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Energy release on formation of anions
The electron affinity (Eea) of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron attaches to a neutral atom or molecule
Electron_affinity
Chemical data page
electron affinity as a property of isolated atoms or molecules (i.e. in the gas phase). Solid state electron affinities are not listed here. Electron
Electron_affinity_(data_page)
Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements
ionisation energy is the electron affinity, which is the energy released when adding an electron to the atom. A passing electron will be more readily attracted
Periodic_table
Specific recurring patterns that are present in the modern periodic table
Major periodic trends include atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, nucleophilicity, electrophilicity, valency, nuclear
Periodic_trends
Tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons
correlated (for most and larger electronegativity values) with the electron affinity. It is to be expected that the electronegativity of an element will
Electronegativity
Theorem in quantum mechanics
statement of Koopmans' to calculate the electron affinity in this sense. Calculations of electron affinities using this statement of Koopmans' theorem
Koopmans'_theorem
Rule for energy band diagrams
the electron affinity and band gap values for each semiconductor to calculate the conduction band and valence band offsets. The electron affinity (usually
Anderson's_rule
Emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation hits a material
systems with negative electron affinity and the emission from excited states, or a few hundred keV photons for core electrons in elements with a high
Photoelectric_effect
Chemical element with atomic number 118 (Og)
have no electron affinity. Nevertheless, quantum electrodynamic corrections have been shown to be quite significant in reducing this affinity by decreasing
Oganesson
Approach to analyzing reaction energies
to remove the first electron from Mg, plus the ionization energy required to remove the second electron from Mg+. Electron affinity is defined as the amount
Born–Haber_cycle
Chemical entity capable of donating electrons to another entity
gained or lost, in an electron donor-acceptor transfer is determined by the difference between the acceptor's electron affinity (A) and the ionization
Electron_donor
Type of energy
the electron affinity (note that this has a different meaning than the electron affinity of chemistry); in silicon for example the electron affinity is
Work_function
higher ionisation energies, higher electron affinities (nitrogen and the noble gases have negative electron affinities) and higher electronegativity values
Properties of nonmetals (and metalloids) by group
Properties_of_nonmetals_(and_metalloids)_by_group
Potential energy barrier in metal–semiconductor junctions
difference of the metal-vacuum work function and the semiconductor-vacuum electron affinity. For an isolated metal, the work function Φ M {\displaystyle \Phi
Schottky_barrier
Chemical bonding involving attraction between ions
nonmetal) with greater electron affinity accepts one or more electrons to attain a stable electron configuration, and after accepting electrons an atom becomes
Ionic_bonding
Diagram plotting electron energy levels
determined by the electron affinity. This "vacuum level" does not correspond to any actual energy band and is poorly defined (electron affinity strictly speaking
Band_diagram
Group of highly reactive chemical elements
increases ununennium's electron affinity far beyond that of caesium and francium; indeed, ununennium is expected to have an electron affinity higher than all
Alkali_metal
Property of ions and molecules
the proton affinity is positive. This is the same sign convention used for electron affinity. The property related to the proton affinity is the gas-phase
Proton_affinity
Theoretical chemical element with atomic number 119 (Uue)
Ununennium's electron affinity is expected to be far greater than that of caesium and francium; indeed, ununennium is expected to have an electron affinity higher
Ununennium
Chemical data page
This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states. For each atom the subshells are given first in concise
Electron configurations of the elements
Electron_configurations_of_the_elements
Chemical theory about acids and bases
{1}{2}}(I-A)\end{aligned}}} where I is the ionization potential and A the electron affinity. This expression implies that the chemical hardness is proportional
HSAB_theory
Property in physical chemistry
Electronegativity Electron affinity Pneumatic chemistry Valency Affinity chromatography Affinity electrophoresis Chisholm 1911, Affinity, Chemical Thomas
