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Mass environmental destruction from human activities
Ecocide (from Ancient Greek oikos 'home' and Latin caedere 'to kill') is the destruction of the environment by humans. Ecocide threatens all populations
Ecocide
Connection of environmental and human destruction
The genocide–ecocide nexus is the connection between ecocide (destruction of the environment) and genocide (destruction of a people). Ecocide can be a means
Genocide–ecocide_nexus
Israeli Government to be investigated for the Rome Statute war crime of ecocide for "widespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment"
Environmental impact of the Gaza war
Environmental_impact_of_the_Gaza_war
Scottish barrister, author, and environmental lobbyist (1968–2019)
Law Commission to recognise ecocide as an international crime. Higgins wrote three books, including Eradicating Ecocide, and started the Earth Protectors
Polly_Higgins
English model and actress (born 1992)
supports making ecocide a crime at the International Criminal Court stating "mass damage and destruction of nature is called ecocide and it should be
Cara_Delevingne
Lake in Eurasia
due to global warming and the process of desertification, leading to an ecocide. The sea's name stems from Caspi, the ancient people who lived to the southwest
Caspian_Sea
English musician and songwriter (born 1942)
animals. In 2020 McCartney commented on ecocide, stating that he "recently heard about this campaign to make ecocide a crime at the International Criminal
Paul_McCartney
Region & island in western Indonesia
and other parts of Indonesia has often been described by academics as an ecocide. Sumatra was known in ancient times by the Sanskrit names of Svarṇadvīpa
Sumatra
Country in West Africa
Ogoni: An Ecocide in the Making?". unpo.org. 2 November 2009. Archived from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023. "How an ecocide law could
Nigeria
Dutch actress (born 1976)
BBC News. 27 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023. "Supporters of Ecocide Law". Stop Ecocide International. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved
Carice_van_Houten
English actor, playwright and theatre director (born 1960)
crisis." He has supported making ecocide a crime at the International Criminal Court, saying, "I believe that ecocide law is very much needed and inevitably
Mark_Rylance
Chemical sprayed or dusted on plants to cause its leaves to fall off
Consider Ecocide As An International Crime?". IJLLR. 2022-12-18. Retrieved 2023-06-21. Falk, Richard A. (1973). "Environmental Warfare and Ecocide — Facts
Defoliant
Secretary-General of the United Nations since 2017
19 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2020. "Supporters of Ecocide Law". Stop Ecocide International. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved
António_Guterres
Phase since 2022 of war ongoing since 2014
the world food crisis; war-related environmental damage was described as ecocide. The International Criminal Court (ICC) opened an investigation into crimes
Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
Region of Indonesia in Borneo Island
"Explainer: What is ecocide?". Eco-Business. 2022-08-04. Retrieved 2023-07-05. Aida, Melly; Tahar, Abdul Muthalib; Davey, Orima (2023), "Ecocide in the International
Kalimantan
Prime Minister of Sweden (1969–76; 1982–86)
'historic' definition of ecocide". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 June 2023. "Lawyers Are Working to Put 'Ecocide' on Par with War Crimes.
