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Characterization of the status of non-Muslims under Islamic rule
Dhimmitude is a neologism characterizing the status of non-Muslims under Muslim rule, popularized by the Egyptian-born British writer Bat Ye'or in the
Dhimmitude
British essayist (born 1933)
Islamic governments, as part of which Ye'or has popularised the term dhimmitude to define the treatment of religious minorities in such contexts. Bat
Bat_Ye'or
2001 book by Bat Ye'or
Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide is a book by Bat Ye'or. Norman A. Stillman, Professor of Judaic History at the University of Oklahoma
Islam_and_Dhimmitude
1991 book by Bat Ye'or
The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude is a 1991 book by author Bat Ye'or. In the book the author describes her interpretation
The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam
The_Decline_of_Eastern_Christianity_Under_Islam
Swiss historian (1818–1897)
(1860) Culture of Switzerland Eurabia conspiracy theory Islam and Dhimmitude (2001) Dhimmitude Far-right politics in Switzerland Politics of Switzerland Überfremdung
Jacob_Burckhardt
Far-right Islamophobic conspiracy theory
"has surrendered to Islam and is in a state of submission (described as dhimmitude) in which Europe is forced to deny its own culture, stand silently by
Eurabia_conspiracy_theory
Political philosophy based on tradition
(1860) Culture of Switzerland Eurabia conspiracy theory Islam and Dhimmitude (2001) Dhimmitude Far-right politics in Switzerland Politics of Switzerland Überfremdung
Conservatism
Book by Mark Durie
The Third Choice: Islam, Dhimmitude and Freedom is a book written by Mark Durie, with a foreword by Bat Ye'or. It deals with the status of non-Muslim populations
The_Third_Choice
Swiss writer and historian (1880–1970)
(1860) Culture of Switzerland Eurabia conspiracy theory Islam and Dhimmitude (2001) Dhimmitude Far-right politics in Switzerland Politics of Switzerland Überfremdung
Gonzague_de_Reynold
Marrying within a specific ethnic group, class, or social group
Patrick Alexander Younan (2014). "The Coptic Christians of Egypt: Dhimmitude and Discrimination". Law School Student Scholarship. Chatty, Dawn (15
Endogamy
Swiss far-right political philosopher (1920–2003)
(1860) Culture of Switzerland Eurabia conspiracy theory Islam and Dhimmitude (2001) Dhimmitude Far-right politics in Switzerland Politics of Switzerland Überfremdung
Armin_Mohler
1903 antisemitic text
p. 82. Ye’or, Bat; Kochan, Miriam; Littman, David (2001), Islam and Dhimmitude, US: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, p. 142, ISBN 978-0-8386-3942-9
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion
Place of worship for Muslims
of America. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-8276-0116-1. Bat Ye'or (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude. Where Civilizations Collide. Madison/Teaneck, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson
Mosque
Terrorist attack in Sydney, Australia
Retrieved 28 May 2026. "Karen Jones and the Institutionalization of Medical Dhimmitude". Algemeiner Journal. Archived from the original on 1 February 2026. Retrieved
Bondi_Beach_shooting
Terrorist acts by groups of individuals who profess Islamic motivations or goals
ISBN 978-1-55605-341-2. Durie, Mark (2010). The Third Choice: Islam, Dhimmitude and Freedom. Deror Books. ISBN 978-0-9807223-0-7. OCLC 695930410. Esposito
Islamic_terrorism
Swiss historian
(1860) Culture of Switzerland Eurabia conspiracy theory Islam and Dhimmitude (2001) Dhimmitude Far-right politics in Switzerland Politics of Switzerland Überfremdung
Adolf_Gasser
Person killed for their testimony for or belief in Christianity
orient on the eve of Islam: Political and economic aspects of Dhimmitude". Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide. Madison, New Jersey and Vancouver
Christian_martyr
City in Turkey
(1996). The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude : Seventh-twentieth Century. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 88. ISBN 9780838636886
Kahramanmaraş
Overview of genocides from 1914 to 1945
ISBN 978-0-8229-7793-3. Ye'or, Bat; Kochan, Miriam; Littman, David (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
Genocides in history (World War I through World War II)
Genocides_in_history_(World_War_I_through_World_War_II)
Lebanese-American academic (born 1957)
of a thief." He has been described as an early advocate of Bat Ye'or's dhimmitude concept. Phares has also asserted that jihadists are posing as civil rights
Walid_Phares
Ethnic group
Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide by Bat Yeʼor. 116-18 Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide by Bat Yeʼor. 40 Islam and Dhimmitude:
Assyrians_in_Iraq
American engineer (1849–1929)
"Povertarian Romance Fascism's Hatred of Cleanliness and Plenty". No Dhimmitude. Retrieved March 18, 2018. Dennis, Richard (2008). Cities in Modernity:
