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pre-defined values of colocalization. FIJI is just ImageJ - batteries included BioImage XD AxioVision Colocalization Module Colocalization Research Software
Colocalization
The Colocalization Benchmark Source (CBS) is a free collection of downloadable images for testing and validating the degree of colocalization of markers
Colocalization Benchmark Source
Colocalization_Benchmark_Source
Evolutionary process
Poulter, M.; et al. (2009). "A Novel Protective Prion Protein Variant that Colocalizes with Kuru Exposure" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (21):
Human_evolution
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
For example, indirect immunofluorescence will allow for fluorescence colocalization and demonstration of location. Fluorescent dyes are used to label cellular
Protein
Psychedelic drug
both rats and humans via in situ hybridization. Notably, INMT mRNA was colocalized with AADC transcript in rat brain tissues, in contrast to rat peripheral
Dimethyltryptamine
Central nervous system stimulant
addiction. ... Colocalization studies also support a role for CART in the actions of psychostimulants. ... CART and DA receptor transcripts colocalize (Beaudry
Amphetamine
generate co-expression networks SHREC (single-molecule high-resolution colocalization) ("Shrek") is a modified labeling technique named after a titular character
List of unusual biological names
List_of_unusual_biological_names
cells phagocytosed the corpse or its fragments (IF) Microscopy FACS colocalization studies Proposed points-of-no return to define dying cells Massive activation
Identification_of_cell_death
DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell
Colomba MS, Pirrone AM, Mandrioli M (2002). "rDNA (18S–28S and 5S) colocalization and linkage between ribosomal genes and (TTAGGG)(n) telomeric sequence
Chromosome
Widely distributed inhibitory receptor in the central nervous system
necessary for GlyR clustering at inhibitory synapses. GlyR is known to colocalize with the GABAA receptor on some hippocampal neurons. Nevertheless, some
Glycine_receptor
Neurons in the hypothalamus central to hormonal control of reproduction
negative feedback control on the HPG axis.[citation needed] KNDy peptide colocalization was first discovered in 2007 in sheep and was later confirmed to be
KNDy_neuron
Rare neurodegenerative disease caused by prions
John (19 November 2009). "A Novel Protective Prion Protein Variant that Colocalizes with Kuru Exposure" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (21):
Kuru_(disease)
Single-molecule imaging technique
efficiently locate their targets. DNA curtains are used to study the colocalization of multiple proteins on DNA. By labeling different proteins with distinct
DNA_curtain
Rod-shaped cytoplasmic protein
α-dystrobrevin, syncoilin, synemin, sarcoglycan, dystroglycan, and sarcospan, colocalize with dystrophin at the costamere. It has a molecular weight of 427 kDa
Dystrophin
Biological evolution of Homo sapiens from 50,000 years ago until present
(November 19, 2009). "A Novel Protective Prion Protein Variant that Colocalizes with Kuru Exposure" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (21):
Recent_human_evolution
Technique in fluorescence microscopy
Hell (2011). "Simultaneous multi-lifetime multi-color STED imaging for colocalization analyses". Opt. Express. 19 (4): 3130–3143. Bibcode:2011OExpr..19.3130B
STED_microscopy
Genome regions affecting protein levels
functional output that can more immediately affect cellular processes. Colocalization analyses can also be used to assess whether the genetic signals underlying
Protein quantitative trait loci
Protein_quantitative_trait_loci
Family of transport proteins
factor homologous factor 2B: association with Nav1.6 and selective colocalization at nodes of Ranvier of dorsal root axons". The Journal of Neuroscience
Voltage-gated_sodium_channel
Protein that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light
cancer cells spread to distant organs. GFP can be used to analyse the colocalization of proteins. This is achieved by "splitting" the protein into two fragments
Green_fluorescent_protein
Family of reptiles
der Marel, Dirk; Milinkovitch, Michel C. (7 October 2013). "Precise colocalization of interacting structural and pigmentary elements generates extensive
Chameleon
Study of DNA modifications that do not change its sequence
activation/inhibition epigenetic dogma. Molecular interaction data, supported by colocalization analyses, identify multiple nuclear regulatory pathways, linking sequence
