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Telecommunications and signal processing technique
of companding allows signals with a large dynamic range to be transmitted over facilities that have a smaller dynamic range capability. Companding is
Companding
Line of noise-reduction systems for audio-tape recording
using pre-emphasis and then de-emphasis is known as companding. On top of this basic companding concept, Dolby noise reduction systems add another improvement
Dolby_noise-reduction_system
Family of noise reduction systems
combination of compression and re-expansion gives rise to the name companding. Companding is useful even outside the field of noise reduction; a cassette
Dbx_(noise_reduction)
Audio companding algorithm
companding algorithm, primarily used in eight-bit PCM digital telecommunications systems in North America and Japan. It is one of the two companding algorithms
Mu-law_algorithm
Audio companding in communications
playing these files? See media help. An A-law algorithm is a standard companding algorithm, used in European eight-bit PCM digital communications systems
A-law_algorithm
Digital audio compression standard
reduction by digital companding. IEE Conference publication No. 119, pp. 90–96 Bartlett, C.J.C. and Greszczuk, J. (1964), Companding in a p.c.m. system
NICAM
Test phrases for voice recording
in English. Selection of Harvard Sentences used as benchmark for audio companding and file compression 16-bit linear PCM Original recording using 16 bit
Harvard_sentences
Number of bits of information recorded for each digital audio sample
of 16, 20, or 24 bits per sample. ITU-T specifies the A-law and μ-law companding algorithms, compressing down from 13 and 14 bits respectively. NICAM systems
Audio_bit_depth
Series of digital sampling synthesizers
an eight-bit sampler, but it delivered superior fidelity by employing companding digital-to-analog converters and a 27.7 kHz sample rate. It also allowed
E-mu_Emulator
Drum machine
placed on removable voice cards. The data format is 8-bit PCM using μ-law companding, increasing sound resolution to approximately 12 bits in the analog domain
Oberheim_DMX
ITU-T recommendation
50 parts per million (ppm). It uses one of two different logarithmic companding algorithms: μ-law, which is used primarily in North America and Japan
G.711
Wireless guitar system
to approximately 70 dB. The Schaffer-Vega Diversity System also used companding. By compressing signal amplitude 2:1 in the transmitter and then expanding
Schaffer–Vega diversity system
Schaffer–Vega_diversity_system
Radio transmission of audio by frequency modulation
a modified 25 μs pre-emphasis time constant and a frequency selective companding arrangement to reduce noise. The pre-emphasis change compensates for the
FM_broadcasting
Lossy audio compression applied to human speech
per sample but giving effectively 12 bits of resolution. Logarithmic companding is consistent with human hearing perception in that a low-amplitude noise
Speech_coding
Numbers obtained by adding the two previous ones
IFF 8SVX audio file format used on Amiga computers. The number series compands the original audio wave similar to logarithmic methods such as μ-law. Some
Fibonacci_sequence
American audio products corporation
feature their patented "audio reference companding", a level-dependent companding protocol that does not compand low-level audio where the wireless artifacts
Shure
Device or software for encoding or decoding a digital data stream
to software for converting between digital signal formats, including companding functions. An audio codec converts analog audio signals into digital signals
Codec
Multimedia framework
expander (crystalizer) Side-chain Compressor (sidechaincompress) Compander (compand) Noise gate (agate) Side-chain Noise gate(sidechaingate) Distortion Bitcrusher
FFmpeg
Deep neural network for generating raw audio
categorical) distribution of a signal value that is encoded using μ-law companding transformation and quantized to 256 possible values. According to the
WaveNet
American audio equipment manufacturer
name. dbx is best known for the dbx noise reduction system, a decibel companding system used for noise reduction in professional analog tape recording
Dbx_(company)
Audio recording using magnetic tape spooled on open reels
The Dolby systems use frequency-dependent compression and expansion (companding) during the recording and playback, respectively. Initially, Dolby was
Reel-to-reel audio tape recording
Reel-to-reel_audio_tape_recording
Technique used in signal processing and data compression
Estimation Vector Psychoacoustic Audio Concepts Bit rate ABR CBR VBR Companding Convolution Dynamic range Latency Nyquist–Shannon theorem Sampling Silence
Discrete_cosine_transform
Information transmission rate expressed in bits per second
than listed above. For example, telephone circuits using μ-law or A-law companding (pulse code modulation) yield 64 kbit/s. Audio bit depth Average bitrate
Bit_rate
Audio technology company
a consumer version of his noise reduction. Dolby continued to work on companding systems and introduced Type B in 1968. Dolby also sought to improve film
Dolby
Electronic circuit to automatically adjust signal strength
musical quality if the signal is not re-expanded when playing, as in a companding system. Some reel-to-reel tape recorders and cassette decks have AGC circuits
Automatic_gain_control
Format used to deliver movies to cinemas
000 samples per second Sample precision of 24 bits Linear mapping (no companding) Up to 16 independent channels List of all files included in the DCP,
