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The predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) is the concentration of a chemical which marks the limit at which below no adverse effects of exposure in
Predicted no-effect concentration
Predicted_no-effect_concentration
Effect affecting the pulmonary alveolar gas concentration during anesthesia
inhaled anesthetics, the concentration effect is the increase in the rate that the Fa (alveolar concentration)/Fi (inspired concentration) ratio rises as the
Concentration_effect
Effect occurring during general anesthesia
the concentration of gases remaining in the alveoli is increased. This results in effects known as the second gas effect and the "concentration effect".
Second_gas_effect
Concentration of a compound where 50% of its maximal effect is observed
exposure time. More simply, EC50 can be defined as the concentration required to obtain a 50% [...] effect and may be also written as [A]50. It is commonly
EC50
Class of models in pharmacology
related to the field of pharmacometrics. Central to PKPD models is the concentration-effect or exposure-response relationship. A variety of PKPD modeling approaches
PKPD_model
Effect of anesthesia
Nonetheless, this effect only lasts a couple of minutes and hypoxia can be avoided by increasing the fractional inspired oxygen concentration when recovering
Fink_effect
Exposure level measure used in drug studies
known as NOEL (no-observed-effect level) as well as NEC (no-effect concentration) and NOEC (no-observed-effect concentration). The United States Environmental
No-observed-adverse-effect level
No-observed-adverse-effect_level
Measure of organism response to stimulus
Dose–response relationships can be described by dose–response curves, or concentration-response curves. This is explained further in the following sections
Dose–response_relationship
Concept in physiology
concentration of carbon dioxide. That is, the Bohr effect refers to the shift in the oxygen dissociation curve caused by changes in the concentration
Bohr_effect
no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), also called no-effect concentration (NEC), no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) or similarly lowest-observed-adverse-effect level
Measures of pollutant concentration
Measures_of_pollutant_concentration
Atmospheric constituent and greenhouse gas
ocean acidification. Another direct effect is the CO2 fertilization effect. The increase in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 causes a range of further effects
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Earth
Carbon_dioxide_in_the_atmosphere_of_Earth
Toxic effect of metal ions on living cells
of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. This effect is attributed to the antibacterial behavior of metal ions, which
Oligodynamic_effect
The Dufour effect is the energy flux due to a mass concentration gradient occurring as a coupled effect of irreversible processes. The effect is named after
Dufour_effect
Half maximal inhibitory concentration
excitatory drugs. EC50 represents the dose or plasma concentration required for obtaining 50% of a maximum effect in vivo. IC50 can be determined with functional
IC50
Atmospheric heat retention
greenhouse effect describes the fact that by increasing the concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere (due to human action), the natural greenhouse effect is increased
Greenhouse_effect
Receptor models to explain drug behavior
to introduce the log concentration–effect curve and described the now-familiar 'parallel shift' of the log concentration–effect curve produced by a competitive
Receptor_theory
Measure of the level of acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution
directed to the effect of acid on the growth of bacteria. He found that it is the intensity of the acid in terms of hydrogen-ion concentration that affects
PH
Medically induced loss of consciousness
usually in the wrist (radial artery) or groin (femoral artery). Agent concentration measurement: anaesthetic machines typically have monitors to measure
General_anaesthesia
Psychedelic drug
plasma-concentration time curve (b) and exhibiting no hysteresis in the LSD concentration-effect plot (c). In contrast, the MDMA concentration-effect plot
LSD
Reduced pressure caused by a flow restriction in a tube or pipe
The Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a moving fluid speeds up as it is funneled from one section of a pipe to another
Venturi_effect
Type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks a biological response
antagonist assays, a dose-response curve measures the effect of the ability of a range of concentrations of antagonists to reverse the activity of an agonist
Receptor_antagonist
Enzymes that change shape and activity
response to small changes in effector concentration. Effector molecules, which may be the substrate itself (homotropic effectors) or some other small molecule
Allosteric_enzyme
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer
The concentration of mass into stars reduces the concentration in surrounding areas. The overall process is referred to as the "Matthew effect". A model
Matthew_effect
Movement of molecules to lower concentration
potential (region of lower solute concentration) to a region of low water potential (region of higher solute concentration), in the direction that tends to
Osmosis
Unreliability of eyewitnesses
The Rashomon effect is the phenomenon of the unreliability of eyewitnesses. The effect is named after Akira Kurosawa's 1950 Japanese film Rashomon, in