Olof_Palme
Country in Eastern Europe
caused by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has been described as an ecocide. Within its first year alone, the conflict inflicted an estimated $51 billion
Ukraine
English zoologist (1934–2025)
"Supporters of Ecocide Law". Stop Ecocide International. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023. "Ecocide as an international
Jane_Goodall
1998 international treaty establishing the International Criminal Court
International Law Commission considered the inclusion of the crime of ecocide to be included within the Draft Code of Crimes Against the Peace and Security
Rome_Statute
American anthropologist and archaeologist
research conducted with Carl P. Lipo that challenges the conventional "ecocide" narrative of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), including work on the island's
Terry_L._Hunt
Canadian scientist and environmentalist (born 1936)
climate solutions. Suzuki has supported ecocide becoming a crime at the International Criminal Court, saying, "Ecocide is not only a crime against life, it
David_Suzuki
Herbicides used by the US in the Vietnam War
Prime Minister Olof Palme, lawyers, historians and other academics as an ecocide. In addition to testing and using the herbicides in Vietnam, Laos, and
Rainbow_Herbicides
Island in the southeastern Pacific
moai contributed to environmental degradation when extreme deforestation (ecocide) destabilized an already precarious ecosystem. Archeological record shows
Easter_Island
English writer and political activist (born 1963)
the introduction of the crime of ecocide to the International Criminal Court stating "I believe [a crime of ecocide] would change everything. It would
George_Monbiot
Delta of the river Niger
concern over extensive pollution which is often used as an example of ecocide. The principal cause is major oil spills by multinational corporations
Niger_Delta
1955–1975 war in Southeast Asia
Consider Ecocide As An International Crime?". IJLLR. 18 December 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2023. Falk, Richard A. (1973). "Environmental Warfare and Ecocide —
Vietnam_War
Overview of invasion's environmental impact
government, journalists and international observers describe the damage as ecocide. Explosions inflict toxic damage along with physical destruction. Every
Environmental impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war
Environmental_impact_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war
American anthology television miniseries
carbon footprint as a way to overcome the current climate crisis. 8 "2070: Ecocide" Michael Morris Teleplay by : Dorothy Fortenberry & Diane Ademu-John and
Extrapolations_(TV_series)
Country in Oceania
and strengthening environmental law including introducing the crime of ecocide. Politics in Fiji normally take place in the framework of a parliamentary
Fiji
Chemical herbicide and defoliant
been described by numerous lawyers, historians and other academics as ecocide. Over 7,700,000 acres (3,100,000 ha) or 12,000 sq mi (31,000 km2) of tropical
Agent_Orange
Country in South Asia
cultivation in Chakaria Sundarbans have both been described by academics as ecocides. Although many areas are protected under law, some Bangladeshi wildlife
Bangladesh
Indigenous Polynesian people of Easter Island
of this explanation was Jared Diamond, who proposed a scenario for the "ecocide" on Easter Island in his 2005 book Collapse. Food resources may have been
Rapa_Nui_people
Severe events involving radioactive materials
"Establishing the crime of 'ecocide'". Law Gazette. Retrieved 2023-06-21. Krogh, Peter F. (Peter Frederic) (1994). "Ecocide: a Soviet legacy". Great Decisions
Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents
Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents
(2008) and Redefining Genocide: Settler Colonialism, Social Death and Ecocide (2016). Short, Damien (2003). "Reconciliation, Assimilation, and the Indigenous
Damien_Short
1982 film by Ridley Scott
regarding replicants' implanted memories. The film depicts a world post ecocide, where warfare and capitalism have led to destruction of 'normal' ecological
Blade_Runner
Head of the Catholic Church from 2013 to 2025
controlling limited resources, and a greed for profit. In 2019, he stated that ecocide was a sin and should be made "a fifth category of crimes against peace"
Pope_Francis
groups, human rights groups, politicians, academics and journalists as an ecocide and a genocide. Indigenous chiefs and human rights organizations have submitted
Genocide of Indigenous peoples in Brazil
Genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil
Jordanian prince (born 1947)
Intolerance. Prince El Hassan supports ecocide becoming a crime at the International Criminal Court stating Ecocide would need to be a true ICC crime inline
Prince_Hassan_bin_Talal
Former offshore oil drilling rig
ecocide won't solve the climate crisis". euronews. 13 March 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2023. Gigova, Radina (2 July 2023). "Russia is accused of 'ecocide'
Deepwater_Horizon
Ongoing genocide in the Gaza Strip
water. The UN and environmental groups report damage consistent with "ecocide", citing massive debris, untreated sewage, and toxic pollution. These conditions
Gaza_genocide
1998 studio album by Earth Crisis
subsequently returning to Victory Records. The last song on the album "Ecocide" is a re-recording of a song from their first release, All Out War. The
Breed_the_Killers
Ongoing armed conflict in the Middle East
Israeli Government to be investigated for the Rome Statute war crime of ecocide for "widespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment"
Gaza_war
Consider Ecocide As An International Crime?". IJLLR. 2022-12-18. Retrieved 2023-06-21. Falk, Richard A. (1973). "Environmental Warfare and Ecocide — Facts
Impact of Agent Orange in Vietnam
Impact_of_Agent_Orange_in_Vietnam
2025. Ahmed, Kaamil; Gayle, Damien; Mousa, Aseel (March 29, 2024). "'Ecocide in Gaza': does scale of environmental destruction amount to a war crime
2026_United_States_elections
Large rainforest in South America
As indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide (such as in the Peruvian Amazon), indigenous peoples' rainforest communities
Amazon_rainforest
1993 book by Ward Churchill
Struggle for the Land: Native North American Resistance to Genocide, Ecocide and Colonization is a book by Ward Churchill. It is a collection of essays
Struggle_for_the_Land
Saddam Hussein's campaigns to drain marshes and force population transfer
the United States and others to describe the draining of the marshes as ecocide, ethnic cleansing, or genocide. The draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes
Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes
Draining_of_the_Mesopotamian_Marshes
International non-profit organisation
Environmental Security began compiling a research database on the Law of Ecocide. "Institute for Environmental Security". "Institute for Environmental Security"
Institute for Environmental Security
Institute_for_Environmental_Security
Indian philosopher, scientist and environmentalist
on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2021. "Supporters of Ecocide Law". Stop Ecocide International. Retrieved 21 June 2023. "BBC Radio 4 – Woman's
Vandana_Shiva
considered that part of the war strategy of the United States in Vietnam was an ecocide. Bangladesh genocide (complicity) Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66 (complicity)
United_States_atrocity_crimes
River in Bangladesh
Dhaleshwari River by the textile industry has been described by academics as an ecocide. Environmental issues in Bangladesh Rivers of Bangladesh Suny, Rabby Us;
Dhaleshwari_River
Australian media franchise
experiencing societal collapse due to war, critical resource shortages, and ecocide. As Australia devolves further into barbarity, Max becomes a wandering
Mad_Max
ground and water with toxic pollutants is often used as an example of ecocide. It is estimated that while the European Union experienced 10 incidences
Environmental issues in the Niger Delta
Environmental_issues_in_the_Niger_Delta
Swedish activist (born 2003)
"Ecocide: Should killing nature be a crime?". BBC. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023. "Supporters of Ecocide Law"
Greta_Thunberg
Australian actor (born 1971)
Episode: "Long, Long Time" Extrapolations Mr. Ariel Turner Episode: "2070: Ecocide" 2025 Nine Perfect Strangers Brian Main role; 8 episodes (season 2) 2026
Murray_Bartlett
Legal concept
to the environment has a name: ecocide. The Independent Expert Panel for the Legal Definition of Ecocide defines ecocide as "unlawful or wanton acts committed
Environmental_personhood
2013 film by Neill Blomkamp
In 2154, Earth is overpopulated, diseased, and heavily polluted from ecocide. The planet's citizens live in extreme poverty. In contrast, the rich and
Elysium_(film)
1984 gas-leak accident in Bhopal, India
Crime of Ecocide?". Criminal Law Forum. 31 (2): 179–224. doi:10.1007/s10609-020-09393-y. ISSN 1572-9850. "How Imperative Is It To Consider Ecocide As An
Bhopal_disaster
Literal consumption of an ecosystem
fundamentally alter the planet. Scholars suggest that these events might result in ecocide in that they would undermine the capacity of the Earth's biological population