Digital_Cinema_Package
Computer technology
Estimation Vector Psychoacoustic Audio Concepts Bit rate ABR CBR VBR Companding Convolution Dynamic range Latency Nyquist–Shannon theorem Sampling Silence
Silence_compression
Microphone without a physical cable
improve the sound quality (actually, to improve the dynamic range), is companding. Nady Systems, Inc. was the first to offer this technology in wireless
Wireless_microphone
1980s analog high-definition television standard
PAL NICAM stereo system, it used near-instantaneous companding (as opposed to Syllabic-companding like the dbx system uses) and non-linear 13-bit digital
Multiple Sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding
Multiple_Sub-Nyquist_Sampling_Encoding
Device or program that encodes/decodes audio data in some bitstream format
Estimation Vector Psychoacoustic Audio Concepts Bit rate ABR CBR VBR Companding Convolution Dynamic range Latency Nyquist–Shannon theorem Sampling Silence
Audio_codec
Process of mapping a continuous set to a countable set
quantization distortion can be very large. To circumvent this issue, analog companding can be used, but this can introduce distortion. Often, the design of a
Quantization (signal processing)
Quantization_(signal_processing)
Tape machine for playing and recording audio compact cassettes
Model 200, the first high-fidelity cassette deck. Dolby B uses volume companding of high frequencies to boost low-level treble information by up to 9 dB
Cassette_deck
Discontinued Analog video cassette recording format
creating momentary "buzzing" and other audio flaws. Both systems also used companding noise-reduction systems, which could create "pumping" artifacts under
Betamax
Topics referred to by the same term
reverse Part of the process of signal compression Part of the process of companding A component used to connect SCSI computer data storage, devices together
Expander
for normal maps Audio and Speech compression A-law algorithm: standard companding algorithm Code-excited linear prediction (CELP): low bit-rate speech compression
List_of_algorithms
File format for block-based Gzip compression
Estimation Vector Psychoacoustic Audio Concepts Bit rate ABR CBR VBR Companding Convolution Dynamic range Latency Nyquist–Shannon theorem Sampling Silence
BGZF
Carrier system for digital transmission of multiplexed telephone calls
until the failure rate was unacceptable, then reduced to leave a margin. Companding allowed acceptable audio performance with only seven bits per PCM sample
T-carrier
Digital communications algorithm
converter system, and can be viewed as a simple form of instantaneous companding. The best-known encoding laws are the μ-law and A-law encoding laws defined
Encoding_law
Ratio between the largest and smallest values that a certain quantity can assume
dynamic range on magnetic tape by 10 dB, and high-frequency by 15 dB, using companding (compression and expansion) of four frequency bands. The peak of professional
Dynamic_range
Simple audio file format
8-bit form). Formats 1 and 27 are μ-law and A-law, respectively, both companding logarithmic representations of PCM, and arguably lossy, as they pack what
Au_file_format
Electronic musical instrument
at 12-bits for up to 20 seconds. Actually it is 8 bits with 4 bits of companding according to one of the designers Michael Doidic. The sample rate and
Dynacord_Add-One
Audio signal processing operation
for transmission or recording, expanding it afterward, a process called companding. This reduces the effects of a channel or recording medium with limited
Dynamic_range_compression
rate Bit rate Bits per sample Latency CBR VBR Stereo Multichannel G.711 companding A-law or μ-law, PCM 8 kHz 64 kbit/s 8 bit (log) 125 μs (typical) Yes No
Comparison of audio coding formats
Comparison_of_audio_coding_formats
Garden enclosed in high walls
walled garden meant that kitchen gardens often form or formed a walled compand within a larger walled compound. Sometimes this was for the security of
Walled_garden
translinear circuit design. In 1990 Seevinck invented a circuit he called a companding current-mode integrator that was effectively a first-order log-domain
Translinear_circuit
Type of sideband modulation
power level compared with narrow band FM modulation.[citation needed] The companding used in ACSB is a type of dynamic range reduction wherein the difference
Amplitude-companded single-sideband modulation
Amplitude-companded_single-sideband_modulation
Functions performed by a subscriber line interface circuit in telephone service
and A-Law coding in Europe. This includes the A/D and D/A conversion, companding and framing for time-division multiplexing. Hybrid The hybrid function
BORSCHT
and Dolby noise reduction. The combination of low noise CrO2 tape with companding noise reduction brought a revolutionary improvement to compact-cassette
Compact Cassette tape types and formulations
Compact_Cassette_tape_types_and_formulations
List of computer file compression formats
ADPCM (VOX) FFmpeg (decoder only) ITU standards: G.711 (a-law and μ-law companding; 64 kbit/s), also known as PCM of voice frequencies Sun Microsystems's
List_of_codecs
Secure speech system
high amplitudes and narrower at low amplitudes. This scheme, known as "companding" or "compressing-expanding", exploits the fact that the fidelity of voice
SIGSALY
Voice coding method
Greefkes and K. Riemens, "Code Modulation with Digitally Controlled Companding for Speech Transmission," Philips Tech. Rev., pp. 335–353, 1970. N.S.