Rashomon_effect
Phenomenon observed in drink mixing
The ouzo effect (/ˈuːzoʊ/ OO-zoh), also known as the louche effect (/luːʃ/ LOOSH) and spontaneous emulsification, is the phenomenon of formation of a
Ouzo_effect
Repatterned modes of perception after devotion to an activity
The Tetris effect occurs when someone dedicates substantial time, effort, and concentration to an activity and thereby alters their thoughts, dreams, and
Tetris_effect
Location in an object where stress is far greater than the surrounding region
K_{t}=3} . The stress concentration factor should not be confused with the stress intensity factor, which is used to define the effect of a crack on the stresses
Stress_concentration
Measurement of the potency of anaesthetic gasses
induce a specific effect) of anaesthetic vapours. The concept of MAC was first introduced in 1965. "Minimum alveolar concentration" is a misnomer, as
Minimum alveolar concentration
Minimum_alveolar_concentration
Concentration of oxygen below which combustion is not possible
(non-flammable) gas. Limiting oxygen concentration for solid materials The effect of increasing the concentration of inert gas can be understood by viewing
Limiting_oxygen_concentration
Reduced antibiotic effect at higher concentrations
bacteria. The former effect is paradoxical because the effectiveness of an antibiotic generally rises with increasing drug concentration. Proposed mechanisms:
Eagle_effect
Electromagnetic effect in physics
The Hall effect is the production of a potential difference, across an electrical conductor, that is transverse to an electric current in the conductor
Hall_effect
State of medically-controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness
Anesthesia provision in the US Capnography Concentration effect Dogliotti's principle Drug-induced amnesia Fink effect Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
Outline_of_anesthesia
Emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation hits a material
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a material caused by electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. Electrons emitted
Photoelectric_effect
Principle to predict effects of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium
temperature, pressure, or concentration) the system tends to adjust itself to a new equilibrium by counteracting as far as possible the effect of the change — Le
Le_Chatelier's_principle
Heat-trapping gas in an atmosphere
the greenhouse effect, but its global concentrations are not directly affected by human activity. While local water vapor concentrations can be affected
Greenhouse_gas
Integral of drug concentration in blood plasma over time
under the effect curve (AUEC) is an integral of the effect of a drug over time, estimated as a previously-established function of concentration. It was
Area under the curve (pharmacokinetics)
Area_under_the_curve_(pharmacokinetics)
Decrease in solubility of an ionic substance in solution when a common ion is added
the salt, which reduces the concentration of both ions of the salt until the solubility equilibrium is reached. The effect is based on the fact that both
Common-ion_effect
Medicine preventing a biological response
concentration–effect curve to shift to the right while maintaining its maximum slope is a measure of the dosage ratio. The antagonist concentration causes
Drug_antagonism
Electric current generation from light
solar cell, which the materials have no initial carrier concentration, does not have the AC PV effect. The performance of a photovoltaic module depends on
Photovoltaic_effect
relates the concentration of an anti-infective agent to its effect, specifically to its antimicrobial effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and
Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics
Antimicrobial_pharmacodynamics
Phenomenon in fluid mechanics
highest concentration of particles lies between the central axis and the wall of the pipe. Mark C. Porter first suspected that the pinch effect was responsible
Tubular_pinch_effect
Alpha-adrenergic agonist
Neill DM, Tippett P, Dollery CT (May 1977). "Pharmacokinetics and concentration-effect relationships of intervenous and oral clonidine". Clinical Pharmacology
Clonidine
Branch of pharmacology
dose–response relationships, that is, the relationships between drug concentration and effect. One dominant example is drug-receptor interactions as modeled
Pharmacodynamics
Sufficient amount to kill
Lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL), also known as lowest-observed-adverse-effect concentration (LOAEC) Lowest published toxic concentration (TCLo) Median
Lethal_dose
Physical phenomenon between two fluids
The Marangoni effect (also called the Gibbs–Marangoni effect) is the mass transfer along an interface between two phases due to a gradient of the surface
Marangoni_effect
Type of field-effect transistor
chemically-sensitive field-effect transistor, that is a field-effect transistor used as a sensor for measuring chemical concentrations in solution. When the
Chemical field-effect transistor
Chemical_field-effect_transistor
Process of progressive accumulation in food chain
as bioamplification or biological magnification, is the increase in concentration of a substance in the tissues of organisms at successively higher levels
Biomagnification
Nazi concentration camp in Austria (1938–1945)
Mauthausen was a Nazi concentration camp on a hill above the market town of Mauthausen (roughly 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Linz) in Upper Austria.
