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Value of a firm's profit after deduction of capital costs
of financial statements analysis, economic value added (EVA) is an estimate of a firm's economic profit, or the value created in excess of the required
Economic_value_added
Used as a measure of shareholder value in the financial analysis of shares
Added value in financial analysis of shares is to be distinguished from value added. It is used as a measure of shareholder value, calculated using the
Added_value
Difference between input value and market value
supply-demand curve for specific units of sale. Value added is distinguished from the accounting term added value which measures only the financial profits
Value_added
Measure comparing a firm's market value with the capital invested in it
project if the cost of capital is used for discounting. Economic value added G. Bennett Stewart III, The Quest for Value (HarperCollins, 1991). v t e
Market_value_added
Form of consumption tax
A value-added tax (VAT), goods and services tax (GST), or general consumption tax (GCT) is a consumption tax that is levied on the value added at each
Value-added_tax
Set of activities that a firm performs to deliver a valuable product
referred to as global value chains (GVCs)—shape international trade, investment patterns, and economic development. As a result, value-chain analysis is widely
Value_chain
Measure of a portion of an economy
gross value added (GVA) is the measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area, industry or sector of an economy. "The gross value added is
Gross_value_added
Method of teacher evaluation
Value-added modeling (also known as value-added measurement, value-added analysis and value-added assessment) is a method of teacher evaluation that measures
Value-added_modeling
Business term
for its shareholders ... are ... economic value added ... economic profit ... market value added ... cash value added Gillis, Scott; McTaggart, James (1998)
Shareholder_value
Broad term for all forms of value in businesses
value of the firm beyond economic value (also known as economic profit, economic value added, and shareholder value) to include other forms of value such
Business_value
Electronic facility for business processes
business had to "add value" to the communications line in order to be a distinguishable service. Therefore, the notion of "value-added network services"
Value-added_network
Business profitability measurement
indicate profitability while an index below 1.0 will indicate value destruction. Economic value added (EVA) Return on capital employed (ROCE) Return on equity
Cash_value_added
Benefit provided by a good or service in an economy
In economics, economic value or simply value is a measure of the benefit provided by a good or service to an economic agent. Value for money represents
Value_(economics)
EU-wide goods and services tax policy
The European Union value-added tax (or EU VAT) is a value added tax on goods and services within the European Union (EU). The EU's institutions do not
European Union value added tax
European_Union_value_added_tax
UK goods and services tax policy
In the United Kingdom, the value added tax (VAT) was introduced in 1973, replacing Purchase Tax, and is the third-largest source of government revenue
Value-added tax in the United Kingdom
Value-added_tax_in_the_United_Kingdom
Information technology management
applications, with information about each application. In many organizations, the value of developing this list was challenged by business leaders concerned about
Application portfolio management
Application_portfolio_management
Value-added agriculture refers most generally to manufacturing processes that increase the value of primary agricultural commodities. Value-added agriculture
Value-added_agriculture
Concept in economics
§ Origin). Marx's term is the German word "Mehrwert", which simply means value added (sales revenue minus the cost of materials used up), and is cognate to
Surplus_value
Pricing methodology
Economic Value to the Customer (EVC) is a value-based pricing methodology developed in 1979 by John L. Forbis and Nitin T. Mehta. The method aims to guide
Economic value to the customer
Economic_value_to_the_customer
Sociological theory
Value-added theory (also known as social strain theory) is a sociological theory, first proposed by Neil Smelser in 1962, which posits that certain conditions
Value-added_theory
Difference between a firm's assets and liabilities used to fund day-to-day operations
they link short-term policy with long-term decision-making. See economic value added (EVA). Credit policy of the firm: Another factor affecting working
Working_capital
executive officer of Stern Value Management, formerly Stern Stewart & Co, and the creator and developer of "economic value added".[clarification needed]
Joel_Stern
Equity valuation method based on the present value of future residual income
may be applied. See Economic value added § Comparison with other approaches. Enterprise value Valuation (finance) § Net asset value method Clean surplus
Residual_income_valuation
Measure of the profitability of a business venture
Carrying value of goods sold during a particular period Dividend – Payment made by a corporation to its shareholders Economic value added – Value of a firm's
Net_income
Levy on the unimproved value of land
favor LVT, arguing it does not cause economic inefficiency, and helps reduce economic inequality. A land value tax is a progressive tax, in that the
Land_value_tax
