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Mathematical object that describes the electromagnetic field in spacetime
In electromagnetism, the electromagnetic tensor or electromagnetic field tensor (sometimes called the field strength tensor, Faraday tensor or Maxwell
Electromagnetic_tensor
the electromagnetic stress–energy tensor is the contribution to the stress–energy tensor due to the electromagnetic field. The stress–energy tensor describes
Electromagnetic stress–energy tensor
Electromagnetic_stress–energy_tensor
Relativistic vector field
An electromagnetic four-potential is a relativistic vector function from which the electromagnetic field can be derived. It combines both an electric
Electromagnetic four-potential
Electromagnetic_four-potential
Ways of writing certain laws of physics
The electromagnetic tensor is the combination of the electric and magnetic fields into a covariant antisymmetric tensor whose entries are
Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism
Covariant_formulation_of_classical_electromagnetism
Electromagnetic stress
classical electromagnetism, the Maxwell stress tensor (named after James Clerk Maxwell) is the stress tensor of an electromagnetic field. In tensor index
Maxwell_stress_tensor
Algebraic object with geometric applications
(electromagnetic tensor, Maxwell tensor, permittivity, magnetic susceptibility, etc.), and general relativity (stress–energy tensor, curvature tensor,
Tensor
Relationship between relativity and pre-quantum electromagnetism
the next. Another covariant electromagnetic object is the electromagnetic stress–energy tensor, a covariant rank-2 tensor which includes the Poynting
Classical electromagnetism and special relativity
Classical_electromagnetism_and_special_relativity
Second-rank tensor in quantum chromodynamics
In theoretical particle physics, the gluon field strength tensor is a second-order tensor field characterizing the gluon interaction between quarks. The
Gluon_field_strength_tensor
Branch of theoretical physics
rewritten in term of four-current (instead of charge) and a single electromagnetic tensor that represents the combined field ( F μ ν {\displaystyle F^{\mu
Classical_electromagnetism
Equations describing classical electromagnetism
one formalism. In the tensor calculus formulation, the electromagnetic tensor Fαβ is an antisymmetric covariant order 2 tensor; the four-potential, Aα
Maxwell's_equations
Tensor index notation for tensor-based calculations
notation and manipulation for tensors and tensor fields on a differentiable manifold, with or without a metric tensor or connection. It is also the modern
Ricci_calculus
Tensor describing energy momentum density in spacetime
stress-energy tensor The stress–energy tensor, sometimes called the stress–energy–momentum tensor or the energy–momentum tensor, is a tensor field quantity
Stress–energy_tensor
Electric and magnetic fields produced by moving charged objects
oscillation that propagates through space, known as an electromagnetic wave. Mathematically, the electromagnetic field is a pair of vector fields consisting of
Electromagnetic_field
Formulations of electromagnetism
various mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field that are used in the study of electromagnetism, one of the four fundamental interactions
Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field
Mathematical_descriptions_of_the_electromagnetic_field
Production of voltage by a varying magnetic field
as the basis of his quantitative electromagnetic theory. In Maxwell's model, the time varying aspect of electromagnetic induction is expressed as a differential
Electromagnetic_induction
Superenergy tensor of gravitational field flux-energy in a vacuum
electromagnetic stress–energy tensor is built from the electromagnetic tensor. Like the electromagnetic stress–energy tensor, the Bel–Robinson tensor
Bel–Robinson_tensor
Tensor equal to the negative of any of its transpositions
tensor is antisymmetric with respect to its first three indices. If a tensor changes sign under exchange of each pair of its indices, then the tensor
Antisymmetric_tensor
Application of Lagrangian mechanics to field theories
fields into what is known as the electromagnetic tensor F μ ν {\displaystyle F_{\mu \nu }} . We define this tensor as F μ ν = ∂ μ A ν − ∂ ν A μ {\displaystyle
Lagrangian_(field_theory)
Electromagnetism in general relativity
term in the Einstein field equations, the electromagnetic stress–energy tensor is a covariant symmetric tensor T μ ν = − 1 μ 0 ( F μ α g α β F β ν − 1 4
Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime
Maxwell's_equations_in_curved_spacetime
Fundamental interaction between charged particles
physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is
Electromagnetism
Type of pump
An electromagnetic pump is a pump that moves liquid metal, molten salt, brine, or other electrically conductive liquid using electromagnetism. A magnetic
Electromagnetic_pump
Four-vector analogue of the gradient operation
In GR, one must use the more general metric tensor g α β {\displaystyle g^{\alpha \beta }} and the tensor covariant derivative ∇ μ = ; μ {\displaystyle
Four-gradient
Basic law of electromagnetism
and magnetic fields are understood as components of a single electromagnetic field tensor. Under a change of inertial frame, the two fields transform into
Faraday's_law_of_induction
Phenomena related to electric charge
of the other is always induced. These variations are an electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic waves were analysed theoretically by James Clerk Maxwell
Electricity
Force acting on charged particles in electric and magnetic fields
{\boldsymbol {\sigma }}} is the Maxwell stress tensor, ∇ ⋅ {\displaystyle \nabla \cdot } denotes the tensor divergence, c {\displaystyle c} is the speed
Lorentz_force
Physical phenomenon in electromagnetic field theory
Relativistic electromagnetism is a physical phenomenon explained in electromagnetic field theory due to Coulomb's law and Lorentz transformations. After
Relativistic_electromagnetism
English chemist and physicist (1791–1867)
discovered the principles of electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and the laws of electrolysis. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the
Michael_Faraday
Isomorphism between the tangent and cotangent bundles of a manifold
}A^{\rho \sigma }} Let's apply this to the theory of electromagnetism. The contravariant electromagnetic tensor in the (+ − − −) signature is given by F α β =
Musical_isomorphism
The history of electromagnetic theory begins with ancient measures to understand atmospheric electricity, in particular lightning. People then had little
History of electromagnetic theory
History_of_electromagnetic_theory
Rank-3 tensor in general relativity associated with gauge fields
The Lanczos tensor or Lanczos potential is a rank 3 tensor in general relativity that generates the Weyl tensor. It was first introduced by Cornelius
Lanczos_tensor
Law of electrical current and voltage
frequency-dependent effects in AC circuits. Modern developments in electromagnetic theory and circuit theory do not contradict Ohm's law when they are
Ohm's_law
Geometric space with six dimensions
single object, the six-dimensional electromagnetic tensor, a tensor- or bivector-valued representation of the electromagnetic field. Using this Maxwell's equations
Six-dimensional_space
Foundational law of electromagnetism relating electric field and charge distributions
denotes the time components of the electromagnetic tensor; g {\displaystyle g} is the determinant of metric tensor; d S κ = d S i j = d x i d x j {\displaystyle
Gauss's_law
Physical concept
The electromagnetic mass of a system is the contribution of electromagnetic interactions to its inertia as calculated using classical electrodynamics
Electromagnetic_mass
Electromagnetic opposition to change
However, the situation becomes more complicated when the finite speed of electromagnetic wave propagation is introduced (see retarded potential). This means
Lenz's_law
Equation in physics
In electromagnetism and applications, an inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation, or nonhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation, is one of a set
Inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation
Inhomogeneous_electromagnetic_wave_equation
replicate those findings using different Google Earth images. Very weak electromagnetic fields disrupt the magnetic compass used by European robins and other
Earth's_magnetic_field
Materials engineered to have properties that have not yet been found in nature
"Evolution of metamaterial physics," in Ref. Electromagnetic metamaterials are metamaterials affecting electromagnetic waves that impinge on or interact with
Metamaterial
Physical model of propagating energy
In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or an electromagnetic wave (EMW) is a self-propagating wave of the electromagnetic field that carries momentum
Electromagnetic_radiation
Law of classical electromagnetism