Mauthausen_concentration_camp
Nazi ghetto in Terezín, Czechoslovakia
of ghetto and concentration camp, with features of both. It was established by order of the RSHA in 1941 and, unlike other concentration camps, was not
Theresienstadt_Ghetto
compared with the respective Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) and Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) in order to decide whether exposure model
Measured environmental concentration
Measured_environmental_concentration
Molarity of osmotically active particles
Osmotic concentration, formerly known as osmolarity, is the measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles (Osm) of solute per litre
Osmotic_concentration
Concentration polarization is a term used in the scientific fields of electrochemistry and membrane science. In electrochemistry, concentration polarization
Concentration_polarization
Photography appearance
subject's eyes red. The hue is mostly caused by a high concentration of blood in the choroid. The effect can also be influenced by the near proximity of the
Red-eye_effect
Projections used in climate change modeling
Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) are climate change scenarios to project future greenhouse gas concentrations. These pathways (or trajectories)
Representative Concentration Pathway
Representative_Concentration_Pathway
Chemical compound
ocean acidification. Another direct effect is the CO2 fertilization effect. The increase in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 causes a range of further effects
Carbon_dioxide
Term in market economics
In economics, market concentration is a function of the number of firms and their respective shares of the total production (alternatively, total capacity
Market_concentration
American anesthesiologist (1928–2024)
Wolf, GL (1964). "Influence of the Concentration Effect on the Uptake of Anesthetic Mixtures: The Second Gas Effect". Anesthesiology. 25: 364–71. doi:10
Robert_M._Epstein
Restrained ability of human process reversal
leading to a cell fate of a lower concentration. The ratchet effect is reflected in the Collingridge dilemma. The ratchet effect can be seen in long-term trends
Ratchet_effect
Volatile or gaseous anesthetic compound delivered by inhalation
mixture of ethanol, chloroform and diethyl ether Anaesthetic Concentration effect Second gas effect Tamburro CH (1978). "Health effects of vinyl chloride".
Inhalational_anesthetic
using FACE are required because most studies looking at the effect of elevated CO2 concentrations have been conducted in labs and where there are many missing
Free-air concentration enrichment
Free-air_concentration_enrichment
Immunologic phenomenon occurring in high antigen or antibody levels
washing, can prevent the effect, as can increasing the relative concentration of antibody to antigen, thereby mediating the effect.[citation needed] Examples
Hook_effect
Behaviour of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane
intracellular chloride concentration. The Donnan effect may explain why some red blood cells do not have active sodium pumps; the effect relieves the osmotic
Gibbs–Donnan_effect
Type of field-effect transistor
metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, MOS FET, or MOS transistor) is a type of field-effect transistor (FET), most commonly
MOSFET
Toxicology adage
harmful effect associated with its toxic properties only if it reaches a susceptible biological system within the body in a high enough concentration (i.e
The_dose_makes_the_poison
Biochemical production of ethanol by yeast
increasing up to a glucose concentration of 1000 mg/L. Thus, above 150 mg/L glucose the organism exhibited a Crabtree effect. It was the study of tumor
Crabtree_effect
Metaphorical term for a process that builds upon itself
Snowball sampling Streisand effect Tyranny of small decisions Wealth concentration Dictionary, Cambridge. "A snowball effect". Retrieved 23 March 2018.