Resources that enhance the value or usability of another asset when used together
that when owned together increase the value of the combined assets. It is defined as “the total economic value added by combining certain complementary factors
Complementary_assets
Israeli political party
the 2026 Israeli legislative election, the New Economic Party proposed reducing Israel's value-added tax (VAT) to 12% over six years, following an immediate
New_Economic_Party
Concept in economics
flow Economic value added Hamada's equation Internal rate of return Minimum acceptable rate of return Modigliani–Miller theorem Net present value Opportunity
Weighted average cost of capital
Weighted_average_cost_of_capital
Concept in economics
between revenue that an economic entity has received from its outputs and total costs of its inputs, also known as "surplus value". It is equal to total
Profit_(economics)
Concept in economics and decision theory
the values x,y into the utility function yields 9×16=12 for alternative A and 13×13=13 for B, so James prefers alternative B. In general economic terms
Utility
transitioned to a Value-added tax (VAT) system on 1 April 2005. The previous general sales tax laws were replaced with the Value Added Tax Act (2005) and
Value-added_taxation_in_India
Financial estimate; accounting concept
determining the total economic value of an investment. Examples include: return on investment, internal rate of return, economic value added, return on information
Total_cost_of_ownership
Instrument of indebtedness
timing and the amount of cash flow provided varies, depending on the economic value that is emphasized upon, thus giving rise to different types of bonds
Bond_(finance)
Measure of rate of return on equity
alongside other measures such as return on equity, return on assets, or economic value added to a more comprehensive view of financial performance. Return on
Return_on_tangible_equity
Value added tax is an indirect tax
Value added tax is an indirect tax levied by the Confederation on the basis of Art. 130 of the Federal Constitution. As of 1 January 1995 it replaced
Value_added_tax_(Switzerland)
Overview of corporate finance and corporate finance-related topics
present value of future residual income Economic value added – Value of a firm's profit after deduction of capital costs Market value added – Measure
Outline_of_corporate_finance
Total market value of goods and services produced within a country
goods and services plus the value of changes in the inventory. The sum of the gross value added in the various economic activities is known as "GDP at
Gross_domestic_product
Acquired control over a company by the purchase of its shares with borrowed money
future of the business) in order to retain some value for investment in the business Management sees a value in the business that ownership does not see and
Leveraged_buyout
Investment transaction by which the ownership equity of a company is acquired
Usually, the option comes with a "buyout" which represents a fraction of the value of the option. If the team decides not to exercise the option, they will
Buyout
Promise of value to be delivered, communicated, and acknowledged
In marketing, a value proposition is the economic value that a company or product delivers to its market segment of customers. The phrase was coined by
Value_proposition
American business journalist
of how CEOs including Roberto Goizueta of Coca-Cola had adopted Economic Value Added (EVA) as a key metric for measuring profitability. That year, Tully
Shawn_Tully
Personal value, basis for ethical action
social, environmental and economic benefits of individual and collective actions for which the concepts of economic value or profit are inadequate. For
Value_(ethics)
Topics referred to by the same term
HP StorageWorks storage products Earned Value Analysis, a measurement of project progress Economic value added, an estimate of a firm's profit EVA (howitzer)
Eva
Financial measurement
from an operating perspective, NOPAT can be described as below, Economic value added Free cash flow Financial statement analysis Moneyterms.co.uk. NOPAT
Net operating profit after taxes
Net_operating_profit_after_taxes
Private university in Orange, California, US
executive officer of Stern Value Management, formerly Stern Stewart & Co, and the creator and developer of economic value added Bart Wilson – Donald P. Kennedy
Chapman_University
Processes through which companies combine or transfer ownership
target companies seeing positive returns. This suggests that M&A creates economic value, likely by transferring assets to more efficient management teams who
Mergers_and_acquisitions
Profitability measurement framework
it allows banks to assign capital to business units based on the economic value added of each unit. With the 2008 financial crisis, and the introduction
Risk-adjusted return on capital
Risk-adjusted_return_on_capital
Financial measure for comparing profitability
Cash-flow return on investment (CFROI) Cash surplus value added (CsVA) index Economic value added (EVA) Return on assets (ROA) Return on equity (ROE)
Return_on_capital_employed
Framework for corporate funding, capital structure, and investments
expenses. In so doing, firm value is enhanced when, and if, the return on capital exceeds the cost of capital; See Economic value added (EVA). Managing short
Corporate_finance
Value-added tax in Germany is a consumption tax known in German law as Umsatzsteuer and commonly referred to as Mehrwertsteuer. Businesses charge VAT