Charles_F._Brush
Criticism of Islam's holy book
ISBN 0-8386-3262-9. Retrieved 3 October 2019. Yeʼor, Bat (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-3942-9
Criticism_of_the_Quran
Adoption of a different religion or irreligion under duress
(1996). The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude : Seventh-twentieth Century. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. ISBN 9780838636886
Forced_conversion
Australian linguistics and theology scholar (born 1958)
Third Choice: Islam, Dhimmitude and Freedom. Deror. 2010. ISBN 978-0980722307. Liberty to the Captives: Freedom from Islam and Dhimmitude through the Cross
Mark_Durie
Cone-shaped pointed hat, worn by Jews in Medieval Europe and parts of the Islamic world
JSTOR 24709777. Al-Nawawi, Minhadj, quoted in Bat Ye'or (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude. Where Civilizations Collide. Madison/Teaneck, J: Fairleigh Dickinson
Jewish_hat
Those discriminated against by the state
page 163 in the .pdf.) Blacklisting Dégradation nationale Dhimmi and Dhimmitude Involuntary unemployment Loss of rights due to felony conviction Reverse
Second-class_citizen
British historian and human rights activist
July 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2010. "David G. Littman; Biography". dhimmitude.org. Archived from the original on 23 June 2007. Retrieved 13 January
David_Littman_(activist)
Concept that some ideas have universal applicability
(1996). The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude: 7th–20th Centuries. Farleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 522. ISBN 978-0-8386-3688-6
Universalism
Non-Muslims living in an Islamic state
either of the options, the Christians would be murdered. Islam portal Dhimmitude – Characterization of the status of non-Muslims under Islamic rule Gentile –
Dhimmi
ISBN 9782013542326. The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude : Seventh-twentieth Century. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. 1996. ISBN 9780838636886
Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians
Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians
1980 book by Bat Ye'or
consequences that living under Islamic rule, or using the term coined here, in "dhimmitude", had on the Jewish and Christian communities in the Middle East. The
The Dhimmi: Jews and Christians Under Islam
The_Dhimmi:_Jews_and_Christians_Under_Islam
Type of identifying mark in historic Islamic societies
(1996). The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude : Seventh-twentieth Century. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 96.
Zunnar
admittedly, converted into mosques. However, these rights and privileges (see Dhimmitude), including freedom of worship and religious organisation, were often
Christianity in the Middle Ages
Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages
Islamic term for non-Muslims temporarily residing in Muslim-ruled lands
expelled or executed and the aman grantor could also be penalized. Dhimmi Dhimmitude Jizya Khadduri p. 163 Wael, B. Hallaq (2009). Sharī'a: Theory, Practice
Musta'min
Circumcision performed without consent
Ye'or, The Decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam—From Jihad to Dhimmitude (trans. Miriam Kochan and David Littman; Madison and Teaneck, New Jersey:
Forced_circumcision
Ethnoreligious group
ISBN 1-57607-800-0, ABC-CLIO, 2005, p. 803. Yeʼor, Bat (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude: where civilizations collide. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 131.
Greek_Muslims
Political movement
influenced by the authoritarianism of Leo Strauss, and the concept of dhimmitude as it was put forward by Bat Ye'or.Bat Ye'or Murray's keynote book, Neoconservatism:
British_neoconservatism
1 (1). Ye'or, Bat; Kochan, Miriam and Littman, David (2002) Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Madison
Bobastro
Anti-Jewish violence in Palestine
there was no one to offer any opposition" Bat Yeʼor (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude: where civilizations collide. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 119.
1834_looting_of_Safed
2006 book by Melanie Phillips
Christopher Othen as "her own book about the localised version of Eurabian dhimmitude all around her". United Kingdom portal Islam portal Criticism of multiculturalism
Londonistan: How Britain Is Creating a Terror State Within
Londonistan:_How_Britain_Is_Creating_a_Terror_State_Within
Mixed or Iberian Muslims in medieval Al-Andalus
IX (1997), pp. 513. Bat Yeʼor, Miriam Kochan, David Littman, Islam and Dhimmitude, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0-8386-3943-6,Google Print
Muladí
Governorate (province) of Syria
Middle East Forum. Retrieved 20 March 2015. Bat Yeʼor (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 162.