Chemical_affinity
Topics referred to by the same term
unit of time Material Testing Program EA (Edgewood Arsenal) numbers Electron affinity Ethyl acetate Electrophilic addition, a type of reaction in organic
EA_(disambiguation)
Group of low-reactive, gaseous chemical elements
Wheeler, John C. (1997). "Electron Affinities of the Alkaline Earth Metals and the Sign Convention for Electron Affinity". Journal of Chemical Education
Noble_gas
Negative ion of hydrogen
extra electron to a hydrogen atom, called electron affinity of hydrogen. It is measured to be 0.754195(19) eV or 0.02771616(70) hartree (see Electron affinity
Hydrogen_anion
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up affinity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Affinity may refer to: Affinity (law), kinship by marriage Affinity analysis, a market research and
Affinity
Group of chemical elements
higher electron affinity for the electron than iodine and therefore the aluminium cluster is called a superhalogen (i.e., the vertical electron detachment
Halogen
Metallic elements that are nearly chemically inert
reduction potential in volts; electronegativity (revised Pauling); and electron affinity values (kJ/mol), for some metals and metalloids. The simplified entries
Noble_metal
Chemical element with atomic number 17 (Cl)
a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity on the revised Pauling scale
Chlorine
Elements predicted but not found in 1869
symbol Properties of elements Relative atomic mass Crystal structure Electron affinity configuration Electronegativity (Allen, Pauling) Goldschmidt classification
Mendeleev's predicted elements
Mendeleev's_predicted_elements
Type of material
heat relatively well. These properties are all associated with having electrons available at the Fermi level, as opposed to nonmetallic materials which
Metal
Category of chemical elements
gaining rather than losing electrons. Gold's ionization energy is one of the highest among metals, and its electron affinity and electronegativity are
Nonmetal
Set of adjacent groups
table is a set of elements unified by the atomic orbitals their valence electrons or vacancies lie in. The term seems to have been first used by Charles
Block_(periodic_table)
Type of field-effect transistor
another way, "high electron mobility"). Since GaAs has higher electron affinity, free electrons in the AlGaAs layer are transferred to the undoped GaAs layer
High-electron-mobility transistor
High-electron-mobility_transistor
Series of chemical elements
and oxides. Most are strongly paramagnetic because of their unpaired d electrons, as are many of their compounds. All of the elements that are ferromagnetic
Transition_metal
Negative ion of methane
methane density conditions and, probably, a three-body collision. The electron affinity (Eea) of an atom or molecule (A) is the energy difference between
Negative_methane
Periodic table of the elements with eight or more periods
physical properties are expected to be closer to that of a metal. Its electron affinity is expected to be 3.0 eV, allowing it to form H171, analogous to a
Extended_periodic_table
Type of chemical compounds
solvation of the initial acid, the bond energy between H and X, the electron affinity energy of X, and the solvation energy of X.[citation needed] Observed
Binary_acid
Feature of some periodic tables of the elements
symbol Properties of elements Relative atomic mass Crystal structure Electron affinity configuration Electronegativity (Allen, Pauling) Goldschmidt classification
Dividing line between metals and nonmetals
Dividing_line_between_metals_and_nonmetals
Chemical substance not composed of simpler ones
atomic weight, isotopes, abundance in nature, ionization energy, electron affinity, oxidation states, and electronegativity. The radioactive nuclides
Chemical_element
Organic ion with a negatively charged carbon atom
the electron affinity of •CH3 was predicted to be negative). Such a species would decompose immediately by spontaneous ejection of an electron and would
Carbanion
Russian chemist (1834–1907)
symbol Properties of elements Relative atomic mass Crystal structure Electron affinity configuration Electronegativity (Allen, Pauling) Goldschmidt classification
Dmitri_Mendeleev
Antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication
nitroimidazoles derived from metronidazole such as nimorazole with reduced electron affinity showed less serious neuronal side effects and have found their way
Metronidazole
Principle of atomic physics
meaning that the 1s subshell has 2 electrons, the 2s subshell has 2 electrons, the 2p subshell has 6 electrons, and so on. The configuration is often
Aufbau_principle
Chemical element with atomic number 85 (At)
