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A collective work under the copyright law of France is a collective work that contains the works of several authors created, assembled, harmonized and
Collective_work_(France)
Compilation of multiple independent works
A collective work is a work that contains the works of several authors assembled and published under the direction of one natural or legal person who
Collective_work
Country primarily in Western Europe
presidential term limits. France is divided into 18 regions (located in Europe and overseas), five overseas collectivities (French Polynesia, Saint Pierre
France
Cycling race
at the 2026 Tour de France?". Escape Collective. Retrieved 2 July 2026. Strickson, Will (2 July 2026). "Cyclist's Tour de France 2026 predictions". Cyclist
2026_Tour_de_France
French term for devolved legal power
A territorial collectivity (French: collectivité territoriale, previously collectivité locale), or territorial authority, in many francophone countries
Territorial_collectivity
French sociologist
Halbwachs (French: [mɔʁis albvaks]; 11 March 1877 – 16 March 1945) was a French philosopher and sociologist known for developing the concept of collective memory
Maurice_Halbwachs
Anarchist collective
either "CrimethInc. Ex-Workers Collective" or "CrimethInc Ex-Workers Ex-Collective", is a decentralized anarchist collective of autonomous cells. CrimethInc
CrimethInc.
Intersection of work and personal life
right-to-disconnect principles beyond collective bargaining alone. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated remote and hybrid work. ILO and OECD assessments reported
Work–life_balance
French human rights organisation
The Collective Against Islamophobia in France (French: Collectif contre l'islamophobie en France; abbreviated CCIF) was a French non-profit organisation
Collective Against Islamophobia in France
Collective_Against_Islamophobia_in_France
Comparative statistics for trade unions
lower than the rate of collective bargaining coverage (for example, France reported a union density of 9% in 2014, while collective bargaining covered 98
International comparisons of trade unions
International_comparisons_of_trade_unions
1892 book by Peter Kropotkin
common ownership of all intellectual and useful property due to the collective work that went into creating it. Kropotkin does not argue that the product
The_Conquest_of_Bread
founded as a collective together with Matthew Pandolfino, Mario Sammut, Ira Melkonyan, and Sean Decelis. The group’s first public work, Grace u Rofflu
The_Rubberbodies_Collective
law does not dictate that work should stop; however a leave from work may be granted by the employer or by convention collective, an agreement between employers'
Public_holidays_in_France
Cycling race
for Mont Ventoux". Escape Collective. Retrieved 24 October 2025. Whitehead, Jacob (23 October 2025). "2026 Tour de France route analysis – Mont Ventoux
2026_Tour_de_France_Femmes
French overseas collectivity in the Pacific
[pɔlinezi fʁɑ̃sɛːz] ; Tahitian: Pōrīnetia farāni) is an overseas collectivity of France and its sole overseas country; it is classified as a non-self-governing
French_Polynesia
Copyright licensing
jurisdictions. Collective rights management is almost as old as copyright law itself. Collective rights management through a CMO first occurred in France in 1777
Collective_rights_management
Australian activist group
immediate aftermath, Itch.io temporarily deindexed all not-safe-for-work adult games. Collective Shout had initially petitioned Steam directly, but only achieved
Collective_Shout
U.S. laws prohibiting mandated union membership and dues
to states without right-to-work laws as forced unionism states. These proponents argue that by being forced into a collective bargain, what the majoritarian
Right-to-work_law
French writer (born 1940)
which she uncovers the roots, estrangements, and collective restraints of personal memory". Her literary work, mostly autobiographical, maintains close links
Annie_Ernaux
Experimental sound art collective
source the materials that form the core of their work. Since their foundation, Soundwalk Collective have collaborated with numerous musicians including
Soundwalk_Collective
Shared knowledge and values of a social group
the group's identity. The English phrase "collective memory" and the equivalent French phrase mémoire collective appeared in the second half of the nineteenth
Collective_memory
French general and emperor (1769–1821)
role in collective political defiance of the Bourbon restoration monarchy in 1815–1830. People from different walks of life and areas of France, particularly
Napoleon
Terms of psychiatry
In psychology, the collective unconsciousness (German: kollektives Unbewusstes) is a term coined by Carl Jung, referring to the belief that the unconscious
Collective_unconscious
Island and administrative region of France
2026[update], it had a population of 365,636. The island is a territorial collectivity of France, and is expected to achieve "a form of autonomy" in the near future
Corsica
Behavior in which a person refuses regular employment
themselves became a collective capitalist, taking on responsibility for the exploitation of their own labor. Thus, far from breaking with 'work', ... the workers
Refusal_of_work
Group intelligence that emerges from collective efforts
Collective intelligence (CI) or group intelligence (GI) is the emergent ability of groups, whether composed of humans alone, animals, or networks of humans
Collective_intelligence
Paid time off from work
Annual leave, also known as statutory leave, is a period of paid time off work granted by employers to employees to be used for whatever the employee wishes
Annual_leave
Legal term
Collective punishment is a punishment or sanction imposed on a group or whole community for acts allegedly perpetrated by a member or some members of that