Value-added_tax_in_Germany
Financial accounting term
Business valuation Cashflow forecast Discounted cash flow Enterprise value Economic value added Owner earnings Weighted average cost of capital Ross, Stephen
Free_cash_flow
Economic activities to bring a product to market
A global value chain (GVC) refers to the full range of activities that economic actors engage in to bring a product to market. It plays a critical role
Global_value_chain
Stock in an unlisted private company
typically refer to the riskier end of the investment spectrum including "value-added" and opportunity funds where the investments often more closely resemble
Private_equity
Literary work by Karl Marx
European theorizing about what he described as the Mehrwert (added value or surplus value) from about 1750, critically examining the ideas of British,
Theories_of_Surplus_Value
Method of valuing a project, company, or asset
pricing model Capital budgeting Cost of capital Debt ratio Economic value added Enterprise value Financial reporting Flows to equity Forecast period (finance)
Discounted_cash_flow
Strategic management theory
Structure Analysis ought also be considered. The emphasis put on economic value-added, leads firms that would follow the VRIN/VRIO framework to unsustainable
Resource-based_view
Concept in Marxist analysis
derived from economic and ethnologic studies, to the development of the theory of commodity fetishism, wherein an economic abstraction (value) is psychologically
Commodity_fetishism
non-extractive economic value of land is its monetary value the land creates without extracting resources or artificially developing it. The economic value usually
Non-extractive_economic_value
In economics, recurrent or cyclical processes
In Marxian economics, economic reproduction refers to recurrent (or cyclical) processes. Michel Aglietta viewed economic reproduction as the process whereby
Reproduction_(economics)
Concept in cost-benefit analysis
Total economic value (TEV) is a concept in cost–benefit analysis that refers to the value derived by people from a natural resource, a man-made heritage
Total_economic_value
Event initiated by a public company
in reality, in rare cases, it does and results in an overall increase in value. Influence the share price: If the price of a stock is too high or too low
Corporate_action
Overview of finance and finance-related topics
present value of future residual income Economic value added – Value of a firm's profit after deduction of capital costs Market value added – Measure
Outline_of_finance
Concepts used in classical political economy
pragmatically tackled with the accounting concepts of market-value added (MVA) and economic value-added (EVA). This style of management focuses very closely on
Productive and unproductive labour
Productive_and_unproductive_labour
Benefit lost by a choice between options
In microeconomic theory, the opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone where, given limited resources, a choice needs
Opportunity_cost
How well a commodity fulfills human purposes
produced and sold. The concepts of value, use-value, utility, exchange value, and price have a very long history in economic and philosophical thought. From
Use_value
United States economy by president since World War II
with 164,000 jobs per month added on average, while the Republicans were in office for 475 months, with a 61,000 jobs added per month average. This monthly
U.S. economic performance by presidential party
U.S._economic_performance_by_presidential_party
Proportion of worth at which a commodity can be traded for other commodities
the other three attributes being use value, economic value, and price. Thus, a commodity has the following: a value, represented by the socially necessary
Exchange_value
Mandatory return of money or benefits
over 5 annual payroll; amount of capital investment amount of depreciated value . More unusual measures are retaining a headquarters at a specific site
Clawback
Value Added Tax (VAT) Registration Thresholds in the European Union
Value Added Tax (VAT) registration thresholds in the European Union (EU) are the minimum sales turnover amounts set by individual Member States of the
Value added tax registration thresholds in the European Union
Value_added_tax_registration_thresholds_in_the_European_Union
Financial transaction and a type of debtor finance
face value, advance amount and fees back to the business in the form of a factoring rebate. Whereas the difference between the invoice face value and the
Factoring_(finance)
Mathematical economic formula
Profitability index (PI), also known as profit investment ratio (PIR) and value investment ratio (VIR), is the ratio of payoff to investment of a proposed
Profitability_index
Economic philosophy centered on common ownership of land
is an economic ideology holding that persons (including corporations) should own the value that they produce themselves, while the economic rent derived
Georgism
Theory in classical and Marxian economics
The labor theory of value (LTV) posits that the economic value of a good or service is determined by the total amount of socially necessary labor required
Labor_theory_of_value
Type of stock senior to common stock
declared. Preferred stock may or may not have a fixed liquidation value (or par value) associated with it. This represents the amount of capital that was
Preferred_stock
Australian retail conglomerate
about A$30 million. Beginning in the late 1990s, Spotlight used economic value added as an internal metric to calculate employee bonuses. By 2006, Spotlight
