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An electrode array is a configuration of electrodes used for measuring either an electric current or voltage. Some electrode arrays can operate in a bidirectional
Electrode_array
Device in neurophysiology
implantable arrays were microwire arrays developed in the 1950s. The first experiment involving the use of an array of planar electrodes to record from
Microelectrode_array
Implant in a blood vessel of the brain
Stentrode (Stent-electrode recording array) is a small stent-mounted electrode array permanently implanted into a blood vessel in the brain, without the
Stent-electrode recording array
Stent-electrode_recording_array
Speed at which an electrochemical impulse propagates down a neural pathway
wet electrodes, multi-electrode arrays offer the following: Electrodes are about 1/10 the size of standard wet surface electrodes Arrays of electrodes can
Nerve_conduction_velocity
Connection between brain and computer
(ECoG and endovascular) to invasive (microelectrode array), based on how physically close electrodes are to brain tissue. Research on BCIs began in the
Brain–computer_interface
Electrophysiological method to record electrical activity of the brain
electrode arrays using micro-machining. The single channel dry EEG electrode construction and results were published in 1994. The arrayed electrode was
Electroencephalography
Method to measure responses of a neuron
microelectrodes developed for recording. 1967: The first record of multi-electrode arrays for recording was published by Marg and Adams. They applied this method
Single-unit_recording
Device for long-term recording or stimulation of neural activity in living tissue
A chronic electrode implant is an electronic device implanted chronically (for a long period) into the brain or other electrically excitable tissue. It
Chronic_electrode_implant
Type of electrophysiological monitoring
location along the electrode array. However, when using a subdural strip, stimulation must be applied between pairs of adjacent electrodes due to the nonconductive
Electrocorticography
Visual prosthesis
dense electrode arrays, allowing for improved spatial resolution. The most recent ARGUS II device contains 60 electrodes, and a 200 electrode device
Retinal_implant
Pseudoscientific alternative medicine
providing an electric current to an electrode array immersed in a salt water solution. When switched on, the electrodes rapidly rust in a chemical process
Detoxification_foot_baths
Discipline related to neuroscience and biomedical engineering
an implant, the implant would map the image across an array of electrodes. The array of electrodes has to effectively stimulate 600–1000 locations, stimulating
Neuroprosthetics
Electrical properties of biological cells
neurons via parallelized intracellular recording with a microhole electrode array". Nature Biomedical Engineering. 9: 1144–1154. doi:10.1038/s41551-025-01352-5
Electrophysiology
Australian public company
implants, the CI522, CI532 which had a perimodular electrode array, CI551 which had a double array, and the Nucleus ABI 541, which was an auditory brainstem
Cochlear_Limited
Australian biotechnology company
research use. The system integrates lab-grown human neurons on an electrode array within a housing that includes an internal life-support system with
Cortical_Labs
Device that connects to a brain
cyberkinetics implementation of the Utah array. These same electrodes, or derivations thereof using the same biocompatible electrode materials, are currently used
Brain_implant
Brain-computer interface technology
whereby sensory information can be sent to one's brain through an electrode array which sits atop the tongue. It was initially developed by Paul Bach-y-Rita
Brainport
Medical intervention
University of Wurzburg, Germany, performed an ABI implantation using a 12-electrode array implant with an audio processor based on the MED-EL C40+ cochlear implant
Auditory_brainstem_implant
American brain-computer interface company
for the most electrodes simultaneously recording cortical activity from a human brain, deploying 4,096 electrodes across four Layer 7 arrays during a single
Precision_Neuroscience
Geophysical exploration method
been wheeled arrays. These use spiked wheels or metal disks as electrodes, and may use a square array (a variation of the Wenner array) to avoid the
Electrical_resistance_survey
American medical device company
The Cortical Module consists of a 421-channel microwire electrode array, with 421 electrodes approximately 1.55 mm long (0.06 inches) that extend just
Paradromics
Integrated circuit technology
neurons via parallelized intracellular recording with a microhole electrode array". Nature Biomedical Engineering. 9 (7): 1144–1154. doi:10.1038/s41551-025-01352-5