deriving the Biot–Savart law include: 1) Lorentz transformation of the electromagnetic tensor components from a moving frame of reference, where there is only
Biot–Savart_law
Assignment of a tensor continuously varying across a region of space
In mathematics and physics, a tensor field is a function assigning a tensor to each point of a region of a mathematical space (typically a Euclidean space
Tensor_field
Mathematical operation on vector spaces
two vectors is sometimes called an elementary tensor or a decomposable tensor. The elementary tensors span V ⊗ W {\displaystyle V\otimes W} in the sense
Tensor_product
4D analogue of electric current density
where ◻ {\displaystyle \Box } is the D'Alembert operator, or the electromagnetic field tensor: ∇ α F α β = μ 0 J β {\displaystyle \nabla _{\alpha }F^{\alpha
Four-current
Hypothetical particle with one magnetic pole
of the Minkowski metric is (+ − − −). The electromagnetic tensor and its Hodge dual are antisymmetric tensors: F α β = − F β α , F ~ α β = − F ~ β α {\displaystyle
Magnetic_monopole
Rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit
ISBN 978-0-7381-6058-0. Hayt, William H.; Buck, John A. (2012). Engineering Electromagnetics (8 ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 385. ISBN 978-0-07-338066-7. "Yearly electricity
Electric_power
Type of potential in electrodynamics
electrodynamics, the retarded potentials are the electromagnetic potentials for the electromagnetic field generated by time-varying electric current or
Retarded_potential
Physical quantities taking values at each point in space and time
example of a vector field. Strain tensor, representing the deformation of matter caused by stress, is an example of a tensor field. Field theories, mathematical
Field_(physics)
Fundamental physical law of electromagnetism
2022-10-09. Heaviside, Oliver (1894). Electromagnetic waves, the propagation of potential, and the electromagnetic effects of a moving charge. Archived
Coulomb's_law
Motor which works on direct current
of the electromagnetic field created. The sequence of turning a particular coil on or off dictates what direction the effective electromagnetic fields
DC_motor
Branch of physics
Computational electromagnetics (CEM), computational electrodynamics or electromagnetic modeling is the process of modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields
Computational electromagnetics
Computational_electromagnetics
Electric current that periodically reverses direction
charge) creates electromagnetic waves (a phenomenon known as electromagnetic radiation). Electric conductors are not conducive to electromagnetic waves (a perfect
Alternating_current
Measure of the electric polarizability of a dielectric material
frequencies. For the 3D measurement of dielectric tensors at optical frequency, Dielectric tensor tomography can be used. Acoustic attenuation Density
Permittivity
Electrical conductivity with exactly zero resistance
that the Meissner effect was a consequence of the minimization of the electromagnetic free energy carried by superconducting current. The theoretical model
Superconductivity
Specialty of electronic engineering
specified geographical area by an electromagnetic field or to provide specified sensitivity to an electromagnetic field impinging on the antenna. Design
Radio-frequency_engineering
Ability of magnetization
permeability response to an alternating electromagnetic field in the microwave frequency domain is treated as a non-diagonal tensor expressed by: B ( ω ) = | μ 1
Permeability (electromagnetism)
Permeability_(electromagnetism)
SI derived unit of power
machines, and heaters. It is also a common unit used to express the electromagnetic power output of broadcast radio and television transmitters. One kilowatt
Watt
List of physics and engineering textbooks covering electromagnetism
The Theory of Electromagnetism, Pergamon, 1964. Kong JA, Electromagnetic Wave Theory, 3rd ed, EMW, 2008. Schelkunoff SA, Electromagnetic Waves, Van Nostrand
List of textbooks in electromagnetism
List_of_textbooks_in_electromagnetism
Spinning motion in theoretical physics
theoretical physics, the spin tensor is a quantity used to describe the rotational motion of particles in spacetime. The spin tensor has application in general
Spin_tensor
Physical theory describing classical fields
field: the electromagnetic field. Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism describes the interaction of charged matter with the electromagnetic field. The
Classical_field_theory
Electromagnetic metamaterials are metamaterials affecting electromagnetic waves that impinge on or interact with its structural features, which are smaller