electronegative than hydrogen, irrespective of its true electronegativity. The electron affinity of astatine, at 233 kJ mol−1, is 21% less than that of iodine. In
Astatine
Chemical element with atomic number 9 (F)
removal of electrons from neutral fluorine atoms. It also has a high electron affinity, second only to chlorine, and tends to capture an electron to become
Fluorine
Charge transfer due to contact or sliding
component is the difference in the work function (also called the electron affinity) between the two materials. This can lead to charge transfer as, for
Triboelectric_effect
Metals with low densities
symbol Properties of elements Relative atomic mass Crystal structure Electron affinity configuration Electronegativity (Allen, Pauling) Goldschmidt classification
Light_metal
Element in first row of periodic table
group 13 or group 14, on the grounds of trends in ionisation energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity. Helium is an unreactive noble gas at standard
Period_1_element
Surface which converts light into electrons via the photoelectric effect
brightness electron beams. Electron beams generated with photocathodes are commonly used for free electron lasers and for ultrafast electron diffraction
Photocathode
Chemical element with atomic number 117 (Ts)
to have the lowest electron affinity—energy released when an electron is added to the atom—in its group; 2.6 or 1.8 eV. The electron of the hypothetical
Tennessine
Energy needed to remove an electron
example, the electron binding energy has the same magnitude as the electron affinity for the neutral chlorine atom. In another example, the electron binding
Ionization_energy
Field of chemistry
is used for assessing the energies of elementary processes such as electron affinity, some of which cannot be observed directly. An important aspect of
Inorganic_chemistry
Wave-like behavior of an electron in a molecule
potential and electron affinity), and is usually located above the optical gap (minimum photon energy required to promote an electron to the lowest excited
Molecular_orbital
Collection of bound atoms or molecules
reactivity is electron affinity. Chlorine has highest electron affinity of any material in the periodic table. Clusters can have high electron affinity and nanoclusters
Nanocluster
Statistical ensemble of particles in thermodynamic equilibrium
energy and electron affinity, respectively; ϕ is the local electrostatic potential in the vacuum nearby the atom, and −q is the electron charge. The
Grand_canonical_ensemble
Temporary name assigned to predicted chemical elements
symbol Properties of elements Relative atomic mass Crystal structure Electron affinity configuration Electronegativity (Allen, Pauling) Goldschmidt classification
Systematic_element_name
symbol Properties of elements Relative atomic mass Crystal structure Electron affinity configuration Electronegativity (Allen, Pauling) Goldschmidt classification
List of chemical elements named after people
List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_people
Chemical element with atomic number 108 (Hs)
not known due to its extraordinarily large electron affinity—the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule to form
Hassium
Row 6 of the periodic table
uneven portions. This is a holdover from early erroneous measurements of electron configurations. Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz pointed out in 1948 that
Period_6_element
Reason behind some elements' anomalous behaviour
nuclear charge by electrons occupying f orbitals. Periodic table Electronegativity Electron affinity Effective nuclear charge Electron configuration Exchange
D-block_contraction
Different forms of the table of elements
table: Bifurcating groups limited to 3 and 13 1953 — Kapustinsky's table: Electron and neutron added to period 0; each period repeats once. There is a secondary
Types_of_periodic_tables
Atom cluster that exhibits properties of elemental atoms
closed shell of electrons, in this new counting scheme.[citation needed] Superhalogens are atom clusters with a higher electron affinity than chlorine,
Superatom
Any element in row 7 of the periodic table
uneven portions. This is a holdover from early erroneous measurements of electron configurations. Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz pointed out in 1948 that
Period_7_element
Chemical element with atomic number 87 (Fr)
less electronegative of the two. Francium should also have a higher electron affinity than caesium and the Fr− ion should be more polarizable than the Cs−
Francium
Chemical element with atomic number 79 (Au)
tetramethylammonium aurides are also known. Gold has the highest electron affinity of any metal, at 222.8 kJ/mol, making Au− a stable species, analogous
Gold
Fourth row in the periodic table of chemical elements