Neuromorphic_computing
Study of neural function
extracellular recording of local field potentials are especially common. Multi-electrode arrays on semiconductor chips can perform in vitro extracellular recording
Neurophysiology
Artificial device that replaces a missing body part
include surface electrodes that detect electrical activity on the skin, needle electrodes implanted in muscle, or solid-state electrode arrays with nerves
Prosthesis
Function for correlating hair cells with auditory neurons
function provides the mathematical basis for cochlear implant surgical electrode array placement within the cochlea. In 1961, Professor Donald D. Greenwood
Greenwood_function
a patterned array of individually controllable electrodes. When looking at a closed system, there is usually a continuous ground electrode found through
Digital_microfluidics
Purposeful modulation of nervous system activity
two types of electrode arrays called planar type or three dimensional needle or pillar type, where needle type array such as Utah array is mostly used
Neurostimulation
Device in neurophysiology
; Rose, K.; Wilson, T.; Krulevitch, P. (2002). "Stretchable micro-electrode array [for retinal prosthesis]". 2nd Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special
Stretchable microelectrode array
Stretchable_microelectrode_array
Particle motion in a non-uniform electric field due to dipole-field interactions
the field gradient is zero (such as at the center of an axisymmetric electrode array), as the equations only take into account the dipole formed and not
Dielectrophoresis
Method of measuring electrical impedance
but no sense connection for the ground wires. Electrode array Wenner array configuration Schlumberger array configuration Electrical measurements Chandra
Four-terminal_sensing
Prosthesis
implant, which contains a coil to receive signals, electronics, and an array of electrodes that stimulate the cochlear nerve, which is placed into the cochlea
Cochlear_implant
Noninvasive type of medical imaging
permittivity, and impedance of a part of the body is inferred from surface electrode measurements and used to form a tomographic image of that part. Electrical
Electrical impedance tomography
Electrical_impedance_tomography
Surgical procedure
This helps the implant team to predict where the contacts of the electrode array will be located within the cochlea, which can assist with audio processor
Robotic_surgery
Body modification type
scientist Kevin Warwick who experimented with both an RFID and an electrode array implant. Since then, many different artists have done many kinds of
Subdermal_implant
Cell culture of neurons
neuronal networks are connected to an input/output device such as a multi-electrode array (MEA), thus allowing two-way communication between the researcher and
Cultured_neuronal_network
Philosophical movement
a lot further than merely making a proposal. In 2002 he had a 100 electrode array surgically implanted into the median nerves of his left arm to link
Transhumanism
with an RFID implant. He followed that up in 2002 by having a 100 electrode array implanted in his nervous system Jocelyn Wildenstein ("Lion Queen/Cat
List of people known for extensive body modification
List_of_people_known_for_extensive_body_modification
Nanotechnology simulation of human organ function
Doyle J, et al. (June 2017). "Organs-on-Chips with combined multi-electrode array and transepithelial electrical resistance measurement capabilities"
Organ-on-a-chip
between electrodes. Interpretation of gathered data is performed based on the dependency ρk(AB/2). The application of large electrode arrays allows for
Vertical_electrical_sounding
Computing by new or unusual methods
neurons via parallelized intracellular recording with a microhole electrode array". Nature Biomedical Engineering. 9 (7): 1144–1154. doi:10.1038/s41551-025-01352-5
Unconventional_computing
implant. Intracranial electrodes consist of conductive electrode arrays implanted on a polymer or silicon, or a wire electrode with an exposed tip and
Surface chemistry of neural implants
Surface_chemistry_of_neural_implants
Cybernetic organism ("hybrid robot")
cultured rat cortical neurons with robotic platforms. Use of multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) to record and stimulate living neurons. Many hybrots were built
Hybrot
surgical technique used for electrode array insertion is also important: the smaller the force used to insert the electrode, the greater the chance of
Electric_acoustic_stimulation
the University of Utah. He is known for inventing the Utah array in-vivo electrode array for brain–computer interfaces and is presently on the advisory
Richard_A._Normann
Medical procedure
Ablation System, FDA approved in 2001, utilizes a metallized mesh electrode array that is introduced into the uterine cavity, applying bipolar electrical
