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Artic convoy of the Second World War
Convoy QP 8 (1–11 March 1942) departed Murmansk with eight merchant ships. The perpetual darkness of the Arctic winter had begun to wane but for two or
Convoy_QP_8
WWII Allied naval convoy
Convoy QP 14 (13–26 September 1942) was an Arctic convoy of the QP series which ran during the Second World War. The convoy was a return journey of Allied
Convoy_QP_14
November 1941 Arctic convoy
Convoy QP 2 (3–17 November 1941) was the second return Arctic Convoy of the Second World War by which the Allies brought back the ships that had carried
Convoy_QP_2
Artic convoy of the Second World War
Convoy QP 9 (21 March – 3 April 1942) departed Murmansk with 18 merchant ships. The distant escort by the cruiser HMS Kenya was intended to cover the
Convoy_QP_9
Artic convoy of the Second World War
Convoy QP 4 (29 December 1941 – 9 January 1942) was an Arctic convoy that sailed from Arkhangelsk in the Arctic north of the USSR. The convoy detoured
Convoy_QP_4
Convoy QP 1 (28 September – 19 October 1941) was the first Arctic Convoy of the Second World War by which the Allies brought back the ships of Operation
Convoy_QP_1
Arctic convoy sent to aid the Soviet Union during World War II
destroy Convoy PQ 12 and its reciprocal, Convoy QP 8. After departing Trondheim, Ciliax received no more sighting reports of Convoy PQ 12. At 8:30 a.m
Convoy_PQ_12
Arctic convoy of World War II
Convoy QP 15 (17–30 November 1942) was one of the Arctic convoys of World War II the last of the PQ–QP series between northern Russia and Britain. QP
Convoy_QP_15
Artic convoy of the Second World War
Convoy QP 6 (24 January – 2 February 1942) departed Murmansk with six merchant ships. A German Junkers 88 bomber on reconnaissance was spotted from the
Convoy_QP_6
Convoy QP 11 (28 April – 7 May 1942) was an Arctic convoy of the Second World War, of merchant ships returning from the Soviet Union to Iceland. The convoy
Convoy_QP_11
Arctic convoy of World War II
Convoy QP 10 (10–21 April 1942) was an Arctic convoy of the Second World War, consisting of empty merchant ships returning from Murmansk in the Soviet
Convoy_QP_10
Convoy QP 13 was an Arctic convoy of the PQ–QP series that ran during the Second World War. It was the thirteenth of the numbered series of return convoys
Convoy_QP_13
Artic convoy of the Second World War
Convoy QP 12 (21–29 May 1942) departed from Murmansk with 17 merchant ships on the same day that the reciprocal Convoy PQ 16 departed from Hvalfjörður
Convoy_QP_12
Artic convoy of the Second World War
Convoy QP 5 (13–24 January 1942) was an Arctic convoy that sailed from Murmansk in the Arctic north of the USSR. The convoy detoured north, away from
Convoy_QP_5
Type 1934A-class destroyer
intercept Convoy QP 8 returning from Russia. Another unsuccessful intercept was made in early April before the Germans were successful with Convoy QP 11 at
German destroyer Z7 Hermann Schoemann
German_destroyer_Z7_Hermann_Schoemann
convoy escorts and to sail outbound and homeward convoys at the same time, for both to benefit from the distant escort. Convoy PQ 12 and Convoy QP 8 were
Convoy_PQ_11
German naval raid of World War II
movements. Two Arctic convoys sailed simultaneously on 1 March 1942. Convoy PQ 12 left Iceland bound for the Soviet Union, and Convoy QP 8 departed Murmansk
Operation_Sportpalast
Allied oceangoing convoys
first convoy series was Convoy PQ 1 to Convoy PQ 18 (outbound) and Convoy QP 1 to Convoy QP 15 (inbound). The second series was Convoy JW 51 to Convoy JW
Arctic convoys of World War II
Arctic_convoys_of_World_War_II
Bismarck-class battleship of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine
of torpedo boats, were intended to attack the homebound convoy QP 8 and the outbound Convoy PQ 12 as part of Unternehmen Sportpalast (Operation Sports
German_battleship_Tirpitz
Artic convoy of the Second World War
Convoy QP 7 (12–22 February 1942) departed Murmansk with eight merchant ships. The convoy reached Seyðisfjörður in Iceland safely, having suffered no
Convoy_QP_7