Continuously variable slope delta modulation
Continuously_variable_slope_delta_modulation
(MDCL) control methods: DCC, as discussed above, and Amplitude Modulation Companding (AMC), developed by the BBC. The AMC design achieves the opposite effect
Dynamic_carrier_control
Type of electronic circuit
voltage-controlled filters) Analog signal processing Automatic gain control Companding Frequency mixer PAM-pulse amplitude modulation Product detector Ring modulator
Analog_multiplier
the definition of the "PAL-I" system, the UK also used a digital stereo companding system on analogue terrestrial television called NICAM. Standing for Near
Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom
Analogue_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom
Noise reduction system for recorded analog audio
needed] CX decoders made for LPs could not be used with LDs because the CX companding specifications for LaserDisc were changed, from 20 dB of noise reduction
CX_(noise_reduction)
landline to use as a backup for anything except emergency calls. The companding, audio level compression, and audio data compression used in mobile telephony
Wireless_home_phone
Television audio encoding standard
performance and allowed MTS stereo transmission. Because of the use of dbx companding, every TV device that decoded MTS originally required the payment of royalties—first
Multichannel_Television_Sound
American audio equipment manufacturer
from the University of California, Berkeley and developed and patented a companding process that enabled long-range wireless microphones. He demonstrated
Nady_Systems,_Inc.
Noise reduction system
Keiler, Florian; Zölzer, Udo (2004-10-05). "Digital Emulation of Analog Companding Algorithms for FM Radio Transmission" (PDF). Proceedings of the 7th International
High_Com
Algorithms and methods of plotting the Mandelbrot set on a computing device
consider linear sRGB instead. Going from RGB to sRGB uses an inverse companding function on the channels. This makes the gamma linear, and allows us to
Plotting algorithms for the Mandelbrot set
Plotting_algorithms_for_the_Mandelbrot_set
Method of adding sound to broadcast video
operated at high audio levels, so that modulation of the noise by the companding would be masked by the relatively loud high-frequency audio components
Sound-in-syncs
Iranian woodwind musical instrument
a Pahlavi derivative of sūrnāy (literally "strong flute"), which is a compand of 'sūr-' (strong) and '-nāy' (flute). According to such folk etymology
Sorna
sound signals: further investigation of instantaneous and other rapid companding systems. BBC Research Dept. Report 1972/31. Allen, Rod; Miller, Nod (2002)
1972_in_British_television
Analog multiplexing technique used in early telephone systems
systems. The system used amplitude modulation up to 350 kHz, with optional companding. Carrier frequencies were staggered with 8, 12, and 16 kHz spacing to
Carrier_telephony
Radio noise-reduction technology
Google Patents U.S. Patent 4,485,483, FM Stereophonic system incorporating companding of difference signal, filed March 18, 1983, issued November 27, 1984.
FMX_(broadcasting)
COMPANDING
COMPANDING
COMPANDING
COMPANDING
Girl/Female
Hindu
Happy, Joyous
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Rock Meadow
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Servant of Musical Tunes
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of See.
Female
Italian
Short form of Italian/Spanish Adriana, DRINA means "from Hadria." In use by the Romani.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Old French fin ‘fine’, ‘splendid’ + amour ‘love’ (Latin amor).
Boy/Male
Muslim
Protector, One who has memorized the Quran
Girl/Female
Muslim
Wise, Ruler, Queen
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Protector
COMPANDING
COMPANDING
COMPANDING
COMPANDING
COMPANDING