Ecophagy
American marine biologist and lecturer
introduction of the crime of ecocide to the International Criminal Court, stating, "There is a real case to be made for recognising ecocide in the International
Sylvia_Earle
Native animals of Indonesia
environmental destruction in Indonesia has often been described by academics as an ecocide. The origin of fauna in Indonesia was determined by geographical and geological
Fauna_of_Indonesia
2008 film by Andrew Stanton
year 2805, Earth is an inhospitable, garbage-strewn wasteland due to an ecocide caused by rampant consumerism, corporate greed, and environmental neglect
WALL-E
British multinational oil and gas company
"'Ecocide' movement pushes for a new international crime: Environmental destruction". NBC News. 7 April 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2023. "Fighting ecocide in
Shell_plc
Country in Oceania
and strengthening environmental law, including introducing the crime of ecocide. The Tongan government supported the American "coalition of the willing"
Tonga
Coastal saltwater lagoon in Spain
international group of volunteers dedicated to raising awareness about the ecocide of the Mar Menor and La Manga, aiming for its recovery before it becomes
Mar_Menor
Peruvian clandestine military operation
Part of a series on Genocide of indigenous peoples Issues Ecocide Ethnic cleansing Ethnic relations Forced assimilation / conversion Denial Historiography
Plan_Verde
Characterization of actions against Tamils in Sri Lanka as genocide
ed. (2016). Redefining Genocide: Settler Colonialism, Social Death and Ecocide. London, UK: Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-84277-930-9. "Justice for Genocide:
Tamil_genocide
Annual observation created by the United Nations
mission Climate change Co-governance Discovery doctrine Discrimination Ecocide Genocide MMIW Indigenous decolonization Inhabited lands Indigenism Settler
International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples
International_Day_of_the_World's_Indigenous_Peoples
Hypothetical global-scale disaster risk
Global dimming Global terrestrial stilling Global warming Hypercane Ice age Ecocide Ecosystem collapse Environmental degradation Habitat destruction Human
Global_catastrophic_risk
American Indian civil rights organization
mission Climate change Co-governance Discovery doctrine Discrimination Ecocide Genocide MMIW Indigenous decolonization Inhabited lands Indigenism Settler
American_Indian_Movement
Bankruptcy law Climate change litigation Earth jurisprudence Earth law Ecocide Energy law Environmental crime poaching Environmental personhood Environmental
List of supranational environmental agencies
List_of_supranational_environmental_agencies
Release of petroleum into the environment
"'Ecocide' movement pushes for a new international crime: Environmental destruction". NBC News. 2021-04-07. Retrieved 2023-07-06. "Fighting ecocide in
Oil_spill
Legal Framework for Ecocentric Environmental Law
movements included in Earth law include nonhuman animal rights, defining ecocide as a crime outside of the context of war, rights of future generations
Earth_law
Island country in Melanesia
and strengthening environmental law including introducing the crime of ecocide. The Solomon Islands archipelago is part of two distinct terrestrial ecoregions
Solomon_Islands
November 2025. Ahmed, Kaamil; Gayle, Damien; Mousa, Aseel (29 March 2024). "'Ecocide in Gaza': does scale of environmental destruction amount to a war crime
Palestinian genocide allegations
Palestinian_genocide_allegations
Elimination of indigenous inhabitants
Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Article 2 Eichler, Lauren J. (2020). "Ecocide is genocide: decolonizing the definition of genocide". Genocide Studies
Genocide of indigenous peoples
Genocide_of_indigenous_peoples
Australian deathcore band
respectively. On September 26, 2019, the band released a single titled "Ecocide" and announced that their second studio album titled Global Warning would
To_the_Grave_(band)
Environmental problems caused by warfare
of forests in Vietnam War is one of the most commonly used examples of ecocide, including by Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme, lawyers, historians and
Environmental_impact_of_war
British politician (born 1960)
gets green light". BBC News. 11 February 2021. "Supporters of Ecocide Law". Stop Ecocide International. Retrieved 21 June 2023. Ares, Elena (9 February
Caroline_Lucas
Genocide against Tigrayans in Ethiopia from 2020 to 2022
Part of a series on Genocide of indigenous peoples Issues Ecocide Ethnic cleansing Ethnic relations Forced assimilation / conversion Denial Historiography