Epigenetics
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
RNF216 gene. This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein which specifically colocalizes and interacts with the serine/threonine protein kinase, receptor-interacting
RNF216
Human enzyme involved in inflammation
PMID 22778499. Liou JY, Deng WG, Gilroy DW, Shyue SK, Wu KK (September 2001). "Colocalization and interaction of cyclooxygenase-2 with caveolin-1 in human fibroblasts"
Cyclooxygenase-2
Emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light
influencing fluorescence lifetimes. Cell and molecular biology: detection of colocalization using fluorescence-labelled antibodies for selective detection of the
Fluorescence
Protein-coding gene in humans
with an arginine/serine-rich domain: phosphorylation by DYRK1A and colocalization with splicing factors". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (6): 4612–24. doi:10.1074/jbc
CCNL2
Therapy, now rarely used in medicine
pain. Europe is the only continent with more instances of non-colocalized than colocalized bloodletting. In a transmission chain experiment done on people
Bloodletting
Practice of eating the flesh of a human being from the same community
Collinge, John (2009). "A Novel Protective Prion Protein Variant that Colocalizes with Kuru Exposure" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (21):
Endocannibalism
Protein found in humans
Bral2, a novel brain-specific link protein, and immunohistochemical colocalization with brevican in perineuronal nets". Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences
Brevican
(2003). "Matrix Gla protein gene expression and protein accumulation colocalize with cartilage distribution during development of the teleost fish Sparus
Matrix_Gla_protein
Agents that emit light after excitation by light
Grimes AF, English DS, Berti L, Mattoussi H (2011). "Single-molecule colocalization studies shed light on the idea of fully emitting versus dark single
Fluorophore
Spherical inclusion commonly found in damaged neurons
Ishizawa T, Mattila P, Davies P, Wang D, Dickson DW (April 2003). "Colocalization of tau and alpha-synuclein epitopes in Lewy bodies". Journal of Neuropathology
Lewy_body
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
C, Lu T, Hittelman WN, Carpenter PB, Legerski RJ (Dec 2002). "hSnm1 colocalizes and physically associates with 53BP1 before and after DNA damage". Molecular
TP53BP1
Protein-coding gene in humans
with an arginine/serine-rich domain: phosphorylation by DYRK1A and colocalization with splicing factors". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (6): 4612–24. doi:10.1074/jbc
CDC2L1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
involved in exocyst mediated transport. STING has also been shown to colocalize with autophagy proteins, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain
Stimulator of interferon genes
Stimulator_of_interferon_genes
Species of bacterium
microdissection plus qRT-PCR to detect P. gingivalis in human biopsies, colocalization of P. gingivalis with CD4+ T cells was observed. However, the infection
Porphyromonas_gingivalis
Cluster of interneurons in the medulla oblongata
S2CID 7956423. Liu YY, Ju G, Wong-Riley MT (September 2001). "Distribution and colocalization of neurotransmitters and receptors in the pre-Bötzinger complex of rats"
Pre-Bötzinger_complex
Biological system of neurotransmitters
many of the same physical and cognitive functions. Moreover, CB1 is colocalized on orexin projection neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and many output
Endocannabinoid_system
Greek-born computational biologist
"Fine mapping of type 1 diabetes susceptibility loci and evidence for colocalization of causal variants with lymphoid gene enhancers". Nature Genetics. 47
Manolis_Kellis
Scientific investigative technique
complexes of multiple biomolecules. Fluorescence can be applied to study colocalization of various proteins of interest. It then can be analyzed using a specialized
Fluorescence in the life sciences
Fluorescence_in_the_life_sciences
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
carrier membrane protein 2". Wu TT, Castle JD (1997). "Evidence for colocalization and interaction between 37 and 39 kDa isoforms of secretory carrier
SCAMP2
Extract for appetite control
Huang, Carlos; Sternini, Catia; Rozengurt, Enrique (November 2006). "Colocalization of the α-subunit of gustducin with PYY and GLP-1 in L cells of human
Amarasate
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
