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Monte Carlo method for importance sampling and optimization
The cross-entropy (CE) method is a Monte Carlo method for importance sampling and optimization. It is applicable to both combinatorial and continuous
Cross-entropy_method
Information-theoretic measure
In information theory, the cross-entropy between two probability distributions p {\displaystyle p} and q {\displaystyle q} , over the same underlying
Cross-entropy
Principle in Bayesian statistics
N. (1990). "Maximum Entropy and Minimum Cross-Entropy Principles". In Fougère, P. F. (ed.). Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods. pp. 419–432. doi:10
Principle_of_maximum_entropy
Average uncertainty in variable's states
ISSN 2168-2887. Rubinstein, Reuven Y.; Kroese, Dirk P. (9 March 2013). The Cross-Entropy Method: A Unified Approach to Combinatorial Optimization, Monte-Carlo Simulation
Entropy_(information_theory)
Optimization method
Battiti, G. Tecchiolli (1994), recently reviewed in the reference book cross-entropy method by Rubinstein and Kroese (2004) random search by Anatoly Zhigljavsky
Stochastic_optimization
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
optimization, river formation dynamics (see swarm intelligence), and the cross entropy method. This starts with a sub-tour such as the convex hull and then inserts
Travelling_salesman_problem
Mathematical discipline
optimization Coordinate descent and adaptive coordinate descent Cross-entropy method Differential evolution, including multi-objective variants DONE Evolution
Derivative-free_optimization
Alloys with high proportions of several metals
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are alloys that are formed by mixing equal or relatively large proportions of (usually) five or more elements. Prior to the
High-entropy_alloy
Scientific study of digital information
Correspondence and Cross-Entropy Methods in the Assessment of Bidirectional Cardiorespiratory Coupling in Heart Failure". Entropy. 27 (7): 770. Bibcode:2025Entrp
Information_theory
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
clustering Correspondence analysis Cortica Coupled pattern learner Cross-entropy method Cross-validation (statistics) Crossover (genetic algorithm) Cuckoo search
Outline_of_machine_learning
Generalization of the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy
In physics, the Tsallis entropy is a generalization of the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy. It is proportional to the expectation of the q-logarithm
Tsallis_entropy
Optimization algorithm
ACO-type algorithms are closely related to stochastic gradient descent, Cross-entropy method and estimation of distribution algorithm. They proposed an umbrella
Ant colony optimization algorithms
Ant_colony_optimization_algorithms
Probabilistic optimization technique and metaheuristic
The cross-entropy method (CE) generates candidate solutions via a parameterized probability distribution. The parameters are updated via cross-entropy minimization
Simulated_annealing
Dutch-Australian mathematician and statistician
estimation, Monte Carlo methods and rare-event simulation. He is, with Reuven Rubinstein, a pioneer of the Cross-Entropy (CE) method. Born in Wapenveld (municipality
Dirk_Kroese
Machine learning that combines deep learning and reinforcement learning
optimized using Monte Carlo methods such as the cross-entropy method, or a combination of model-learning with model-free methods. In model-free deep reinforcement
Deep_reinforcement_learning
Statistical concept
I.; Kroese, D.P. (2004). "Global Likelihood Optimization Via the Cross-Entropy Method, with an Application to Mixture Models". Proceedings of the 2004
Mixture_model
Israeli operations researcher (1938–2012)
breakthrough methods, such as the score-function method, the stochastic counterpart method, and the cross-entropy method, which have numerous applications in combinatorial
Reuven_Rubinstein
Evolutionary algorithm
all principal axes. Estimation of distribution algorithms and the Cross-Entropy Method are based on very similar ideas, but generally estimate (non-incrementally)
CMA-ES
Probability distribution that has the most entropy of a class
In statistics and information theory, a maximum entropy probability distribution has entropy that is at least as great as that of all other members of
Maximum entropy probability distribution
Maximum_entropy_probability_distribution
Topics referred to by the same term
XEB may refer to: Cross-entropy benchmarking, a benchmarking method for quantum computing XEB-AM, a radio station XEB, a band formed by Kevin Cadogan
XEB
Mathematical statistics distance measure
statistics, the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence (also called relative entropy and I-divergence), denoted D KL ( P ∥ Q ) {\displaystyle D_{\text{KL}}(P\parallel