Convoy QP 3 (17 November – 12 December 1941) was an Arctic convoy that sailed from Arkhangelsk in the Arctic north of the USSR to Iceland and terminated
Convoy_QP_3
WWII Arctic Convoy
air effort against convoys PQ 13, 14, 15 and convoys QP 9, 10 and 11 had little effect, twelve sinkings out of 16 lost in PQ convoys and two out of five
Convoy_PQ_14
British Arctic convoy in March 1942
German battleship Tirpitz sailed against Convoy PQ 12 and the return Convoy QP 8. Four of the Kirkenes U-boats took up ambush positions off the Kola Inlet
Convoy_PQ_13
1942 German naval sortie in the Arctic Ocean
wanted the next outbound convoy and its reciprocal return convoy to sail at the same time. The returning 15 ships of Convoy QP 8 were held back on the Kola
Operation_Regenbogen_(Arctic)
Minesweeper of the Royal Navy
Bramble served on the following convoys between the UK and Russia, prefixed PQ, with returning convoys prefixed QP: "Halcyon Minesweepers : Specifications"
HMS_Bramble_(J11)
Naval theatre of operations
straggling from convoy QP 8. An unsuccessful airstrike from HMS Victorious on 9 March caused Tirpitz to seek refuge in Narvik. 24 March 1942: Convoy QP 9 escort
Arctic naval operations of World War II
Arctic_naval_operations_of_World_War_II
Arctic convoy sent to aid the Soviet Union during World War II
and the cessation of convoys after the disaster of Convoy PQ 17. Harmatris sailed for Arkhangelsk on 21 July. Not until Convoy QP 14 (13–26 September 1942)
Convoy_PQ_8
County-class heavy cruiser built in the late 1920s
Russia. She briefly escorted Convoy QP 8 on the return leg from Russia in March 1942 and provided distant cover for Convoy QP 10 the following month. Kent
HMS_Kent_(54)
1942 Avenger-class escort carrier of the Royal Navy
convoy had been sunk. Avenger and the escorts joined the homeward bound Convoy QP 14 at 05:00 17 September and sent up a Swordfish on anti-submarine patrol
HMS_Avenger_(D14)
Arctic convoy
World War. The convoy was the largest yet and was provided with a considerable number of escorts and submarines. Convoy QP 12, a return convoy, sailed on
Convoy_PQ_16
German World War II destroyer
two British minesweepers, Hazard and Speedy, sailing to rendezvous with Convoy QP 6. The Germans intercepted them, but the heavy fog and icing precluded
German_destroyer_Z25
attack. Instead of meeting homeward-bound QP convoys near Bear Island, QP 14 was to remain in port until Convoy PQ 18 was near its destination, despite
Operation_Orator
This is a list of Allied convoys during World War II by region. Hague 2000a, pp. 120–122. "Norwegian Campaign, World War 2 at Sea, April 1940". Archived
List of Allied convoys during World War II by region
List_of_Allied_convoys_during_World_War_II_by_region
Destroyer
distant escort to the Arctic Convoys QP 8 and PQ 12. The Tirpitz sortied in an attempt to intercept one of the convoys, while the distant escort, including
HMS_Onslow_(G17)
Allied World War II convoy in the Arctic Ocean
Luftwaffe BV 138 flying boats on 1 July. On 2 July, the convoy sighted the reciprocal Convoy QP 13. Convoy PQ 17 was attacked by nine torpedo aircraft later
Convoy_PQ_17
an operations officer in the Admiralty; the reciprocal return convoys were coded QP. The Western Allies used the Arctic route to supply the Soviet Union
Convoy_PQ_1
Attempt by German Navy to intercept convoy from UK to Soviet Union
March attack on Tirpitz during Operation Sportpalast against Convoy PQ 12 – Convoy QP 8. British aerial photograph of Altafjord, British official photographer
Operation_Rösselsprung_(1942)
Type 1934A-class destroyer
Paul Jacobi and three other destroyers, sortied to attack the returning convoy QP 8 and the Russia-bound PQ 12 as part of Operation Sportpalast (Sports Palace)
German destroyer Z5 Paul Jacobi
German_destroyer_Z5_Paul_Jacobi
Allied WWII freighter convoy to the Soviet Union
practice of meeting homeward-bound QP convoys near Bear Island was dispensed with and QP 14 was to wait until Convoy PQ 18 was near its destination, despite
Convoy_PQ_18
World War II naval convoy
on the centre of the convoy extravagantly risky. Coastal Command operations in support of Convoy PQ 18 and the returning Convoy QP 14, involved 111 aircraft
Convoy_PQ_18_order_of_battle