Endometrial_ablation
Microtechnology
to the development of Michigan probes and the Utah electrode array, which have increased electrodes per unit volume, while addressing problems of thick
Bio-MEMS
NASA Mars lander (2008)
sensing electrodes for oxygen and carbon dioxide worked on the same principle but with gas-permeable membranes. A gold micro-electrode array was used
Phoenix_(spacecraft)
Chemical compound
"Analysis of flavonoids in honey by HPLC coupled with coulometric electrode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry". Analytical
Quercetin
Multinational medical device company
1997. The ABI is similar in design to a cochlear implant, however the electrode array is placed on the cochlear nucleus of the brainstem, as opposed to being
MED-EL
Dong-Wook; et al. (October 20, 2014). "Graphene-based carbon-layered electrode array technology for neural imaging and optogenetic applications". Nature
Potential applications of graphene
Potential_applications_of_graphene
High-capacity electrochemical capacitor
into 3 types: Electrostatic double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) use carbon electrodes or derivatives with much higher electrostatic double-layer capacitance
Supercapacitor
Electronic circuit formed on a small, flat piece of semiconductor material
"Commercialisation of CMOS Integrated Circuit Technology in Multi-Electrode Arrays for Neuroscience and Cell-Based Biosensors". Sensors. 11 (5): 4943–4971
Integrated_circuit
Fixed-value capacitor using ceramic
or more alternating layers of ceramic and a metal layer acting as the electrodes. The composition of the ceramic material defines the electrical behavior
Ceramic_capacitor
Part of a PEM fuel cell
electrode used in fuel cells and electrolyzers. The PEM is sandwiched between two electrodes which have the catalyst embedded in them. The electrodes
Membrane_electrode_assembly
American neuroscientist
control of finger movements, as well as high-density carbon fiber electrode arrays. She is also an associate professor for robotics, biomedical engineering
Cynthia_Chestek
American neuroscientist and professor
Retrieved 2009-01-02. "ResearchCrossroads Research Grant Scala Tympani Electrode Arrays". Retrieved 2009-01-02. "ResearchCrossroads Research Grant Development
Michael_Merzenich
Phenomenon in cognitive neuroscience
stimuli to the dorsum of the tongue via a flexible electrode array placed in the mouth. This electrode array is connected to a Tongue Display Unit [TDU] via
Sensory_substitution
Prototype of cochlear implant
conventional cochlear implant: the magnet, antenna coil, electronics and the electrode array, however will also include the features of an audio processor including
Totally implantable cochlear implant
Totally_implantable_cochlear_implant
Method of analyzing electrochemical reactions
a type of voltammetric measurement where the potential of the working electrode is ramped linearly versus time. Unlike in linear sweep voltammetry, after
Cyclic_voltammetry
Chemical reaction run in a continuous stream
itself but also on the geometry or nature of the electrode (or electrodes in the case of an electrode array). The process development change from a serial
Flow_chemistry
Device intended to restore vision to blind people
using intracortical electrode arrays in 2009. While similar in principle to the Dobelle system, the use of intracortical electrodes allow for greatly increased
Visual_prosthesis
Type of electrical circuit model
is desired to measure resistivity of bulk material by applying an electrode array at the surface. Amongst the fields that use this technique are geophysics
Distributed-element_model
electrostatic plotters; the imaging paper is directly exposed to the charging electrode array. Electrostatic plotters can print in black and white or in color. Some
Electrostatic_plotter
French neurotechnologist
afferents from multiple nerves using a microfabricated PDMS microchannel electrode array; E. Delivopoulos, D. Chew, I.R. Minev, J.W. Fawcett, S.P. Lacour; Lab
Stéphanie_P._Lacour
Intracortical device designed to read the electrical signals of the brain
The neurotrophic electrode is an intracortical device designed to read the electrical signals that the brain uses to process information. It consists
Neurotrophic_electrode
Class of chemical compounds
"Quantification of Alkylresorcinol Metabolites in Urine by HPLC with Coulometric Electrode Array Detection". Clinical Chemistry. 53 (7): 1380–1383. doi:10.1373/clinchem
Alkylresorcinol
Device that controls current between electrodes
a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied. It takes the
Vacuum_tube
Neurointerventionist
2020. Oxley, Thomas (2016). "Minimally Invasive Endovascular Stent-Electrode Array for High-Fidelity, Chronic Recordings of Cortical Neural Activity"