Spotlight_Group
Concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy
a regulative principle of the economic exchange of the products of human work, namely that the relative exchange-values of those products in trade, usually
Law_of_value
for the list is the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) in 2025. The BEA defined GDP by state as "the sum of value added from all industries in the state
List of U.S. states and territories by GDP
List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_GDP
Type of bond
number of shares of common stock in the issuing company or cash of equal value. It is a hybrid security with debt- and equity-like features. It originated
Convertible_bond
Mix of funds used to start and sustain a business
has a calculable value in itself. The value of the whole instrument should be the value of the traditional bonds plus the extra value of the option feature
Capital_structure
Procedures to optimize practices in cost efficient ways
proposed a performance and cost measurement system that integrates the Economic Value Added criteria with Process-Based Costing (PBC). The EVA-PBC methodology
Cost_accounting
Process of using materials to produce something
well-known and used measure of value-added is the GDP (Gross Domestic Product). It is widely used as a measure of the economic growth of nations and industries
Production_(economics)
Social science studying goods and services
is essentially a measure of value and, more importantly, a store of value, being a basis for credit creation. Its economic function can be contrasted with
Economics
Costs incurred on combatants
the new paper money's value diminished. A popular saying circulated in the colonies because of this: anything of little value became "not worth a continental
Financial costs of the American Revolutionary War
Financial_costs_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War
national income divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not
List of countries by GNI (nominal) per capita
List_of_countries_by_GNI_(nominal)_per_capita
Determination of the economic value of a business
valuation is a process and a set of procedures used to estimate the economic value of an owner's interest in a business. Here various valuation techniques
Business_valuation
Term used in business finance
alter the future course of a business, materially impacting the company's value. The connotation of the event may be both positive (for example, merger
Special_situation
Economic resource, from which future economic benefits are expected
economic entity. It is anything (tangible or intangible) that can be used to produce positive economic value. Assets represent the ownership of value
Asset
Systematic study of values
instrumental value if it is useful as a means leading to other good things. Other classifications focus on the type of benefit, including economic, moral,
Value_theory
Method of apportioning costs
to alternative metrics, such as Kaplan's balanced scorecard and economic value added. An independent 2008 report concluded that manually driven ABC was
Activity-based_costing
low-value consignment relief (LVCR). This is a tax relief that applies to low-valued imports to the European Union, exempting them from value-added tax
VAT-free imports from the Channel Islands
VAT-free_imports_from_the_Channel_Islands
Analysis of company ownership structure
analysis of a company's percentages of ownership, equity dilution, and value of equity in each round of investment by founders, investors, and other
Capitalization_table
Type of business with small personnel numbers
employees in the private sector. Together, SMEs account for 44% of the economic value added each year: almost 700 billion Norwegian Kroner (NOK).Fakta om små
Small_and_medium_enterprises
Concept asserting ongoing stock market bubble
intelligence (AI) that The Wall Street Journal reported as "the biggest economic bet in U.S. history." Early AI investment was funded primarily with operating
AI_bubble
This is a list of ceremonial counties in England by gross value added for the year 2021. Data is gathered by the Office for National Statistics (ONS)
List of ceremonial counties in England by GVA
List_of_ceremonial_counties_in_England_by_GVA
ISBN 978-1-4502-0484-2. James L. Grant (5 May 2003). Foundations of Economic Value Added. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 33–. ISBN 978-0-471-23483-8. Although accounting
Cash-flow return on investment
Cash-flow_return_on_investment
Ecosystem valuation is an economic process which assigns a value (either monetary, biophysical, or other) to an ecosystem and/or its ecosystem services
Ecosystem_valuation
School of economic thought
surplus value in various types of economic systems, the nature and origin of economic value, the impact of class and class struggle on economic and political
Marxian_economics
Object or record accepted as payment
country or socio-economic context. The primary functions which distinguish money are: medium of exchange, a unit of account, a store of value and sometimes
Money
Economic concept theorised by Karl Marx
been used in economic thought and commerce for a long time (notably by the Physiocrats), but in Das Kapital, Theories of Surplus Value and the Grundrisse
Surplus_product
of financial performance, including return on invested capital, economic value added, and free cash flow. Free cash flow Financial statement analysis
Net_operating_assets
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