1941 Ranger-class fleet support tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary
German submarine U-435 on 22 September 1942 while travelling as part of Convoy QP 14. "RFA Gray Ranger". Historical RFA. Retrieved 2 September 2025. 70°N
RFA_Gray_Ranger
Murmansk. German knowledge of these and the reciprocal westbound convoys (Convoy QP 1 to Convoy QP 4) was too vague to plan attacks by the limited forces available
Convoy_PQ_2
Group of vehicles traveling together
Sea, March 1943 The convoy prefix indicates the route of the convoy. For example, 'PQ' would be Iceland to Northern Russia and 'QP' the return route. The
Convoy
Sailings by unescorted merchant ships during WWII
(Musson). Convoy QP 15 (convoy commodore, Captain W. C. Meek) was a return convoy of thirty empty merchant ships from the USSR and was the last of the QP series
Operation_FB
American merchant ship
remain in port for weeks or months, West Nohno was ready to sail in Convoy QP 8 on 1 March, returning to Reykjavik on 11 March. She sailed for Halifax
SS_West_Nohno
This is a list of convoy codes used by the Allies during World War II There were over 300 convoy routes organized, in all areas of the world; each was
List of Allied convoy codes during World War II
List_of_Allied_convoy_codes_during_World_War_II
Captain John Dowding, commanded the ill-fated PQ 17 and the returning QP 14. In both convoys his flagship was sunk and he had to be rescued from the icy waters
Convoy_commodore
World War II merchant ship of the United Kingdom
on 30 October. Empire Baffin joined from Scapa Flow on 17 October. QP 3 Convoy QP 3 sailed from Arkhangelsk on 27 November 1941 and dispersed on 3 December
SS_Empire_Baffin
Destroyer of the Soviet Navy
later, but they were finally able to meet the convoy that evening. Gromky helped to escort Convoy QP 8 on 1–4 March, but ran out of fuel the following
Soviet_destroyer_Gromky
K-class submarine from World War II
southern flank of Convoy PQ 12 and Convoy QP 8 in March, but her patrol was uneventful. The submarine is assigned similar duties for Convoy QP 11 in April–May
Soviet_submarine_K-23
Destroyer of the Soviet Navy
engaged a German ship just once, while defending Convoy QP 13 in early 1942. While escorting Convoy QP 15 in November, she sank during a severe storm after
Soviet destroyer Sokrushitelny (1937)
Soviet_destroyer_Sokrushitelny_(1937)
Allied convoy of World War II
Convoy RA 55A was an Arctic convoy during World War II. It was one of a series of convoys run to return Allied ships from Soviet northern ports to ports
Convoy_RA_55A
Cruiser of the Royal Navy
stay close to the convoy but patrolled in the area northwest of Jan Mayen and covered the returning Convoy QP 14 as well. Arctic convoys were then suspended
HMS_Norfolk_(78)
1943 German WWII naval sortie
a trap. On 25 December Scharnhorst sailed to intercept the British convoy, Convoy JW 55B, believing it to be sparsely protected. In the ensuing Battle
Operation_Ostfront
Soviet motor vessel
of Convoy QP 1 in September 1941. In January 1942 she brought military cargo to Murmansk as part of Convoy PQ 8. The next trip was with Convoy QP 7 to
MV_Stary_Bolshevik
Destroyer of the Soviet Navy
Barents Sea. Later in March, she took part in escorting convoys QP 8 and PQ 12. While escorting Convoy QP 9 on 22 March 1942, a severe storm damaged the upper
Soviet destroyer Gremyashchy (1937)
Soviet_destroyer_Gremyashchy_(1937)
Attacks on warships protecting cargo ships
Convoy Battles of World War II occurred when convoys of warships protected cargo ships assembled for mutual defence and were attacked by submarines, surface
Convoy battles of World War II
Convoy_battles_of_World_War_II
Minesweeper
War. On 5 July 1942, the vessel sailed into a minefield while escorting Convoy QP 13 and struck one of the mines, later sinking with only eight survivors
HMS_Niger_(J73)
Type 1934A-class destroyer
escorted by Ihn and three other destroyers, sortied to attack the returning Convoy QP 8 and the Russia-bound PQ 12 as part of Operation Sportpalast (Sports Palace)
German destroyer Z14 Friedrich Ihn
German_destroyer_Z14_Friedrich_Ihn
Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 16 January 2012. "Convoy SC.73". Warsailors. Retrieved 24 May 2012. Jordan, Roger (1999). The World's
List of shipwrecks in March 1942
List_of_shipwrecks_in_March_1942
Arctic convoy during the Second World War
Convoy JW 51B (30 December 1942 – 3 January 1943) was an Arctic convoy sent from United Kingdom by the Western Allies to aid the Soviet Union during the
Convoy_JW_51B
Minesweeper of the Royal Navy
21 March she and Sharpshooter joined the return convoy QP 9 at Kola Inlet. They sailed with the convoy as far as Reykjavík, which they reached on 3 April
HMS_Britomart_(J22)
Arctic convoy sent to aid the Soviet Union during World War II
JW 51A was the first of the JW–RA convoy series, replacing the previous PQ−QP series which had been suspended during the summer and autumn of 1942. The
Convoy_JW_51A
Minesweeper of the Royal Navy
local escort for Arctic convoys as they arrived and left Russian ports. Convoys escorted included PQ 8, PQ 9/10, QP 7 and QP 9. On the night of 17/18
HMS_Sharpshooter_(J68)
1941 Illustrious-class aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy
Arctic convoys PQ 12 (out-bound) and QP 8 (return). On 6 March 1942, Tirpitz and three destroyers sortied from Trondheim to attack the two convoys in Operation
HMS_Victorious_(R38)
World War II naval battle
warships of the German Navy (Kriegsmarine) and British ships escorting Convoy JW 51B to Kola Inlet in the USSR. The action took place in the Barents Sea
Battle_of_the_Barents_Sea
against Convoy PQ 13, Convoy PQ 14, PQ 15 and Convoy QP 9, Convoy QP 10 and Convoy QP 11 had little effect, twelve sinkings out of 16 lost in PQ convoys and
Convoy_PQ_15
Destroyer of the Royal Navy
original convoy of 40 ships. On 16 September, Martin with Scylla and the rest of the destroyers transferred to the westbound convoy, QP 14. This convoy escaped
HMS_Martin_(G44)
Retrieved 12 August 2011. "Convoy QP.2". Convoyweb. Retrieved 12 August 2011. "CONVOY PQ 13". Warsailors. Retrieved 12 August 2011. "CONVOY UR 23". Warsailors
HMT_Celia
Convoy PQ 7 (26 December 1941 – 11 January 1942) was the eighth of the Arctic convoys of the Second World War by which the Western Allies supplied equipment
Convoy_PQ_7
World War II convoy
Convoy JW 55B was an Arctic convoy sent from Great Britain by the Western Allies to aid the Soviet Union during World War II. It sailed in late December
Convoy_JW_55B
Convoy PQ 17 was the penultimate convoy of the PQ series of Arctic convoys, bound from British and American ports through the Arctic Ocean via Reykjavík
Convoy_PQ_17_order_of_battle
Convoy PQ 3 (9−22 November 1941) was the fourth of the Arctic Convoys of the Second World War by which the Western Allies supplied the Soviet Union in
Convoy_PQ_3
Convoy JW 56A was an Arctic convoy sent from Great Britain by the Western Allies to aid the Soviet Union during World War II. It sailed in January 1944
Convoy_JW_56A
World War II merchant ship of the United Kingdom
Empire Cowper was bombed and sunk on 11 April 1942 whilst a member of Convoy QP 10. Empire Cowper was built in 1941 by William Doxford & Sons Ltd, Sunderland
SS_Empire_Cowper
Convoy PQ 4 (17−28 November 1941) was the fifth of the Arctic Convoys of World War II by which the Western Allies supplied weapons, equipment and raw
Convoy_PQ_4
Convoy PQ 6 (8−20/23 December 1941) was the seventh of the Arctic convoys of World War II by which the Western Allies supplied military equipment, weapons
Convoy_PQ_6
WWII UK Arctic convoy to aid USSR
Convoys PQ 9/10 (1–10 February 1942) was an Arctic convoy sent from Britain via Iceland by the Western Allies to aid the Soviet Union during the Second
Convoy_PQ_9/10
The repairs were hampered by enemy bombings, which killed one crewman. Convoy QP 14 departed Murmansk on 13 September 1942 and arrived at Loch Ewe on 26
SS_Tobruk
Military operation in World War II
from Japanese naval intelligence alerted the Germans to the sailing of a convoy, EON-18. The German cruiser Admiral Scheer supported by five U-boats and
Operation_Wunderland
Destroyer of the Soviet Navy
began on 23 March and lasted until 8 May. The ship escorted Convoy QP 12 on 21–23 May and then helped to escort Convoy PQ 16 on 28–30 May. A month later