Thomas_Oxley_(neurologist)
Interdisciplinary science integrating biology and mechatronics
wires which detect electrical activity, needle electrodes implanted in muscles, and electrode arrays with nerves growing through them. The purpose of
Biomechatronics
American neuroscientist
intrafascicular arrays. This included the implantation of Utah Slant Electrode Arrays and utilized endpoint forces to determine individual electrode effects and
Gregory_A._Clark
Type of synthetic microstructure
free-standing film, and then sputter-coating two strip electrodes of gold across the nanotube arrays that were protruding from the polymer matrix. The flexible
Vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays
Vertically_aligned_carbon_nanotube_arrays
Type of cognitive prosthesis
the neural spikes in the cells with an electrode array, and then playing back the same pattern on the same array. After stimulating the rat hippocampi
Hippocampal_prosthesis
Medical condition
cochlea implants. Cochlea implants have four main parts including the electrode array, the transmitter, the receiver/stimulator and the microphone. The microphone
Epstein_syndrome
Biological process
cell activity. The cochlear implant involves a surgically implanted electrode array and an external device that processes sound. All studied nonmammalian
Inner_ear_regeneration
Subset of neuroprosthetics
damage to surrounding tissues. More recent models, such as the "Utah" Electrode Array use deeper cortical stimulation that would hypothetically provide higher
Cortical_implant
A groundbed is an array of electrodes, installed in the ground to provide a low-resistance electrical path to ground or earth. A groundbed is a component
Groundbed
Chemical compound
"Quantification of Alkylresorcinol Metabolites in Urine by HPLC with Coulometric Electrode Array Detection". Clinical Chemistry. 53 (7): 1380–1383. doi:10.1373/clinchem
3,5-Dihydroxyphenylpropionoic acid
3,5-Dihydroxyphenylpropionoic_acid
Electric current produced in living cells
"Detection of Electrical Activity of Pancreatic Beta-cells Using Micro-electrode Arrays". 2010 Fifth IEEE International Symposium on Electronic Design, Test
Developmental_bioelectricity
Small computing device worn on the body
electronically linked to Warwick's nervous system via an implanted electrode array. The color of the necklace changed between red and blue dependent on
Wearable_computer
Sound frequency changes responsible for perceptions of loudness, pitch and timbre
direct electric stimulation of the auditory nerve, achieved via an electrode array placed inside the cochlea. Hence, here, other factors than device signal
Temporal envelope and fine structure
Temporal_envelope_and_fine_structure
Material with changing electrical resistance according to its surroundings
bridges the gap between two electrodes or coats a set of interdigitated electrodes. The resistance between the electrodes can be easily measured. The
Chemiresistor
Type of field-effect transistor
transistor will change accordingly. Here, the solution is used as the gate electrode. A voltage between substrate and oxide surfaces arises due to an ion sheath
ISFET
size and sophistication, from the simple tetrode array of four electrodes, to multielectrode arrays with hundreds of signals, to integrated multi-thousand
Spike_sorting
– distinguished professor of bioengineering, inventor of the Utah Electrode Array interface for studying parallel information processing in sensory corteces
List of University of Utah people
List_of_University_of_Utah_people
Form of homeostatic plasticity
in-vitro neural networks (age > 3 weeks in-vitro) growing on Multi Electrode Arrays examined the correlation between network activity levels and changes
Synaptic_scaling
Auditory phenomenon in the brain
electrical stimulation to the appropriate internal electrodes to represent the sounds. The electrode array stimulates auditory nerve fibers in the cochlea
Auditory_brainstem_response
South Korean electrical engineer
neurons via parallelized intracellular recording with a microhole electrode array". Nature Biomedical Engineering. 9 (7): 1144–1154. doi:10.1038/s41551-025-01352-5
Donhee_Ham
Fabrication process for joining materials
non-consumable electrode processes. Counter-intuitively, DCEP provides more penetration with consumable electrode processes. A consumable electrode, like a welding
Welding
Medical research organization in California, US
(November 13, 2010). Retrieved May 27, 2013. Leo A. Bullara. "Implantable Electrode Array" United States Patent 4,573,481. USPTO Patent Full-Text and Image Database
Huntington Medical Research Institutes
Huntington_Medical_Research_Institutes
Electrodiagnostic medicine technique