metals—have from 1 to 12 valence electrons respectively, which are placed on 4s and 3d. Twelve electrons over the electron configuration of argon reach the
Period_4_element
Comparison of the properties of the three main categories in the periodic table
compounds (alloys) when combined with other elements; tend to lose or share electrons when they react with other substances; and each forms at least one predominantly
Properties of metals, metalloids and nonmetals
Properties_of_metals,_metalloids_and_nonmetals
Thermodynamic law in chemistry
by constructing Born–Haber cycles if the electron affinity to form the anion is known, or Electron affinities using a Born–Haber cycle with a theoretical
Hess's_law
Water purification process
present many ideal characteristics including: mechanical strength, electron affinity, and also exhibiting flexibility during modification. By restructuring
Reverse_osmosis
Overview of and topical guide to chemistry
elements (data page) – density (solid, liquid, gas) Electron affinity (data page) – electron affinity Melting points of the elements (data page) – melting
Outline_of_chemistry
Theories of quantum chemistry explained via relativistic mechanics
mass of high-velocity electrons and the smaller Bohr radius that results. Ionization energy Electronegativity Electron affinity Quantum mechanics Relativistic
Relativistic quantum chemistry
Relativistic_quantum_chemistry
Redox reaction in which an electron jumps between both reagents
ionization potential of the metal and E e a {\displaystyle E_{ea}} is the electron affinity of the halogen. Generically: Rg + X2 + hν → RgX + X, where Rg is a
Harpoon_reaction
Chemical element with metallic and nonmetallic properties
hole in the octet which can be filled by an electron-pair donated by a Lewis base. Boron has a strong affinity for oxygen and a duly extensive borate chemistry
Metalloid
shear modulus data page Electrical resistivity data page Electron affinity data page Electron configuration data page Electronegativity (Pauling, Allen
Table of specific heat capacities
Table_of_specific_heat_capacities
Chemical element with atomic number 47 (Ag)
electronegativity of 1.93 is higher than that of lead (1.87), and its electron affinity of 125.6 kJ/mol is much higher than that of hydrogen (72.8 kJ/mol)
Silver
Class of extreme chemical compounds
compounds. The electron affinity is 0.080 eV, which is very close to zero. The helium atom is small, with the radius of the outer electron shell at 0.29 Å. Helium
Helium_compounds
Measure of the tendency of a substance to gain or lose electrons
in electrochemistry),[citation needed] the greater the species' affinity for electrons and tendency to be reduced. In aqueous solutions, redox potential
Reduction_potential
symbol Properties of elements Relative atomic mass Crystal structure Electron affinity configuration Electronegativity (Allen, Pauling) Goldschmidt classification
List of chemical elements named after places
List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_places
Third row of the periodic table
under standard conditions, called dichlorine. It has the highest electron affinity and the one of highest electronegativity of all the elements; thus
Period_3_element
Term used for certain metallic elements
elements and the more reactive of the d-block elements. They have a strong affinity for oxygen and mostly exist as relatively low density silicate minerals
Heavy_metals
Development of the table of chemical elements
arrangement of the chemical elements, structured by their atomic number, electron configuration and recurring chemical properties. In the basic form, elements
History_of_the_periodic_table
Molecule with a hydrogen bound to a more electropositive element or group
simplest possible anion, consisting of two electrons and a proton. Hydrogen has a relatively low electron affinity, 72.77 kJ/mol and reacts exothermically
Hydride
Electrical resistivity Electron affinity (data page) — Electron affinity Electron configurations of the elements (data page) — Electron configuration of the
List of data references for chemical elements
List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements
Any of the chemical elements in the second row of the periodic table
eight electrons to complete their valence shell (lithium and beryllium obey duet rule, boron is electron deficient.), where at most eight electrons can
Period_2_element
Splitting of a chemical bond
has higher electron affinity and lower ionization potential than carbon. Heterolysis occurs naturally in reactions that involve electron donor ligands
Bond_cleavage
Electrochemical cleaning of diamond
density electronic chips reference the related lift-off technology. Electron affinity LYRA United States Patent Number 5269890 Pan, LS; Kania DR(1995).