Soviet_destroyer_Grozny
Ocean liner (1919–1959)
north-Russian ports. Ville d'Anvers was part of Convoy PQ 1 and Convoy QP 2, and additionally participated in Convoy HX 233. After World War II, she was the only
SS_Arosa_Kulm
Destroyer of the Royal Navy
escorted returning Convoy QP 15, and Convoy JW 51A in December. Further escort duty followed in 1943, escorting Convoy JW 52 in January, Convoy JW 53 in February
HMS_Faulknor_(H62)
Soviet campaign on the Eastern Front during World War II
Petsamo–Kirkenes Convoys 1941 Dervish PQ 1 PQ 2 PQ 3 PQ 4 PQ 5 PQ 6 PQ 7 QP 1 QP 2 QP 3 QP 4 1942 QP 5 QP 6 PQ 8 PQ 9/10 PQ 11 QP 7 PQ 12 QP 8 PQ 13 QP 9 PQ 14 QP 10
Petsamo–Kirkenes_offensive
German World War II destroyer
two British minesweepers, Hazard and Speedy, sailing to rendezvous with Convoy QP 6. The Germans intercepted them, but the heavy fog and icing precluded
German_destroyer_Z24
Destroyer of the Royal Navy
convoy PQ 17 in June 1942, from which twenty-four ships were lost. Only two months later she took up the role of close escort in the Pedestal convoy to
HMS_Ledbury_(L90)
Arctic convoy from Great Britain
Convoy JW 54A was an Arctic convoy sent from Britain by the Western Allies to aid the Soviet Union during the Second World War. It sailed in November 1943
Convoy_JW_54A
British B-class destroyer
returning Convoy QP 11 with the same ships. Two days later the light cruiser Edinburgh joined the convoy. Whilst taking position ahead of the convoy later
HMS_Bulldog_(H91)
Benham-class destroyer
the routes of convoys PQ-16 and QP-12 to intercept any German units which might sortie from Norway to destroy the convoys. The first convoy was bound for
USS_Rowan_(DD-405)
Convoy JW 58 (27 March − 4 April 1944) was an Arctic convoy sent from Britain by the Western Allies to aid the Soviet Union during World War II. The convoy
Convoy_JW_58
1943 naval battle during the Arctic campaign of WWII
battleship Scharnhorst sailed to implement Operation Ostfront, an attack on Arctic convoys carrying supplies from the western Allies to the Soviet Union. Scharnhorst
Battle_of_the_North_Cape
WWII Arctic Convoy to the Soviet Union
followed by a regular series of convoys numbered like their Atlantic counterparts. The first homeward-bound convoy, QP 1 included the Dervish merchant
Operation_Dervish_(1941)
Edinburgh-class cruiser
two convoys to the Soviet Union (Convoy QP 4 and Convoy PQ 13), returning to Scapa Flow on 28 March. On 6 April, she left Scapa Flow to escort convoy PQ
HMS_Edinburgh_(16)
Military unit
flotilla operated mainly in the North Sea and against the Russian convoys (JW, PQ, QP and RA series) in the Arctic Sea. The flotilla operated various marks
11th_U-boat_Flotilla
She was launched in August 1941 as HMS Oxlip, and served on the Arctic convoys during World War II. HMS Oxlip was ordered in July 1939 as part of the
LÉ_Maev
Destroyer of the Royal Navy
same three ships, for convoy PQ 14 and QP 10. Later in April, she was yet again deployed in such a rôle, for convoys PQ 15 and QP 11. However, this time
HMS_Middleton_(L74)
Destroyer of the Royal Navy
Russian Convoy PQ 18. Further Arctic convoy duty followed, escorting returning Convoy QP 15 in November, then Convoy JW 51A in December 1942, and Convoy JW
HMS_Echo_(H23)
British F-class destroyer
distant cover for Convoy PQ 16 and Convoy QP 12 later in the month. The ship was assigned as part of the close escort for Convoy QP 17 at the end of June
HMS_Fury_(H76)
World War II merchant ship of the United Kingdom
January 2009. "Arctic Convoys". Gordon Mumford. Archived from the original on 8 August 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2010. "Convoy QP 9". Warsailors. Retrieved
SS_Empire_Byron
1933 class of British minesweepers
Iceland, part of Convoy QP 13 wandered into a British minefield. Niger (Cdr. A. J. Cubison, DSC and Bar), which was escorting the convoy, was lost. On 29
Halcyon-class_minesweeper
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CONVOY QP-8
CONVOY QP-8
CONVOY QP-8
CONVOY QP-8
CONVOY QP-8
CONVOY QP-8
CONVOY QP-8
CONVOY QP-8
CONVOY QP-8
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