Kullback–Leibler_divergence
2001, "Updating and Estimating a Social Accounting Matrix Using Cross Entropy Methods", Economic Systems Research 13 (1), pp. 47–64. Stone, R. and Brown
Social_accounting_matrix
algorithm Dancing Links: an efficient implementation of Algorithm X Cross-entropy method: a general Monte Carlo approach to combinatorial and continuous multi-extremal
List_of_algorithms
α Cross-correlation Cross-covariance Cross-entropy method Cross-sectional data Cross-sectional regression Cross-sectional study Cross-spectrum Cross tabulation
List_of_statistics_articles
conditional entropy conditional quantum entropy confusion and diffusion cross-entropy data compression entropic uncertainty (Hirchman uncertainty) entropy encoding
Index of information theory articles
Index_of_information_theory_articles
computes averages of operators in many-body quantum mechanical problems Cross-entropy method — for multi-extremal optimization and importance sampling Also see
List of numerical analysis topics
List_of_numerical_analysis_topics
Generalization of linear assignment problem from two to multiple dimensions
(2012-10-12). "Solving the Multidimensional Assignment Problem by a Cross-Entropy method". Journal of Combinatorial Optimization. 27 (4): 808–823. doi:10
Multidimensional assignment problem
Multidimensional_assignment_problem
Physical law for entropy and heat
E. T. (1988). "The Evolution of Carnot's Principle". Maximum-Entropy and Bayesian Methods in Science and Engineering. pp. 267–281. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3049-0_15
Second_law_of_thermodynamics
Pseudorandom number generator file in Unix-like operating systems
file. Not all operating systems implement the same methods for /dev/random and /dev/urandom. When entropy available is low, /dev/random will block; on newer
/dev/random
Family of stochastic optimization methods
convergence Dependency Structure Matrix Genetic Algorithm (DSMGA) CMA-ES Cross-entropy method Ant colony optimization algorithms Pelikan, Martin (2005-02-21),
Estimation of distribution algorithm
Estimation_of_distribution_algorithm
Technique for determining size distribution of particles
less than 1:10−5. The Maximum entropy method is an analysis method that has great developmental potential. The method is also used for the quantification
Dynamic_light_scattering
Sequence of data points over time
Correlation entropy Approximate entropy Sample entropy Fourier entropy [uk] Wavelet entropy Dispersion entropy Fluctuation dispersion entropy Rényi entropy Higher-order
Time_series
Computer security technique
bits of entropy. These extra bits of entropy will not apply to other mmap() segments, only libraries. Attackers may make use of several methods to reduce
Address space layout randomization
Address_space_layout_randomization
Device for measuring a physical quantity
multiplying the thermal potential by the amount of entropy found at that potential: temperature times entropy. Entropy can be created by friction but not annihilated
List_of_measuring_instruments
Physics of heat, work, and temperature
deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these
Thermodynamics
Statistics and machine learning technique
(2020). "Amended Cross Entropy Cost: Framework For Explicit Diversity Encouragement". arXiv:2007.08140 [cs.LG]. "1.11. Ensemble methods". Wolpert (1992)
Ensemble_learning
Method to calculate rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers
units (NTU) method is used to calculate the rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers (especially parallel flow, counter current, and cross-flow exchangers)
NTU_method
Method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model, given observations
a related method that is more robust in many situations Maximum entropy estimation Method of moments (statistics): another popular method for finding
Maximum_likelihood_estimation
Variation in the time intervals between heartbeats
Other methods used are the correlation dimension, symbolic dynamics, nonlinear predictability, pointwise correlation dimension, approximate entropy, sample
Heart_rate_variability
Machine learning algorithm
usual Boltzmann-Gibbs or Shannon entropy. In this sense, the Gini impurity is nothing but a variation of the usual entropy measure for decision trees. Used
Decision_tree_learning
Analysis in fluid dynamics
probabilistic method for pipe network analysis has recently been developed, based on the maximum entropy method of Jaynes. In this method, a continuous
Pipe_network_analysis
Regression for more than two discrete outcomes
regression, multinomial logit (mlogit), the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) classifier, and the conditional maximum entropy model. Multinomial logistic regression is used