deduced by in silico homology analysis, interaction cloning in yeast, and colocalization in cultured cells". In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 38 (10): 582–94
MAP1S
Common ancestor evolutionary evidence
Collinge, J. (2009). "A Novel Protective Prion Protein Variant that Colocalizes with Kuru Exposure" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (21):
Evidence_of_common_descent
Cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates of proteins and RNA occurring in cells under stress
PMID 17349961. Furukawa MT, Sakamoto H, Inoue K (April 2015). "Interaction and colocalization of HERMES/RBPMS with NonO, PSF, and G3BP1 in neuronal cytoplasmic RNP
Stress_granule
Surface protein important to the immune system
FcRs and TCR on the cell surface. Chauhan and coworkers reported the colocalization of the labeled ICs with the CD3 complex on activated CD4+ T cell surface
Fc_receptor
Protein-coding gene in humans
Schwaiger FW, Obermeier A, Stamm S (Dec 1999). "The interaction and colocalization of Sam68 with the splicing-associated factor YT521-B in nuclear dots
YTHDC1
Gene
smooth muscle cells. The AVP gene and arginine vasopressin are commonly colocalized with oxytocin because synaptic transmission of oxytocin regulates the
AVP_gene
Medical diagnostic technique
proteomics have paved the way for the discovery of techniques such as colocalization analysis (COLA), which detects protein–protein co-localizations at a
Proteomic_profiling
Collinge, John (2009). "A Novel Protective Prion Protein Variant that Colocalizes with Kuru Exposure" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (21):
List of incidents of cannibalism
List_of_incidents_of_cannibalism
Protein found in humans
Counterintuitively, KCC2 has also been shown to colocalize at excitatory synapses. One suggested explanation for such colocalization is a potential protective role of
Chloride potassium symporter 5
Chloride_potassium_symporter_5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
extracellular matrix biglycan: modulation of its activity on LDL by colocalization in glycosaminoglycan matrixes". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 18
PLA2G1B
Protein-coding gene in humans
PMC 85349. PMID 10669743. Wu G, Lee WH, Chen PL (2000). "NBS1 and TRF1 colocalize at promyelocytic leukemia bodies during late S/G2 phases in immortalized
Telomeric repeat-binding factor 1
Telomeric_repeat-binding_factor_1
Mammalian protein found in humans
Karmakar P, Dawut L, Opresko P, Zeng X, Brosh RM, et al. (June 2002). "Colocalization, physical, and functional interaction between Werner and Bloom syndrome
Bloom_syndrome_protein
Transmembrane protein allowing sodium ions in and out
factor homologous factor 2B: association with Nav1.6 and selective colocalization at nodes of Ranvier of dorsal root axons". The Journal of Neuroscience
Sodium_channel
Protein of the immune system
called peptide editing, thus facilitating enhanced peptide loading and colocalization. Once the peptide is loaded onto the MHC class I molecule, the complex
MHC_class_I
microscopes Hyperspectral analysis MountainsLab All of the previous Correlative microscopy (colocalization of images from heterogeneous microscope types)
MountainsMap
Human mitochondrial protein
primase/helicase (GP4) and other hexameric ring helicases. The twinkle protein colocalizes with mtDNA in mitochondrial nucleoids, and its name derives from the
Twinkle_(protein)
Protein encoded by the ftsZ gene
478. PMID 8600030. Ma X, Ehrhardt DW, Margolin W (November 1996). "Colocalization of cell division proteins FtsZ and FtsA to cytoskeletal structures in
FtsZ
Human protein for regulating body temperature
shows "either direct or indirect activation" of TRPV1 receptors. TRPV1 colocalizes with CB1 receptors and CB2 receptors in sensory and brain neurons respectively
TRPV1
Mammalian protein found in humans
concentration of MAD2, an important protein of the spindle checkpoint. Also, VHL colocalizes with the microtubule. Thus VHL loss leads to a weakened checkpoint and
Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor
Von_Hippel–Lindau_tumor_suppressor
Disorder in which muscles fail to relax
Savkur RS, Poulos MG, Mancini MA, Swanson MS, Cooper TA (July 2005). "Colocalization of muscleblind with RNA foci is separable from mis-regulation of alternative
Myotonic_dystrophy
Dutch navigator, cartographer, and Arctic explorer (c. 1550 – 1597)
Barentsz is essential for the posterior localization of oskar mRNA and colocalizes with it to the posterior pole. (in Dutch) Website of the Stichting Expeditieschip
Willem_Barentsz
Protein found in Homo sapiens