Snowball_effect
Effect of high concentrations of macromolecules in living cells
effective concentrations. Crowding can promote formation of a biomolecular condensate by colloidal phase separation. This crowding effect can make molecules
Macromolecular_crowding
Phenomenon by which myocardial tension increases with increase in heart rate
Bowditch in 1871. The underlying cause of the Bowditch effect is an increase in the calcium concentration in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle cells
Bowditch_effect
Measure of drug activity
risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, diazepam, ziprasidone
Potency_(pharmacology)
function of solute concentration seen in all solutions above about 1 M is the effect of a jamming transition at a high concentration. As a result, the
Jones–Dole_equation
Rapid spread of fire up an inclined surface
The trench effect is a combination of circumstances that can rush a fire up an inclined surface. It depends on two well-understood but separate ideas:
Trench_effect
One of the three main camps in the Auschwitz concentration camp system
Monowitz (also known as Monowitz-Buna, Buna and Auschwitz III) was a Nazi concentration camp and labor camp (Arbeitslager) run by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland
Monowitz_concentration_camp
Components of a chemical sample other than the substance of interest
analyte in the absence of matrix. The concentration of analyte in both standards should be the same. A matrix effect value close to 100 indicates absence
Matrix_(chemical_analysis)
Increasing value with increasing participation
and create shareholder value. On the other hand, network effect can result in high concentration of power in an industry, or even a monopoly. This often
Network_effect
Hemodynamic phenomenon
The Fåhræus effect (/fɑːˈreɪ.əs/ far-AY-əs) is the decrease in average concentration of red blood cells in human blood as the diameter of the glass tube
Fåhræus_effect
Climatic effect causing a planet's atmosphere to trap heat and prevent cooling
A runaway greenhouse effect occurs when a planet's atmosphere contains greenhouse gas in an amount sufficient to block thermal radiation from leaving the
Runaway_greenhouse_effect
Quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug
therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. The related terms therapeutic window or safety window refer to a range
Therapeutic_index
Sexual phenomenon
The Coolidge effect is a biological phenomenon seen in animals, whereby males exhibit renewed sexual interest whenever a new female of reproductive availability
Coolidge_effect
Electromagnetic radiation from a charged particle in a medium
is widely used to facilitate the detection of small amounts and low concentrations of biomolecules. Radioactive atoms such as phosphorus-32 are readily
Cherenkov_radiation
Proposed mechanism of cannabis compounds
The entourage effect is a hypothesis that cannabis compounds, other than the cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), act synergistically
Entourage_effect
Substance that arouses sexual desires
as their properties tend to increase testosterone concentrations rather than estrogen concentrations. This is in part due to the historical context of
Aphrodisiac
Devices that measure magnetic field strength using the Hall effect
voltage to the charge carrier mobility and the concentration of the majority charge carriers, the Hall effect is an established method for determining these
Hall_effect_sensor
Atmospheric chemical signature of fossil fuel burning
The Suess effect is a change in the ratio of the atmospheric concentrations of heavy isotopes of carbon (13C and 14C) by the admixture of large amounts
Suess_effect
Type of chemical bonding with metal ions
the chelate effect considers the equilibrium constant for the reaction: the larger the equilibrium constant, the higher the concentration of the complex
Chelation
Inhibiting effect of oxygen on the fermentation process
The Pasteur effect describes how available oxygen inhibits ethanol fermentation, driving yeast to switch toward aerobic respiration for increased generation
Pasteur_effect
Phenomenon in oestrous cycles
lowers the concentration of luteinizing hormone and elevates prolactin levels, synchronising or stopping the recipient's cycle. This effect goes some way
Lee–Boot_effect
Chemical compound
Aslaksen A, Lehmann V, Lien E (1981). "Pharmacokinetics and serum concentration--effect relationship of intravenous deslanoside". Journal of Cardiovascular
Deslanoside
Discomfort following alcohol consumption
symptoms of a hangover may include headache, drowsiness, weakness, concentration problems, dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, muscle ache, gastrointestinal
Hangover
unpredictable concentrations of THC and other cannabinoids and hundreds of other molecules that have a pharmacological effect, so the final net effect cannot
Effects_of_cannabis
Rule of thumb in toxicology
relationship between the concentration of a poisonous gas and how long the gas must be breathed to produce death, or other toxic effect. The rule was formulated
Haber's_rule
Dependence of the state of a system on its history