Collective_punishment
Work stoppage by employees
simply strike, is a form of direct action in which employees collectively refuse to work. It is usually a response to employee grievances. Generally,
Strike_action
Industrial action in which employees do no more than the minimum required
rules. Their collective over-compliance caused severe congestion, effectively paralyzing the city to pressure authorities. In 1984, French and Italian
Work-to-rule
2014 essay by Éric Zemmour
specifically attacked the work of historian Robert Paxton, whose scholarship, he claims, instilled a sense of collective guilt among the French people. This theory
The_French_Suicide
Political party in France
The French Section of the Workers' International (French: Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO) was a major social democratic political
French Section of the Workers' International
French_Section_of_the_Workers'_International
French TV channel launched on September 10, 1959
competitors vying for advertisers, they retained a collective monopoly over television broadcasting in France that was not repealed until 1981. Privately owned
France_2
Occult concept
merely the collective mind of a religious community, either esoteric or exoteric. In the latter sense, as a collective mind, the term collective entity,
Egregore
Romance language
to many distinct French dialects, collectively known as Louisiana French. New England French, essentially a variant of Canadian French, is spoken in parts
French_language
French public service international news television network
France Internationale, TV5, and to a certain extent Réseau France Outre-Mer) and noted the collective offering was "fragmented, disorganised and ineffective
France_24
French electronic music composer
music both as a solo artist and as a duo with french pianist Sofiane Pamart and as a member of the collective Hungry Music with Worakls and Joachim Pastor
NTO_(musician)
Type of agricultural organization
Collective farming and communal farming are various types of agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise
Collective_farming
French political party
La France Insoumise (French: [la fʁɑ̃s ɛ̃sumiz], lit. 'France Unbowed'; LFI or FI) is a left-wing to far-left political party in France. It was launched
La_France_Insoumise
2018 book by David Graeber
and creates a "profound psychological violence", and "a scar across our collective soul". Graeber describes the uncertainty and confusion of this situation
Bullshit_Jobs
Pseudonym of a group of mathematicians
Nicolas Bourbaki (French: [nikola buʁbaki]) is the collective pseudonym of a group of mathematicians, predominantly French alumni of the École normale
Nicolas_Bourbaki
Overseas department of France
framework of a single territorial collectivity, the French Guiana Territorial Collectivity. This assembly, the French Guiana Assembly, replaced the former
French_Guiana
French territories in the Caribbean
overseas collectivities since 2007. These Caribbean Départments et Collectivités d’Outre Mer are also known as the French West Indies. The French Caribbean
French_West_Indies
Overview of the labour law of France
organise a union, to bargain collectively, a legal right to strike, and was followed by enactments which limited the work week to 40 hours, excluding overtime
French_labour_law
Anti-war political movement in France
hampered by the invasion of France during the Second World War. France as a country is also a member of organisations that work towards such goals as the
Pacifism_in_France
Mode of remuneration introduced by Bernard Friot
proposed by Bernard Friot and the French popular education non-profit Réseau Salariat. At its core is the distinction between work and employment. Publicly funded
Qualification-based wage for life
Qualification-based_wage_for_life
The Government of France (French: Gouvernement français, pronounced [ɡuvɛʁnəmɑ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛ]), officially the Government of the French Republic (Gouvernement
Government_of_France
Group of artists working together towards shared aims
An artist collective or art group or artist group is an initiative that is the result of a group of artists working together, usually under their own management
Artist_collective
Cycling race
Vas wins". Escape Collective. Retrieved 18 August 2024. "Stage 6 – Remiremont > Morteau – Tour de France Femmes 2024". Tour de France Femmes. ASO. Retrieved
2024_Tour_de_France_Femmes
Distribution of power within an organisational structure
In communist and socialist theory, collective leadership is a shared distribution of power within an organizational structure. A single officer, such as
Collective_leadership
Black feminist lesbian organization
The Combahee River Collective (CRC) (/kəmˈbiː/ kəm-BEE) was a Black feminist lesbian socialist organization active in Boston, Massachusetts, from 1974
Combahee_River_Collective
2023 civil unrest in France
A series of protests began in France on 19 January 2023 with a demonstration of over one million people nationwide, organised by opponents of the pension
2023 French pension reform strikes
2023_French_pension_reform_strikes
French football player and manager (born 1972)
Zinedine Yazid Zidane (French: [zinedin zidan]; born 23 June 1972), popularly known as Zizou (French: [zizu]), is a French professional football manager
Zinedine_Zidane
Overseas territories controlled by France (1534–1980)
The French colonial empire (French: Empire colonial français) consisted of the overseas colonies, protectorates, and mandate territories that came under
French_colonial_empire
British advocacy group
The Craftivist Collective is "an inclusive group of people committed to using thoughtful, beautiful crafted works to help themselves and encourage others