Hasakah_Governorate
Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-72104-5. Yeʼor, Bat (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-3942-9
Timeline_of_antisemitism
Israeli academic
Thirteen, Number 3 (74), June 2000. Nisan, Mordechai (Fall 2002). "Islam and Dhimmitude". Middle East Quarterly. 9 (4). "The War of Islam Against Minorities in
Mordechai_Nisan
Bibliography
Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-602-0 Bat Ye'or (2001) Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide, Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University
Bibliography of books critical of Islam
Bibliography_of_books_critical_of_Islam
Pro-Palestinian sentiment
injustice, apartheid, Nazism. Israel's population, which had liberated from dhimmitude a tiny corner from the vast Christian, Buddhist, and Hindu regions colonized
Palestinianism
Swiss jurist and political philosopher (1768–1854)
(1860) Culture of Switzerland Eurabia conspiracy theory Islam and Dhimmitude (2001) Dhimmitude Far-right politics in Switzerland Politics of Switzerland Überfremdung
Karl_Ludwig_von_Haller
Al-Andalusian rebel political and military leader (c. 850 – 917)
103). Ye'or, Bat; Kochan, Miriam and Littman, David (2002) Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Madison
Umar_ibn_Hafsun
Kurdish inhabited area of Syria
Kreyenbroek 2006, p. 445. Tejel 2009, pp. 9–10. Bat Yeʼor (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 162.
Syrian_Kurdistan
Ba'athist ethnic cleansing policy in Syrian Kurdistan
Middle East Forum. Retrieved 20 March 2015. Bat Yeʼor (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 162.
Arab_Belt_project
Middle Eastern proverb
2014, at the Wayback Machine S/PV.1423, 7 May 1968 paras 44, 77. "Double Dhimmitude, Part II", 9 January 2011 Bernard Lewis, 'The Return of Islam,' for Commentary
After_Saturday_comes_Sunday
patriarch were enormously enlarged. However, these rights and privileges (see Dhimmitude), including freedom of worship and religious organisation, were often
Christianity in the modern era
Christianity_in_the_modern_era
(October 2, 1978) Ye'or, Bat; Miriam Kochan; David Littman (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 377.
Programme_to_Combat_Racism
Israeli historian and writer (born 1935)
'abandoned' after criticizing Muslims". The Jerusalem Post. February 19, 2007. "Dhimmitude Unveiled". New English Review. August 2013. "Beskriver muslimer som hot
Raphael_Israeli
guaranteed Jews personal inviolability and freedom of religion. That said, dhimmitude did not prevent antisemitism in Ottoman Turkey. The first Ottoman case
Antisemitism_in_Turkey
Military strategy
(1996). The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude: Seventh-Twentieth Century. Miriam Kochman, David Littman (trans.). Fairleigh
Byzantine_battle_tactics
Islamise Europe —, and that its non-Muslim inhabitants will be reduced to dhimmitude. In a speech for CORE in January 2007, she declared that Western culture
Multiculturalism in the Netherlands
Multiculturalism_in_the_Netherlands
(1996). The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude : Seventh-twentieth Century. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-3688-6
History of the Jews in Baghdad
History_of_the_Jews_in_Baghdad
from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015. Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide – p. 149 by Bat Yeor, Miriam Kochan, David
Assyrian independence movement
Assyrian_independence_movement
Dutch biblical scholar
Landau stated strongly that in his opinion it "illustrated the level of 'dhimmitude' elite universities in many European countries have come to today. … Wake
Pieter_Willem_van_der_Horst
Israeli civil servant (1933–2010)
contacts on both sides of the Atlantic to this day. Bat Ye'or, "Islam and Dhimmitude – Where Civilizations Collide" Associated University Press, Cranbury
Meir_Shmuel_Gabay
Ye'or, Bat; Kochan, Miriam and Littman, David (2002) Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Madison
Raoul_Taisson
List of notable historic figures from the region of Palestine
(1996). The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude : Seventh-twentieth Century. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-3688-6
List of people from Palestine (historical region)
List_of_people_from_Palestine_(historical_region)
British politician
(1996). The decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam: from Jihad to Dhimmitude : seventh-twentieth century. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 452. ISBN 0-8386-3688-8
Sir Robert Ainslie, 1st Baronet
Sir_Robert_Ainslie,_1st_Baronet
Le Dhimmi (Genève 1980) [t]; Les Chretientes d'Orient entre Jihad et Dhimmitude (Paris 1991) [t]; Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis (2006). G. W. Bowersock
List of non-Muslim authors on Islam
List_of_non-Muslim_authors_on_Islam
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