Marchywka_effect
Change of enthalpy during the formation of a compound from its elements
enthalpy of atomization (or bond energy) of fluorine gas. EAF, the electron affinity of a fluorine atom. UL, the lattice energy of lithium fluoride. The
Standard enthalpy of formation
Standard_enthalpy_of_formation
Chinese physicist
addition, he obtained the first theoretically calculated value for the electron affinity spectrum of the hydrogen atom, a problem of fundamental significance
Chih-Kung_Jen
Fifth row of the periodic table
elements. For example, rubidium has 5 electron shells, a property found in all other period 5 elements, whereas its electron configuration's ending is similar
Period_5_element
Substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule
binding affinity. In general, high-affinity ligand binding results from greater attractive forces between the ligand and its receptor while low-affinity ligand
Ligand_(biochemistry)
A and D refer to the acceptor and donor, respectively, EA is the electron affinity, and U the exciton's coulombic binding energy on the donor. An energy
Hybrid_solar_cell
Dye based on the rylene framework of naphthalene units
derivatives are suitable as acceptor materials due to their high electron affinity and high electron mobilities. https://web.archive.org/web/20090809215020/http://www
Rylene_dye
Chemical element with atomic number 35 (Br)
value between chlorine and iodine, such as first ionisation energy, electron affinity, enthalpy of dissociation of the X2 molecule (X = Cl, Br, I), ionic
Bromine
Mass spectrometry method for fragmenting complex macromolecules
Fluoranthene has only about 40% efficiency in electron transfer, however, so other molecules with low electron affinity are being sought. When the precursor cations
Electron-transfer dissociation
Electron-transfer_dissociation
Force observed on an asymmetric capacitor
possibly an effect of the differences between the ionization energy and electron affinity energy of the constituent parts of air; thus the ease of which ions
Biefeld–Brown_effect
symbol Properties of elements Relative atomic mass Crystal structure Electron affinity configuration Electronegativity (Allen, Pauling) Goldschmidt classification
Naming_of_chemical_elements
Vacuum tube device for increasing the intensity of available light
second-generation photocathodes. Secondly, the photocathode exhibits negative electron affinity (NEA), which provides photoelectrons that are excited to the conduction
Image_intensifier
shear modulus data page Electrical resistivity data page Electron affinity data page Electron configuration data page Electronegativity (Pauling, Allen
Hardnesses of the elements (data page)
Hardnesses_of_the_elements_(data_page)
Process in which atoms are released from a hot surface, and are ionized
temperature Negative ionization can also occur for elements with a large electron affinity Δ E A {\displaystyle \Delta E_{\text{A}}} against a surface of low
Thermal_ionization
ELECTRON AFFINITY
ELECTRON AFFINITY
Boy/Male
Biblical
Election; he that is chosen.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Electric Light
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for the buyer of provisions for a large household, from a reduced form of Anglo-Norman French acatour (Late Latin acceptator, an agent derivative of acceptare ‘to accept’). Modern English caterer results from the addition of a second agent suffix to the word.Slovenian (ÄŒater) : status name for a person who read out the Slovenian ceremonial text at the installation of the Carantanian rulers and, later, Carinthian dukes, derived from the dialect verb Äatiti ‘to read’. Carantania was the early medieval Slovenian state on the territory of present-day Carinthia and Styria, now divided between Austria and Slovenia. The people’s installation of the Carantanian rulers was an exceptional example of democratic elections in medieval Europe. Thomas Jefferson knew about it and was influenced by it in his thinking about American Independence.Perhaps also an Americanized spelling of German Köter (see Koetter).