virus-like particles use heparan sulfates to bind dendritic cells and colocalize with langerin in Langerhans cells". The Journal of General Virology. 86
Langerin
Protein involved in multiple prion diseases
et al. (November 2009). "A novel protective prion protein variant that colocalizes with kuru exposure". The New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (21): 2056–2065
Major_prion_protein
confirmed to be scintillons by their light emission, and they show colocalization of anti-luciferase and anti-LBP labeling meaning both bioluminescence
Scintillon
Protein-coding gene in humans
interaction between the m-band protein skelemin and beta-integrin subunits. Colocalization of a skelemin-like protein with beta1- and beta3-integrins in non-muscle
MYOM1
RNA component of the ribosome, essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms
Sanchez-Vazquez P, Sliwicki A, Sliwicki K, Vegel A, et al. (October 2016). "Colocalization of distant chromosomal loci in space in E. coli: a bacterial nucleolus"
Ribosomal_RNA
Medical condition
Otto further found that nephrocystin, inversin (INVS) and nephroretinin colocalize in the primary cilia of cultured renal epithelia cells. One interesting
Conorenal_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
characteristics for inactivating TG2 [citation needed]. We found that ERp57 colocalizes with extracellular TG2 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Tissue_transglutaminase
Protein-coding gene in the species Drosophila melanogaster
"Maelstrom, a Drosophila spindle-class gene, encodes a protein that colocalizes with Vasa and RDE1/AGO1 homolog, Aubergine, in nuage". Development. 130
Maelstrom_gene
Sanchez-Vazquez P, Sliwicki A, Sliwicki K, Vegel A, Pannu R, Gourse RL (2016). "Colocalization of distant chromosomal loci in space in E. coli: a bacterial nucleolus"
Nucleolus_organizer_region
Component of striated muscle cells
V (1983). "Gamma actin, spectrin, and intermediate filament proteins colocalize with vinculin at costameres, myofibril-to-sarcolemma attachment sites"
Costamere
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMC 2655259. PMID 19158374. Wu TT, Castle JD (July 1997). "Evidence for colocalization and interaction between 37 and 39 kDa isoforms of secretory carrier
SCAMP3
European biological database
issue of the Journal of Structural Biology. Cryo-Electron Microscopy Colocalization Benchmark Source wwPDB, consortium (November 2024). "EMDB—the Electron
EM_Data_Bank
Active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules out of the cell
both plasma membrane, and Golgi apparatus and the exocyst proteins are colocalized at the fusion point of the post-Golgi vesicles. The membrane fusion of
Exocytosis
One of two nuclei of the oculomotor nerve
maint: multiple names: authors list (link). Kozicz, T. (2003). "Neurons colocalizing urocortin and cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript immunoreactivities
Edinger–Westphal_nucleus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Yoda K, Masumoto H, et al. (November 2000). "Human CENP-H multimers colocalize with CENP-A and CENP-C at active centromere--kinetochore complexes". Human
KIF2C
Species of protozoan parasite
L-1 (apoL-1) and apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1). These three proteins are colocalized within spherical particles containing phospholipids and cholesterol.
Trypanosoma_brucei
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
localizes in the Golgi apparatus and at the plasma membrane, where it colocalizes with protein tyrosine kinase 2-beta (PTK2B). The encoded protein forms
ASAP2
Brain region
and ghrelin, among others. Notably, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is colocalized on orexinergic projection neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and many
Lateral_hypothalamus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Arndt-Jovin DJ, Lührmann R, Achsel T (Dec 2002). "The human LSm1-7 proteins colocalize with the mRNA-degrading enzymes Dcp1/2 and Xrnl in distinct cytoplasmic
LSM2
Term in molecular biology
genome architecture mapping (GAM) is a cryosectioning method to map colocalized DNA regions in a ligation independent manner. It overcomes some limitations
Genome_architecture_mapping
Area of the temporal cortex
Matthew P.; Boas, David; Fischl, Bruce; Rockland, Kathleen S. (2019). "Colocalization of neurons in optical coherence microscopy and Nissl-stained histology
Brodmann_area_21
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Meerzaman D, Guo MZ, Engles J, et al. (May 2002). "Interaction and colocalization of PGP9.5 with JAB1 and p27(Kip1)". Oncogene. 21 (19): 3003–10. doi:10
COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 5
COP9_constitutive_photomorphogenic_homolog_subunit_5
Antibody fragment receptor in humoral immunity
FcγRIIB to co-localize with the BCR, colocalize with activating FcγRs (in non-B cells), prevent its colocalization with the activating receptor CD19. FCGR2B
FCGR2B
Type of ion channel transmembrane protein
when neurons are depolarized, for example, by intense activation of colocalized postsynaptic AMPA receptors, the voltage-dependent block by Mg2+ is partially
Ligand-gated_ion_channel
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Terris J, Kishore BK, Knepper MA (Nov 1998). "SNAP-23 in rat kidney: colocalization with aquaporin-2 in collecting duct vesicles". The American Journal
STX4
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
membrane of axon terminals. Double immunocytochemistry demonstrated DAT colocalization with two other markers of nigrostriatal terminals, tyrosine hydroxylase
Dopamine_transporter
Informal grouping of viruses
parvovirus rep homolog (absent in HHV-7) U95 CMV US22 gene family – colocalizes and interacts with the mitochondrial GRIM-19 protein, an essential component
Human_herpesvirus_6
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Warren ST, Ropers HH, Fahrenholz F, Monnens LA, van Oost BA (Aug 1992). "Colocalization of the gene for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DIR) and the vasopressin
Vasopressin_receptor_2
Decreased movement due to basal ganglia dysfunction
Barroso-Chinea, P; Acevedo, A; Salido, E; Rodríguez, M (January 2001). "Colocalization of tyrosine hydroxylase and GAD65 mRNA in mesostriatal neurons". The
Hypokinesia
reader for the epigenetic mark H3K27me3. Ectopically expressed BAHD1 colocalizes with the heterochromatic inactive X chromosome (Xi). Ablation of the
Bromo adjacent homology domain containing 1
Bromo_adjacent_homology_domain_containing_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
localization of the PTPN22 at the leading edge of a migrating T cell, where it colocalizes with its substrates LCK and ZAP70. A downregulation of the PTPN22 increases
PTPN22
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and assembly of developing sarcomeres, evidenced in part by its early colocalization with alpha-actinin. Gamma-actin is eventually replaced by sarcomeric
Actin,_cytoplasmic_2
Branch of physics
microdisk by dipole interaction. (b) An optomechanical crystal with colocalized mechanical and optical modes. (c) A mechanically compliant aluminum capacitor
Cavity_optomechanics
Protein found in humans
chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) in rat brain: evidence for its colocalization with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides". The Journal of Comparative
CCL2
Mass spectrometry technique that can visualize the spatial distribution of molecules
delivery method. Ion colocalization has been studied as a way to infer local interactions between biomolecules. Similarly to colocalization in microscopy imaging
Mass_spectrometry_imaging
Transcription factor activated by vitamin D
gene (SP1) and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor gene (VDR) are colocalized on human chromosome arm 12q and rat chromosome 7". Genomics. 11 (1):
Vitamin_D_receptor
Protein found in humans
Medicine. Mariyama M, Zheng K, Yang-Feng TL, Reeders ST (Aug 1992). "Colocalization of the genes for the alpha 3(IV) and alpha 4(IV) chains of type IV collagen
Collagen,_type_IV,_alpha_4
Protein-coding gene in humans
ARHGAP4/C1, a RhoGAP family member expressed in the nervous system that colocalizes with the Golgi complex and microtubules". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res.
ARHGAP4
COLOCALIZATION
COLOCALIZATION
COLOCALIZATION
COLOCALIZATION
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Moral; Virtuous
Girl/Female
Bengali, Celebrity, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Sanskrit, Telugu, Traditional
Victory of Goddess Durga; Conqueror; Victorious
Male
Italian
Italian name BUONFIGLIO means "good son."
Boy/Male
Indian
The originator
Boy/Male
Tamil
Kabalikruta | கபலீகரதா
One who swallowed the Sun
Girl/Female
Tamil
Nischita | நீஸà¯à®šà¯€à®¤à®¾
Certainty, Confidence
Boy/Male
Indian
The repeatedly forgiving
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Happiness; Joy; Gives Other Happiness or Loves Everyone
Boy/Male
Native American
Cedar bark.
Boy/Male
British, English
Amazing at Everything
COLOCALIZATION
COLOCALIZATION
COLOCALIZATION
COLOCALIZATION
COLOCALIZATION