Multinomial logistic regression
Multinomial_logistic_regression
Thought experiment of 1867
that any demon must "generate" more entropy segregating the molecules than it could ever eliminate by the method described. That is, it would take more
Maxwell's_demon
Class of algorithms for solving constrained optimization problems
regularization functions (e.g., entropic regularization). This combined study gives rise to the "exponential method of multipliers" which handles inequality
Augmented_Lagrangian_method
Probability distribution
expression is identical to the negative of the cross-entropy (see section on "Quantities of information (entropy)"). Therefore, finding the maximum of the
Beta_distribution
Field of machine learning
These include simulated annealing, cross-entropy search or methods of evolutionary computation. Many gradient-free methods can achieve (in theory and in the
Reinforcement_learning
Image segmentation algorithm
the entropy of the foreground and background regions, the cross-entropy between the original and binarized image, etc., Object Attribute-based methods search
Thresholding (image processing)
Thresholding_(image_processing)
Mathematical functions
binary cross-entropy compares the observed y ∈ { 0 , 1 } {\displaystyle y\in \{0,1\}} with the predicted probabilities. The average binary cross-entropy for
Hyperbolastic_functions
Type of energy transfer
Likewise, 'the entropy of the Solar System' is not defined in classical thermodynamics. It has not been possible to define non-equilibrium entropy, as a simple
Heat
synchronisation likelihood are very similar methods based on phase space reconstruction. Among these measures, only transfer entropy allows for the determination of
Brain_connectivity_estimators
Hypothetical quantum cosmological effect
finite entropy proportional to their surface area, and therefore should also have a temperature. Due to Bekenstein's contribution to black hole entropy, it
Hawking_radiation
Facts provided or learned about something or someone
mental stimuli, pattern, perception, proposition, representation, and entropy. Information is often processed iteratively: Data available at one step
Information
Technique in neural networks for learning joint representations of text and images
using a contrastive objective. This method has enabled broad applications across multiple domains, including cross-modal retrieval, text-to-image generation
Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training
Contrastive_Language–Image_Pre-training
Statistical value representing the center or average of a distribution
interpreted geometrically by using entropy to measure variation: the MLE minimizes cross-entropy (equivalently, relative entropy, Kullback–Leibler divergence)
Central_tendency
Property of crosslinked rubber
elasticity, a polymer chain in a cross-linked network may be seen as an entropic spring. When the chain is stretched, the entropy is reduced by a large margin
Rubber_elasticity
which changes surface lysines in a way that usually reduces entropy. High through-put methods exist to help streamline the large number of experiments required
Protein_crystallization
choke and shock processes produce entropy. A typical experiment, consists of a glass tube of volume V, and of cross-section A, which is open on one of
Rüchardt_experiment
Method of determining fractal dimension
referred to as entropy numbers and are somewhat analogous to the concepts of thermodynamic entropy and information-theoretic entropy, in that they measure
Minkowski–Bouligand_dimension
Energy dissipation and entropy production extremal principles are ideas developed within non-equilibrium thermodynamics that attempt to predict the likely
Extremal principles in non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Extremal_principles_in_non-equilibrium_thermodynamics
Technique for dimensionality reduction
set in such a way that the entropy of the conditional distribution equals a predefined entropy using the bisection method. As a result, the bandwidth
T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding
T-distributed_stochastic_neighbor_embedding
Data item stored in a browser by a website
constitutes a device fingerprint. In 2010, EFF measured at least 18.1 bits of entropy possible from browser fingerprinting. Canvas fingerprinting, a more recent
HTTP_cookie
Distribution of an uncertain quantity
minimum cross-entropy generalizes MAXENT to the case of "updating" an arbitrary prior distribution with suitable constraints in the maximum-entropy sense
Prior_probability
Field in statistics pertaining to establishing cause and effect
(there is also the Scholarpedia entry [1]) transfer entropy convergent cross mapping causation entropy PC algorithm FCI algorithm LiNGAM [2] Many of these