EMG can be recorded by a pair of electrodes or by a more complex array of multiple electrodes. More than one electrode is needed because EMG recordings
Electromyography
Brazilian physician (born 1961)
AASDAP in São Paulo. He and his colleagues at Duke University implanted electrode arrays into a monkey's brain that were able to detect the monkey's motor intent
Miguel_Nicolelis
Collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface
nucleic acid sequences in the target. The original nucleic acid arrays were macro arrays approximately 9 cm × 12 cm and the first computerized image based
DNA_microarray
American clinician-scientist and ophthalmologist
are the first light-sensitive cells in the retina. Using a micro-electrode array in the ipRGCs of murine mice, Van Gelder found that there are three
Russell_Van_Gelder
Hypothetical reconstruction of information from the brain
this neuron's behavior. New techniques such as high-density multi-electrode array recordings and multi-photon calcium imaging techniques now make it
Neural_decoding
Channon, Robert B.; Henry, Charles S. (2019-02-05). "Thermoplastic Electrode Arrays in Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Devices". Analytical Chemistry
Paper-based_microfluidics
Converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal
replaced by an ion-sensitive membrane, electrolyte solution and reference electrode. The ISFET is widely used in biomedical applications, such as the detection
Sensor
as a function of a coordinated dynamical system. fMRI, large-scale electrode arrays, and MEG expand upon the patterns seen in EEG by providing visual confirmation
Metastability_in_the_brain
Assembly of photovoltaic cells used to generate electricity
structure. Solar cells need to be connected together by electrodes to form a module, with front electrodes blocking the solar cell front optical surface area
Solar_panel
Engineered component of a biological cell
core processes of metabolism could be delivered by suitably coated electrode arrays. The major limitation of this approach, apart from the initial difficulties
Artificial_cell
Chinese American biomedical engineering scientist
control of a robotic arm for reach and grasp tasks The standardized EEG electrode array of the IFCN Comparison of different cortical connectivity estimators
Bin_He
ELECTRODE ARRAY
ELECTRODE ARRAY
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
An Array of Clouds
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh, Traditional
An Array of Clouds; Garland of Clouds
Girl/Female
Hindu
Array of clouds
Girl/Female
Tamil
Kadambini | காதமà¯à®ªà®¿à®¨à¯€
An array of clouds
Kadambini | காதமà¯à®ªà®¿à®¨à¯€
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Array of Clouds
Biblical
prepared; arrayed
Girl/Female
Tamil
Array of clouds
Girl/Female
Tamil
Meghamala | மேகமாலா
Array of clouds
Meghamala | மேகமாலா
Girl/Female
Biblical
Prepared, arrayed.
ELECTRODE ARRAY
ELECTRODE ARRAY
Girl/Female
Tamil
Bird
Boy/Male
Indian
One of Lord Shiva's Name
Boy/Male
Tamil
Fame of Lord
Female
Finnish
Finnish name derived from the word tuuli, TUULI means "wind."
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Moral of the World
Boy/Male
Hindu
Very rich king, A Raga
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, French, German, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Swedish
God with us; Feminine Similar to Emanuel
Boy/Male
Tamil
Red, Pleasant
Boy/Male
Tamil
Warrior of the world, World winner
Boy/Male
Polish Latin Czechoslovakian
Warlike.
ELECTRODE ARRAY
ELECTRODE ARRAY
ELECTRODE ARRAY
ELECTRODE ARRAY
ELECTRODE ARRAY
n.
The act or art precipitating a metal electro-chemical action, by which a coating is deposited, on a prepared surface, as in electroplating and electrotyping; galvanoplasty.
n.
One versed in electro-biology.
imp. & p. p.
of Electrize
n.
The negative electrode or pole of a voltaic battery.
a.
Alt. of Electro-dynamical
a.
Pert. to, or caused by, electro-capillarity.
a.
Of or pertaining to electro-chemistry.
n.
The positive electrode of an electrolytic cell; anode.
n.
The path by which electricity is conveyed into or from a solution or other conducting medium; esp., the ends of the wires or conductors, leading from source of electricity, and terminating in the medium traversed by the current.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Electrize
a.
Pertaining to electro-ballistics.
n.
Alt. of Electro-puncturing
a.
Electro-positive.
a.
Alt. of Electro-metrical
n.
An instrument for measuring the strength of electro-dynamic currents.
a.
Of or pertaining to electro-kinetics.
a.
Producing electro-motion; producing, or tending to produce, electricity or an electric current; causing electrical action or effects.
n.
One of the poles of a voltaic battery; an electrode.
a.
Belonging to the electro-chronograph, or recorded by the aid of it.