transitions and with internal friction; and dissipation is a common side effect. Hysteresis can be found in physics, chemistry, engineering, biology, and
Hysteresis
Method in analytical chemistry
minimizes the potential bias arising from the matrix effect when determining the concentration. Standard addition involves adding known amounts of analyte
Standard_addition
Discredited 1970s hypothesis of imminent cooling of the Earth
G.; Rasool, S. I.; Schneider, S. H. (January 7, 1972). "Aerosol Concentrations: Effect on Planetary Temperatures". Science. 175 (4017): 95–6. Bibcode:1972Sci
Global_cooling
Societal phenomenon
The bandwagon effect is a psychological phenomenon where people adopt certain behaviors, styles, or attitudes simply because others are doing so. More
Bandwagon_effect
Defensive mechanism of cells against glycation
This effect is biphasic. Initially fatty acids potentiate the effects of glucose. After prolonged exposure to high fatty acid concentrations this changes
Randle_cycle
Capacity loss in rechargeable batteries
Memory effect, also known as battery effect, lazy battery effect, or battery memory, is an effect observed in nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries that
Memory_effect
Genus of clouds, low-level cloud
the concentration was found to be zero at cloud base. As altitude increased, the concentration rapidly increased to the maximum concentration near the
Cumulus_cloud
Analyzing a sample by studying trajectories of radiation passing through it
single particle. This is a necessary procedure that eliminates the concentration effect, which is a small shoulder that appears in the intensity patterns
Small-angle_scattering
Ionic compound (KBr)
of the potassium ion—sodium bromide tastes salty at any concentration. In high concentration, potassium bromide strongly irritates the gastric mucous
Potassium_bromide
CONCENTRATION EFFECT
CONCENTRATION EFFECT
Girl/Female
Hindu
Concentration, Ecstasy
Girl/Female
Indian
Teaching, Concentration
Boy/Male
Tamil
Concentration, Ecstasy
Boy/Male
Tamil
Thanmayee | தாநà¯à®®à®¾à®¯à¯€
Concentration, Ecstasy
Thanmayee | தாநà¯à®®à®¾à®¯à¯€
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi
Concentration
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian, Telugu
Trust; Concentration
Boy/Male
Muslim
Imagination, Concentration
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dheeksha | திகà¯à®·à®¾Â
Teaching, Concentration
Dheeksha | திகà¯à®·à®¾Â
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Concentration; Meditation
Boy/Male
Tamil
Concentration
Girl/Female
Tamil
Concentration, Ecstasy
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Concentration
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Concentration
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Concentration
Boy/Male
Indian
Concentration
Boy/Male
Hindu
Concentration, Ecstasy
Boy/Male
Hindu
Concentration, Ecstasy
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada
Concentration
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Good Concentration
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Modern, Traditional
Faith; Concentration
CONCENTRATION EFFECT
CONCENTRATION EFFECT
Biblical
a singing or calling out
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord Shiva
Male
English
Moor Dweller
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, Finnish, German, Italian, Polish, Swedish
Listener; God has Heard; Flower
Male
Egyptian
, the son of Mizraim.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
Momentary; Transient; A Mythological Forest
Biblical
belonging to all
Girl/Female
Hindu
Dream
Boy/Male
Australian, Latin
Strong and Healthy; Healthy; Strong
Male
Egyptian
, life.
CONCENTRATION EFFECT
CONCENTRATION EFFECT
CONCENTRATION EFFECT
CONCENTRATION EFFECT
CONCENTRATION EFFECT
n.
A central point; a point of concentration.
n.
Act of deconcentrating.
n.
A machine for concentrating ore. See Frue vanner.
n.
Content; satisfaction.
v. t.
To withdraw from concentration; to decentralize.
n.
The act or process of reducing the volume of a liquid, as by evaporation.
n.
Strife; contention.
n.
Concentration of one's interests on one's self; self-love; selfishness.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Concentrate
n.
A conjunction or concentration of rays in one point.
n.
An instrument for concentrating electricity by the effect of induction between conducting plates separated by a nonconducting plate.
n.
The quality of concentrating.
n.
An apparatus for the separation of dry comminuted ore, by exposing it to intermittent puffs of air.
a.
Serving or tending to concentrate; characterized by concentration.
n.
The act or process of concentrating; the process of becoming concentrated, or the state of being concentrated; concentration.
a.
Assembling; collecting; used for gathering or concentrating.
n.
The act or process of removing the dress of ore and of reducing the valuable part to smaller compass, as by currents of air or water.
n.
The act or practice of collecting or concentrating the mind; concentration; self-control.
n.
A giddy or thoughtless person; one incapable of concentration or attention.
v. t.
To bring to a certain strength or grade of concentration; as, to gradate a saline solution.