Exploratory_causal_analysis
thermal fluctuations and configuration entropy at the nanoscale give rise to superelasticity, entropic elasticity (entropic forces), and other exotic types of
Nanomechanics
Estimates values in an N-dimensional matrix
perform biproportion. We have also the entropy maximization, information loss minimization (or cross-entropy) or RAS which consists of factoring the
Iterative proportional fitting
Iterative_proportional_fitting
Continuous probability distribution
January 2015). "Estimating the Entropy of a Weibull Distribution under Generalized Progressive Hybrid Censoring". Entropy. 17 (1): 102–122. Bibcode:2015Entrp
Weibull_distribution
1931 painting by Salvador Dalí
and Three Dancing Watches. Spain portal List of works by Salvador Dalí Entropy (arrow of time) Apparatus and Hand The Disintegration of the Persistence
The_Persistence_of_Memory
Process in machine learning and statistics
the ranking is chosen via cross-validation. Filter methods have also been used as a preprocessing step for wrapper methods, allowing a wrapper to be used
Feature_selection
Molecular biology techniques
stoichiometry, enthalpy, entropy, and binding kinetics between two interacting proteins. Microscale thermophoresis (MST), is a new method that enables the quantitative
Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions
Methods_to_investigate_protein–protein_interactions
Lossless compression algorithm
with a large search window and a fast entropy-coding stage. It uses Huffman coding alongside finite-state entropy (FSE), a variant of tANS. The Linux kernel
Zstd
Cryptographic protocol
of an arbitrary shared secret can be utilised for which relatively low entropy can be tolerated. Version 3 of the protocol was published in 2012. As a
Off-the-Record Messaging protocol
Off-the-Record_Messaging_protocol
Lossless compression algorithm
distances through past distances, use of move-to-front queue in entropy code selection, joint-entropy coding of literal and copy lengths, the use of graph algorithms
Brotli
Optimization algorithm
LM-BFGS) is an optimization algorithm in the collection of quasi-Newton methods that approximates the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm (BFGS)
Limited-memory_BFGS
Scalar physical quantities representing system states
Five common thermodynamic potentials are: where T = temperature, S = entropy, p = pressure, V = volume. Ni is the number of particles of type i in the
Thermodynamic_potential
Measure of energy in a thermodynamic system
of a closed homogeneous system is its energy function H(S, p), with its entropy S[p] and its pressure p as natural state variables which provide a differential
Enthalpy
Statistical property quantifying how much a collection of data is spread out
Relative mean difference, equal to twice the Gini coefficient Entropy: While the entropy of a discrete variable is location-invariant and scale-independent
Statistical_dispersion
Method of analysing a dynamical system
dynamical (and other) systems. Recurrence period density entropy, an information-theoretic method for summarising the recurrence properties of both deterministic
Recurrence quantification analysis
Recurrence_quantification_analysis
Statistical method
(2006), presents a method that bootstraps time series data using maximum entropy principles satisfying the Ergodic theorem with mean-preserving and mass-preserving
Bootstrapping_(statistics)
Reversible transition in amorphous materials
crystalline. Glass is believed to exist in a kinetically locked state, and its entropy, density, and so on, depend on the thermal history. Therefore, the glass
Glass_transition
Function in discrete mathematics
expressed in terms of the Shannon entropy of the two probability functions. In the discrete case, the Shannon entropies are defined as H ( X ) = − ∑ n =
Discrete_Fourier_transform
Estimator for quality of a statistical model
Akaike called his approach an "entropy maximization principle", because the approach is founded on the concept of entropy in information theory. Indeed
Akaike_information_criterion
Type of plot in descriptive statistics and chaos theory
synchronisation. Poincaré plot Recurrence period density entropy, an information-theoretic method for summarising the recurrence properties of both deterministic
Recurrence_plot
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
probability model is called entropy encoding. Various techniques used by source coding schemes try to achieve the limit of entropy of the source. C(x) ≥ H(x)
Coding_theory
Machine learning method to transfer knowledge from a large model to a smaller one
original training set or consist of new, possibly unlabeled data. A cross-entropy loss function is typically used, computed between the output of the