Electromagnetic_metamaterial
Electrically insulating substance able to be polarised by an applied electric field
light. It is defined as the constant of proportionality (which may be a tensor) relating an electric field E {\displaystyle \mathbf {E} } to the induced
Dielectric
Device or system that exhibits resonance
at other frequencies. The oscillations in a resonator can be either electromagnetic or mechanical (including acoustic). Resonators are used to either generate
Resonator
Object that has a magnetic field
magnetic dipoles. Dipole magnet Earnshaw's theorem Electret Electromagnetic field Electromagnetism Halbach array Magnetic nanoparticles Magnetic switch Magneto
Magnet
Flow of electric charge
the surrounding electromagnetic wave to the speed of light in free space is called the velocity factor, and depends on the electromagnetic properties of
Electric_current
Shielding an object from view using materials made to redirect light
by the object itself. Electromagnetic metamaterials respond to chosen parts of radiated light, also known as the electromagnetic spectrum, in a manner
Metamaterial_cloaking
Equations of electromagnetism
(1912). Electromagnetic radiation. Cambridge: University Press. Kirk T. McDonald, The relation between expressions for time-dependent electromagnetic fields
Jefimenko's_equations
Expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor
explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided ∇ 2 H = λ − 2
Meissner_effect
Object or material which allows the flow of electric charge with little energy loss
current Induction Lenz's law Electromagnetic mass Abraham–Lorentz force Larmor formula Poynting's theorem Maxwell tensor Electrical network Alternating
Electrical_conductor
Study of still or slow electric charges
1080/00150199208230043. ISSN 0015-0193. Hermann A. Haus; James R. Melcher (1989). Electromagnetic Fields and Energy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-249020-X
Electrostatics
Measure of directional electromagnetic energy flux
essentially says that the difference between the electromagnetic energy entering a region and the electromagnetic energy leaving a region must equal the energy
Poynting_vector
Unidirectional flow of electric charge
(real) Rotor Stator Transformer Covariant formulation Electromagnetic tensor Electromagnetism and special relativity Four-current Four-potential Mathematical
Direct_current
Abbreviation in the fields of special and general relativity
relativity, a four-tensor is an abbreviation for a tensor in a four-dimensional spacetime. General four-tensors are usually written in tensor index notation
Four-tensor
derive the electromagnetic wave equation in his 1865 paper A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, showing that light is an electromagnetic wave.
History of Maxwell's equations
History_of_Maxwell's_equations
Concept in classical electromagnetism
able to hypothesize (correctly) that light was a form of electromagnetic wave. See electromagnetic wave equation for a discussion of this important discovery
Ampère's_circuital_law
Theorem in classical electromagnetism
time-harmonic electric current densities (sources) and the resulting electromagnetic fields in Maxwell's equations for time-invariant linear media under
Reciprocity (electromagnetism)
Reciprocity_(electromagnetism)
Assemblage of connected electrical elements
current Induction Lenz's law Electromagnetic mass Abraham–Lorentz force Larmor formula Poynting's theorem Maxwell tensor Electrical network Alternating
Electrical_network
rank-two tensor. The electromagnetic field tensor F a b {\displaystyle F^{ab}} , a rank-two antisymmetric tensor. Although the word 'tensor' refers to an object
Mathematics of general relativity
Mathematics_of_general_relativity
field. Tensors also have extensive applications in physics: Electromagnetic tensor (or Faraday's tensor) in electromagnetism Finite deformation tensors for
Introduction to the mathematics of general relativity
Introduction_to_the_mathematics_of_general_relativity
Property of space that quantifies the magnetic influence at a given location
combines the electric and magnetic fields into a rank-2 tensor, called the electromagnetic tensor. Changing reference frames mixes these components. This
Magnetic_field
Charge transfer due to contact or sliding
(real) Rotor Stator Transformer Covariant formulation Electromagnetic tensor Electromagnetism and special relativity Four-current Four-potential Mathematical
Triboelectric_effect
Physical quantity in electromagnetism
Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field Maxwell used this amended version of Ampère's circuital law to derive the electromagnetic wave equation. This
Displacement_current_density
Field-equations in general relativity
energy–momentum tensor T μ ν {\displaystyle T_{\mu \nu }} is that of an electromagnetic field in free space, i.e. if the electromagnetic stress–energy tensor T α
Einstein_field_equations
Algebra associated to any vector space
alternating tensor subspace. On the other hand, the image A ( T ( V ) ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}(\mathrm {T} (V))} is always the alternating tensor graded
Exterior_algebra
Material property
energy. Permeance is usually represented by a curly capital P: P. In electromagnetism, permeance is the inverse of reluctance. In a magnetic circuit, permeance
Permeance
French physicist and mathematician (1775–1836)
Using this physical explanation of electromagnetic motion, Ampère developed a physical account of electromagnetic phenomena that was both empirically
André-Marie_Ampère
Italian chemist and physicist (1745–1827)
(real) Rotor Stator Transformer Covariant formulation Electromagnetic tensor Electromagnetism and special relativity Four-current Four-potential Mathematical
Alessandro_Volta
Tensor field in Riemannian geometry
mathematical field of differential geometry, the Riemann curvature tensor or Riemann–Christoffel tensor (after Bernhard Riemann and Elwin Bruno Christoffel) is the
Riemann_curvature_tensor
Resistance to magnetic flux
current Induction Lenz's law Electromagnetic mass Abraham–Lorentz force Larmor formula Poynting's theorem Maxwell tensor Electrical network Alternating
Magnetic_reluctance
Structure defining distance on a manifold
metric field on M consists of a metric tensor at each point p of M that varies smoothly with p. A metric tensor g is positive-definite if g ( v , v ) >
Metric_tensor
Amount of charge flowing through a unit cross-sectional area per unit time
materials, for example, in crystalline materials, the conductivity is a tensor, and the current is not necessarily in the same direction as the applied
Current_density
German physicist (1857–1894)
conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves proposed by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was born
Heinrich_Hertz
Class of physical phenomena
generalization of Coulomb's law. Gauss's force law states that the electromagnetic force F 1 {\textstyle \mathbf {F} _{1}} experienced by a point charge
Magnetism
Faraday paradox (electromagnetism) Faraday paradox (electrochemistry) Faraday rotator Faraday tensor, also known as electromagnetic tensor – Mathematical
List of things named after Michael Faraday
List_of_things_named_after_Michael_Faraday
Sudden flow of electric current between two electrically charged objects by contact
shipping, and it may be necessary to incorporate electrostatic or electromagnetic shielding in the packaging material. A common example is that semiconductor
Electrostatic_discharge
Physical theory with fields invariant under the action of local "gauge" Lie groups
Aharonov–Bohm effect Charge (physics) Coulomb gauge Electromagnetic four-potential Electromagnetic tensor Electroweak theory Fock symmetry Gauge covariant
Gauge_theory
Technique in chemistry and manufacturing
(real) Rotor Stator Transformer Covariant formulation Electromagnetic tensor Electromagnetism and special relativity Four-current Four-potential Mathematical
Electrolysis
Loops of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field
resistivity generate heat as well as electromagnetic forces. The heat can be used for induction heating. The electromagnetic forces can be used for levitation
Eddy_current
Representation of a tensor in Euclidean space
a Cartesian tensor uses an orthonormal basis to represent a tensor in a Euclidean space in the form of components. Converting a tensor's components from
Cartesian_tensor
Electromagnetic property of matter
electric charges with an electromagnetic field (a combination of an electric and a magnetic field) is the source of the electromagnetic (or Lorentz) force,
Electric_charge
British mathematical physicist (1793–1841)
connection with the luminiferous aether, he introduced the Cauchy–Green tensor. He showed that the 21 moduli required to fully account for the elastic
George_Green_(mathematician)
ELECTROMAGNETIC TENSOR
ELECTROMAGNETIC TENSOR
ELECTROMAGNETIC TENSOR
ELECTROMAGNETIC TENSOR
ELECTROMAGNETIC TENSOR
ELECTROMAGNETIC TENSOR
ELECTROMAGNETIC TENSOR
ELECTROMAGNETIC TENSOR
ELECTROMAGNETIC TENSOR