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from a personal name of Gaulish origin, represented in Latin records in the form Caraunus. This name was borne by a 5th-century Breton saint who lived at Chartres and was murdered by robbers; his legend led to its widespread use as a personal name during the Middle Ages.English (of Norman origin) and French : habitational name for someone from Cairon in Calvados, France.English and French : metonymic occupational name for a carter, or possibly a cartwright, from a Norman and Picard form of Old French c(h)arron ‘cart’.There was a Caron or LeCaron, a missionary priest, in Quebec in 1615. The marriage of a Caron, of unknown origin, is recorded in Quebec in 1637.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English biscop, Old English bisc(e)op ‘bishop’, which comes via Latin from Greek episkopos ‘overseer’. The Greek word was adopted early in the Christian era as a title for an overseer of a local community of Christians, and has yielded cognates in every European language: French évêque, Italian vescovo, Spanish obispo, Russian yepiskop, German Bischof, etc. The English surname has probably absorbed at least some of these continental European cognates. The word came to be applied as a surname for a variety of reasons, among them service in the household of a bishop, supposed resemblance in bearing or appearance to a bishop, and selection as the ‘boy bishop’ on St. Nicholas’s Day.
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, Greek
Bright; Shining
Girl/Female
American, Hindu, Indian
Selection
Girl/Female
Greek
Sparkling. The fiery sun. Mythological daughter of Agamemnon. In literature she was a central...
Girl/Female
Indian
Affinity
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Choice; Preference; Selection
Boy/Male
Muslim
Selection, Choice
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Selection; Choice
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Indian, Tamil
To Choose; Selection
Boy/Male
Muslim
Choice, Preference, Selection
Boy/Male
English American
A sometimes used as an independent name. Also, in England, 'Ernie' refers to the Electronic...
Biblical
election; he that is chosen;he will choose;chooser; God does choose;
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Selection choice
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Election; Last Dream
Female
Italian
Italian form of Latin Electra, ELETTRA means "bright, shining."
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, from Greek kyanos, CYAN means "dark blue" and "lapis lazuli." The color cyan is also sometimes called blue-green, electric blue, and turquoise.Â
ELECTRON AFFINITY
ELECTRON AFFINITY
Boy/Male
Hindu
Powerful
Girl/Female
Tamil
Beautiful
Boy/Male
British, English
From Thor's Hill
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Wakeful
Boy/Male
Sikh
Hero of the battle, Winner
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Service.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Daily wages, Pension, Reward
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Tinkling; Cute and Pretty
Boy/Male
Native American
He fights.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Waite.
ELECTRON AFFINITY
ELECTRON AFFINITY
ELECTRON AFFINITY
ELECTRON AFFINITY
ELECTRON AFFINITY
a.
Producing electro-motion; producing, or tending to produce, electricity or an electric current; causing electrical action or effects.
a.
Made of electrum, an alloy used by the ancients.
a.
Of or pertaining to electro-chemistry.
a.
Pertaining to the movements or force of electric or galvanic currents; dependent on electric force.
n.
Alt. of Electro-puncturing
a.
Pertaining to an election or to electors.
a.
Of or pertaining to electro-kinetics.
a.
Pert. to, or caused by, electro-capillarity.
a.
The act of choosing; choice; selection.
n.
The art or science of constructing or using the electric telegraph; the transmission of messages by means of the electric telegraph.
n.
An election held by itself, not at the time of a general election.
a.
Pertaining to electro-ballistics.
n.
An instrument for measuring the strength of electro-dynamic currents.
n.
One versed in electro-biology.
a.
Belonging to the electro-chronograph, or recorded by the aid of it.
a.
Alt. of Electro-metrical
a.
Alt. of Electro-dynamical
n.
A lesson or selection, esp. of Scripture, read in divine service.
n.
Amber; also, the alloy of gold and silver, called electrum.