Knowledge_distillation
Overview of and topical guide to deep learning
Stochastic gradient descent Adam optimization Learning rate Loss function Cross-entropy Mean squared error Regularization Dropout Early stopping Batch normalization
Outline_of_deep_learning
by the emerge command, originally created for and used by Gentoo Linux; Entropy: Used by and created for Sabayon Linux. It works with binary packages that
List of software package management systems
List_of_software_package_management_systems
American mathematician, physicist and computer scientist
Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods 1993. David H. Wolpert (1996). "Determining Whether Two Data Sets are from the Same Distribution". Maximum Entropy and
David_Wolpert
Any condition that is significantly different from a normal waking state
The expression "entropy" is applied here in the context of states of consciousness and their associated neurodynamics, where high entropy means a high level
Altered state of consciousness
Altered_state_of_consciousness
Method of statistical inference
Bayesian inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability
Bayesian_inference
Type of material
High entropy alloys (HEAs) such as AlLiMgScTi are composed of equal or nearly equal quantities of five or more metals. The term "high-entropy alloys"
Metal
American scientist (1839–1903)
generalized Boltzmann's statistical interpretation of entropy S {\displaystyle S} by defining the entropy of an arbitrary ensemble as S = − k B ∑ i p i ln
Josiah_Willard_Gibbs
Signal analysis tool
significantly to the signal's energy), entropy-based measures (such as permutation entropy or sample entropy), correlation with the original signal,
Hilbert–Huang_transform
Probability distribution
many Bayesian inference problems. Student's t distribution is the maximum entropy probability distribution for a random variate X having a certain value
Student's_t-distribution
Family of functions to transform data
family. Tsallis entropy – a generalization of Shannon entropy proposed in non-extensive statistical mechanics, which reduces to Shannon entropy as the Tsallis
Power_transform
Insect protein
proposed to be entropy-related. Under relaxed state, the peptide is folded, and possesses a large entropy, but once it is stretched out, the entropy decreases
Resilin
Apparent contradiction in physical descriptions of the universe
statistical mechanics yields an apparent contradiction when calculating the entropy of mixing. If the assumption that the particles in an ideal gas are indistinguishable
Physical_paradox
2016 action role-playing game
the leader of Anti-Entropy instead of fighting humanity; the Herrscher of the Void, who was defeated by Schicksal and Anti-Entropy in 2000; and the Herrscher
Honkai_Impact_3rd
Propagating disturbance
distance. When a shock wave passes through matter, energy is preserved but entropy increases. This change in the matter's properties manifests itself as a
Shock_wave
Type of machine learning model
portions of any given test set. In information theory, the concept of entropy is intricately linked to perplexity, a relationship notably established
Large_language_model
Machine learning technique
supervised model. In particular, it is trained to minimize the following cross-entropy loss function: L ( θ ) = − 1 ( K 2 ) E ( x , y w , y l ) [ log ( σ
Reinforcement learning from human feedback
Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback
CROSS ENTROPY-METHOD
CROSS ENTROPY-METHOD
Male
English
Scottish surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Gaelic word ros, ROSS means "headland, promontory."
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Wood
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese, Latin, Spanish
Cross
Surname or Lastname
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname for a big man, from Middle High German grÅz ‘large’, ‘thick’, ‘corpulent’, German gross. The Jewish name has been Hebraicized as Gadol, from Hebrew gadol ‘large’.English : nickname for a big man, from Middle English, Old French gros (Late Latin grossus, of Germanic origin, thus etymologically the same word as in 1 above). The English vocabulary word did not develop the sense ‘excessively fat’ until the 16th century.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Close 1.German : variant of Kloss.
Boy/Male
Basque
Holy cross.
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant spelling of Cross.
Boy/Male
English Norse Teutonic
By the cross.
Boy/Male
English
By the cross.
Boy/Male
German American Scottish Shakespearean Teutonic
Red. Surname.
Boy/Male
English
Literally 'cross land'.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Old French, Middle English cras ‘big’, ‘fat’ (Latin crassus).Possibly an altered spelling of German Krass.