Tigray_genocide
Branch of criminology involving crimes against the environment
production of genetically modified foods and various forms of toxic pollution. Ecocide describes attempts to criminalize human activities that cause extensive
Green_criminology
French philosopher and sociologist (1921–2026)
joined the platform published by the European citizens' initiative End Ecocide in Europe. In 2019, he declared in an article in Liberation.fr that money's
Edgar_Morin
French politician (born 1986)
she publicly described the Israeli actions in Gaza as a genocide and an ecocide; she has called to suspend the European Union association agreement with
Marine_Tondelier
1870s–1884 Argentine campaign in Patagonia
Part of a series on Genocide of indigenous peoples Issues Ecocide Ethnic cleansing Ethnic relations Forced assimilation / conversion Denial Historiography
Conquest_of_the_Desert
Far-left political and militant group in southern Mexico
mission Climate change Co-governance Discovery doctrine Discrimination Ecocide Genocide MMIW Indigenous decolonization Inhabited lands Indigenism Settler
Zapatista Army of National Liberation
Zapatista_Army_of_National_Liberation
Village in Gloucestershire, England
unsuccessfully lobbied the United Nations Law Commission to recognise ecocide as an international crime. She died on 21 April 2019, at the age of 50
Slad
From the 1982 science fiction film
sense of being in a strange new place". The film depicts a world post ecocide, where warfare and capitalism have led to destruction of 'normal' ecological
Themes_in_Blade_Runner
President of Brazil from 2019 to 2023
groups, human rights groups, politicians, academics and journalists as an ecocide and a genocide. Indigenous chiefs and human rights organizations have submitted
Jair_Bolsonaro
Intentional destruction of a people
Destruction of Indigenous Communities' Landscapes, an Aggravated Form of Ecocide?". EJIL: Talk!. Retrieved 8 November 2025. "Final Report of the Commission
Genocide
1971 United States court decision
Bankruptcy law Climate change litigation Earth jurisprudence Earth law Ecocide Energy law Environmental crime poaching Environmental personhood Environmental
Calvert Cliffs' Coordinating Committee, Inc. v. Atomic Energy Commission
Calvert_Cliffs'_Coordinating_Committee,_Inc._v._Atomic_Energy_Commission
Archaeological site in southwestern Illinois, US
PMID 30804191. Rankin, Caitlin (February 12, 2021). "Evaluating narratives of ecocide with the stratigraphic record at Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Illinois
Cahokia
Process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species
change in the United States Defaunation Deforestation Desertification Ecocide Ecological crisis Effects of climate change on agriculture Effects of climate
Habitat_destruction
Amazon rainforest non-profit organization
mission Climate change Co-governance Discovery doctrine Discrimination Ecocide Genocide MMIW Indigenous decolonization Inhabited lands Indigenism Settler
Amazon_Conservation_Team
International tribunal organisation
The proposed crime of ecocide would have jurisdiction over corporations as well as governments. Supporters of criminalising ecocide argue that it would
International_Criminal_Court
Armored bulldozer used in the Vietnam War
Starry 2002, p. 176. Falk, Richard A. (1976). "Environmental Warfare and Ecocide". In Richard A. Falk, ed., The Vietnam War and International Law, Volume
Rome_plow
Advocacy movement for nuclear electricity
change in the United States Defaunation Deforestation Desertification Ecocide Ecological crisis Effects of climate change on agriculture Effects of climate
Pro-nuclear_energy_movement
Colonialism which replaces natives with settlers
Damien (2016). Redefining Genocide: Settler Colonialism, Social Death and Ecocide. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-84813-546-8. Wolfe, Patrick (2006)
Settler_colonialism
Plant in the Erythroxylaceae family
only made worse by the war on drugs. The environmental problems include "ecocide", where vast tracts of land and forest are sprayed with glyphosate or Roundup
Coca
Branch of law concerning the natural environment
making a big, intentionally caused, environmental damage “comparable to ecocide” a crime that can be punished by up to 10 years in prison. The members
Environmental_law
American cartoonist (born 1965)
Prolétariennes) 2013 — The Minimum Security Chronicles: Resistance to Ecocide (graphic novel), Seven Stories Press 2012 — The Beginning of the American
Stephanie_McMillan
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