharma Madhyamaka Pudgalavada Sarvāstivadā Sautrāntika Svatantrika and Prasangika Śūnyatā
Afro-pessimism (United States)
Afro-pessimism_(United_States)
Buddhist texts composed in Sanskrit
BCE). The Indian Buddhist philosophers of the Vaibhāṣika, Sautrāntika, Madhyamaka and Yogācāra schools also mainly wrote in Sanskrit.These include well
Sanskrit_Buddhist_literature
Dominant school of Tibetan Buddhism
sect. Doctrinally, the Gelug school promotes a unique form of prasangika Madhyamaka based on the works of Tsongkhapa. According to John Powers, Tsongkhapa's
Gelug
East Asian ethnic group
pronunciations Mythology Dragon Zodiac Philosophy Religions Buddhism Mādhyamaka Yogācāra Scripts Calligraphy Chinese characters Typography Seals Surnames
Koreans
Founder of Buddhism
Korean Seon Vietnamese Thiền Pure Land Tiantai Huayan Risshū Nichiren Madhyamaka Yogachara Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism Chinese Esoteric Buddhism Shingon
The_Buddha
Mithraism Mohism Taoism Yangism Zoroastrianism Zurvanism Buddhist Abhidharma Madhyamaka Pudgalavada Sarvāstivadā Sautrāntika Svatantrika and Prasangika Śūnyatā
Intercultural_philosophy
Hindu and Buddhist concept and term
Dzogchen agrees with the view of Madhyamaka as elucidated by Nāgārjuna, Chögyal Namkhai Norbu explains: ...Madhyamaka explains with the four "beyond concepts
Svabhava
Supreme, final, and fundamental power in all reality
the ultimate truth. Some traditions, specifically those who rely on the Madhyamaka philosophy, reject the notion of a truly existing or essential ultimate
Ultimate_reality
Mahāyāna Buddhist text by Shantideva (c. 700 CE)
chapter, "Wisdom", to be one of the most succinct expositions of the Madhyamaka view. The tenth chapter is used as one of the most popular Mahāyāna prayers
Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra
Indian religion and philosophy
Mahāyāna Buddhism, especially in Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka school, and in the Prajñāpāramitā sutras. In Madhyamaka philosophy, emptiness is the view which holds
Buddhism
Method of reasoning and philosophical argument
Mithraism Mohism Taoism Yangism Zoroastrianism Zurvanism Buddhist Abhidharma Madhyamaka Pudgalavada Sarvāstivadā Sautrāntika Svatantrika and Prasangika Śūnyatā
Dialectic
Buddhist monk, scholar and tantric master
mandalas. According to A.K. Warder, Abhayākaragupta developed the Mantrayana-Madhyamaka doctrine to its final Indic form. Matthew Kapstein sees him as "among
Abhayakaragupta
Spiritual leader of Tibet from 1810 to 1815
intellect, memorizing lengthy prayer texts, root-texts of Abhisamayālaṅkāra, Mādhyamaka and Abhidharmakośa. Ngwang Nyandak (The Sixty-sixth Ganden Tripa), Jangchub
9th_Dalai_Lama
Buddhist Temple in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
important Buddhist monasteries. The temple is the cradle of East Asian Mādhyamaka. Built in AD 489, the 7th year of the Yongming era during the Southern
Qixia_Temple
Vedic term for emancipation
Anekantavada Syādvāda Buddhist philosophy and Early Buddhist schools Śūnyatā Madhyamaka Yogachara Sautrāntika Svatantrika Medieval Vedanta Acintya bheda abheda
Anavrtti
Philosophy in the ancient world
Aryadeva, a student of Nagarjuna and contributed significantly to the Madhyamaka Dharmakirti Haribhadra Pujyapada Buddhaghosa Kamandaka Maticandra Prashastapada
Ancient_philosophy
Indian Buddhist monk and philosopher
but the Mādhyamaka teacher Jñānaprabha notably opposed this idea. Instead, Jñānaprabha regarded Yogācāra teachings to be below Mādhyamaka, because they
Śīlabhadra
Indian religion
use of a vyavahara/niscaya distinction [...] has more in common with Madhyamaka Buddhism and even more with Advaita Vedanta than with the Jain philosophy
Jainism
State of mind in East Asian culture
Sharf 2021, p. 1055. Mathes, Klaus-Dieter, A Fine Blend of Mahamudra and Madhyamaka: Maitripa's Collection of Texts on Non-Conceptual Realization (Amanasikara)
No-mind
Indian philosophy concept
Anekantavada Syādvāda Buddhist philosophy and Early Buddhist schools Śūnyatā Madhyamaka Yogachara Sautrāntika Svatantrika Medieval Vedanta Acintya bheda abheda
Vichara
Class of ethical theories
Mithraism Mohism Taoism Yangism Zoroastrianism Zurvanism Buddhist Abhidharma Madhyamaka Pudgalavada Sarvāstivadā Sautrāntika Svatantrika and Prasangika Śūnyatā
Deontology
Version of modal realism
Mithraism Mohism Taoism Yangism Zoroastrianism Zurvanism Buddhist Abhidharma Madhyamaka Pudgalavada Sarvāstivadā Sautrāntika Svatantrika and Prasangika Śūnyatā
Extended_modal_realism
Buddhist temple in Amsterdam
Korean Seon Vietnamese Thiền Pure Land Tiantai Huayan Risshū Nichiren Madhyamaka Yogachara Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism Chinese Esoteric Buddhism Shingon
He_Hua_Temple
1974 philosophy paper by Thomas Nagel
Mithraism Mohism Taoism Yangism Zoroastrianism Zurvanism Buddhist Abhidharma Madhyamaka Pudgalavada Sarvāstivadā Sautrāntika Svatantrika and Prasangika Śūnyatā
What_Is_It_Like_to_Be_a_Bat?
Anekantavada Syādvāda Buddhist philosophy and Early Buddhist schools Śūnyatā Madhyamaka Yogachara Sautrāntika Svatantrika Medieval Vedanta Acintya bheda abheda
Namarupa-vyakarana
Sanskrit term associated with protection
Anekantavada Syādvāda Buddhist philosophy and Early Buddhist schools Śūnyatā Madhyamaka Yogachara Sautrāntika Svatantrika Medieval Vedanta Acintya bheda abheda
Raksha_(Vedic)
Ancient Eurasian icon and Nazi symbol
Korean Seon Vietnamese Thiền Pure Land Tiantai Huayan Risshū Nichiren Madhyamaka Yogachara Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism Chinese Esoteric Buddhism Shingon
Swastika
Buddhist philosophical concept
Korean Seon Vietnamese Thiền Pure Land Tiantai Huayan Risshū Nichiren Madhyamaka Yogachara Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism Chinese Esoteric Buddhism Shingon
Pure_abodes
Action driven by intention which leads to future consequences
Seyfort Ruegg, Seyfort; Schmithausen, Lambert (eds.), Earliest Buddhism and Madhyamaka, BRILL Vetter, Tilmann (1988), The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early
Karma_in_Buddhism
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