Boy/Male
Armenian
Small cross.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Gaelic, German, Irish, Latin, Scandinavian, Scottish, Teutonic
Red Haired; Headland; Red; Surname; Wood; Rose; Having a Big Heart
Boy/Male
African, Hindu, Indian
To Cross
Surname or Lastname
Scottish and English (of Norman origin)
Scottish and English (of Norman origin) : habitational name for someone from Rots near Caen in Normandy, probably named with the Germanic element rod ‘clearing’. Compare Rhodes. This was the original home of a family de Ros, who were established in Kent in 1130.Scottish and English : habitational name from any of various places called Ross or Roos(e), deriving the name from Welsh rhós ‘upland’ or moorland, or from a British ancestor of this word, which also had the sense ‘promontory’. This is the sense of the cognate Gaelic word ros. Known sources of the surname include Roos in Humberside (formerly in East Yorkshire) and the region of northern Scotland known as Ross. Other possible sources are Ross-on-Wye in Herefordshire, Ross in Northumbria (which is on a promontory), and Roose in LancashireEnglish and German : from the Germanic personal name Rozzo, a short form of the various compound names with the first element hrÅd ‘renown’, introduced into England by the Normans in the form Roce.German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a breeder or keeper of horses, from Middle High German ros, German Ross ‘horse’; perhaps also a nickname for someone thought to resemble a horse or a habitational name for someone who lived at a house distinguished by the sign of a horse.Jewish : Americanized form of Rose 3.
Boy/Male
English
Literally 'cross land'.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived near a stone cross set up by the roadside or in a marketplace, from Old Norse kross (via Gaelic from Latin crux, genitive crucis), which in Middle English quickly and comprehensively displaced the Old English form crūc (see Crouch). In a few cases the surname may have been given originally to someone who lived by a crossroads, but this sense of the word seems to have been a comparatively late development. In other cases, the surname (and its European cognates) may have denoted someone who carried the cross in processions of the Christian Church, but in English at least the usual word for this sense was Crozier.Irish : reduced form of McCrossen.In North America this name has absorbed examples of cognate names from other languages, such as French Lacroix.
Male
Italian
Short form of Italian Crocifisso, or Croccifixio, CROSS means "cross; crucifix" or "way of the cross."
Girl/Female
Spanish
Holy cross.
CROSS ENTROPY-METHOD
CROSS ENTROPY-METHOD
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
The Banner of the Gods
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Rajasthani, Telugu, Traditional
Gift of Sun
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
A Prophet's name
Boy/Male
Tamil
Breeze
Girl/Female
Christian, Danish, French, German, Greek, Swedish
Friend of Horses; Lover of Horses; Female Version of Philip
Boy/Male
Australian, Welsh
Rock; Stone; Welsh Form of Peter
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Goddess of Wisdom
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Krishna
Girl/Female
Tamil
The Goddess who is in the form of a swan
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Goddess Parvathi
CROSS ENTROPY-METHOD
CROSS ENTROPY-METHOD
CROSS ENTROPY-METHOD
CROSS ENTROPY-METHOD
CROSS ENTROPY-METHOD
n.
A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat the quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves the body the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small amount, h, of heat enters the body when its temperature is t in the thermodynamic scale the entropy of the body is increased by h / t. The entropy is regarded as measured from some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes called the thermodynamic function.
superl.
Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as, the gross sum, or gross amount, the gross weight; -- opposed to net.
imp. & p. p.
of Cross-question
n.
A monument in the form of a cross, or surmounted by a cross, set up in a public place; as, a market cross; a boundary cross; Charing Cross in London.
superl.
Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a gross mistake; gross injustice; gross negligence.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Cross-question
v. t.
To lay or draw something, as a line, across; as, to cross the letter t.
n.
Alt. of Cross-spall
n.
A piece of money stamped with the figure of a cross, also, that side of such a piece on which the cross is stamped; hence, money in general.
n.
See Cross, n.
v. t.
To put across or athwart; to cause to intersect; as, to cross the arms.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Cross-examine
n.
Same as Cross-spale.
prep.
Athwart; across.
v. t.
To cancel by marking crosses on or over, or drawing a line across; to erase; -- usually with out, off, or over; as, to cross out a name.
a.
Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation; mutually inverse; interchanged; as, cross interrogatories; cross marriages, as when a brother and sister marry persons standing in the same relation to each other.
n.
See Cross, n.
n.
One who cross-examines or conducts a crosse-examination.
n.
A line drawn across or through another line.
imp. & p. p.
of Cross-examine