Craftivist_Collective
French sociologist (1858–1917)
such as "collective consciousness", are now also used by laypeople. David Émile Durkheim was born 15 April 1858 in Épinal, Lorraine, France, to Mélanie
Émile_Durkheim
assembly every two months so that those involved in the project can collectively make decisions. According to sociologist Benjamin Ferron, the bookstore
Quilombo_bookstore
Annual association football award
Ballon d'Or (French pronunciation: [balɔ̃ dɔʁ] ; lit. 'Golden Ball') is an annual association football award presented by French magazine France Football
Ballon_d'Or
International security arrangement
collective response to threats by all. Collective security was a key principle underpinning the League of Nations and the United Nations. Collective security
Collective_security
Australian actor (1979–2008)
Known for his versatility across independent and major studio films, his work consisted of 20 films in a variety of genres. His accolades included an Academy
Heath_Ledger
Government of France from 1870 to 1940
especially the mandatory 40-hour work week, down from 48 hours. All workers were given a two-week paid vacation. A collective bargaining law facilitated union
French_Third_Republic
financial regulation, Le Milieu has collectively pushed to integrate their crime profits into the legal economy. France's geographical location makes it an
Organized_crime_in_France
Multinational band
SALT, also known as The Salt Collective, is a French-American band that was formed in 2016 by songwriter Stéphane Schück (guitar), producer Ken Stringfellow
Salt_(French-American_band)
Compilation of texts applicable to labor law
2: Collective labor relations Part 3: Working time, wages, profit-sharing, participation, and employee savings Part 4: Health and safety at work Part
Labor_Code_(France)
French rebel groups that fought Nazi Germany in World War II
Gaulle's return to power in 1958, the collective memory of "Résistancialisme" tended toward a highly resistant France opposed to the collaboration of the
French_Resistance
Island in French Polynesia
source] French: [ta.iti]) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France. It is
Tahiti
Concept in Jungian psychology
with it. The shadow may be personified as archetypes which relate to the collective unconscious, such as the trickster. Carl Jung characterized the shadow
Shadow_(psychology)
French hip hop collective
hop collective of La Fouine launched in 2013, and an initiative of his record label Banlieue Sale, "BS" denoting actually the record label they work in
Team_BS
Ethnic group native to Corsica
Italian: Corsi; French: Corses) are a Romance ethnic group native to the Mediterranean island of Corsica, a territorial collectivity of France. The island
Corsicans
Activist group in Sweden
The collective authored the book White Skin, Black Fuel: On the Danger of Fossil Fascism, which was published by Verso Press. In 2020, the French-language
Zetkin_Collective
French multi oriented dancer and choreographer (born 1977)
Benjamin Millepied (French pronunciation: [bɛ̃ʒamɛ᷉ milpje]; born 10 June 1977) is a French dancer and choreographer who has lived and worked in the United
Benjamin_Millepied
Area colonized by France in North America
of French rule being the tiny islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, an overseas collectivity of France, although Quebec remains predominantly French-speaking
New_France
The economy of Saint Martin, divided between the French Collectivity of Saint Martin (north side) and the Dutch Sint Maarten (south side), is predominately
Economy of Saint Martin (island)
Economy_of_Saint_Martin_(island)
Policies on permits required to enter any part of Overseas France
Although the European portion of France is part of the Schengen Area, its overseas departments, collectivities and other territories apply their own visa
Visa policies of Overseas France
Visa_policies_of_Overseas_France
Non-profit art museum in Vietnam
Nha San Collective is the first and longest-running, non-profit, artist-run space for experimental art that was realized in the political scene in Vietnam
Nha_San_Collective
Specific Approach to Social Work
official), persuasion skills, collective action, and partnering with non social workers who have a similar goal. Macro social work employs diverse methods across
Macro_social_work
French artist collective
Panic Movement (French: Mouvement panique) was an art collective formed by Fernando Arrabal, Alejandro Jodorowsky, and Roland Topor in Paris in 1962. Inspired
Panic_Movement
French colony and later territory in Northern Africa from 1830 to 1962
claim that it was collectively owned. The cudah and other tribal officials, appointed by the French on the basis of their loyalty to France rather than the
French_Algeria
Artist collective
NEOZOON) is an anonymous, all-female vegan artist collective. Formed in 2009, the collective's work addresses human-animal relationships. Neozoon's works
Neozoon_(artist_collective)
Japanese art collective
Japanese art collective founded in 1967 and based in Kansai. In 2016, the National Museum of Art, Osaka dedicated a retrospective to their work. Royer, Élodie;
The_Play_(art_collective)
French National Gendarmerie unit
Retrieved 24 July 2026. Collective (2012). Le GIGN par le GIGN (in French). éditions LBM. ISBN 978-2-9153-4794-4. Collective (2006). Encyclopédie de la
GIGN
Local/firm-level equivalent of a trade union
constituted of the chairman and the HR director, mostly for collective issues, such as work organisation, training policy, benefits. Its consultation is
Works_council
1998 single by Massive Attack
covered by English singer Gary Barlow's assembled supergroup named "the Collective" and released as the official single for Children in Need 2011. Produced
Teardrop_(song)
1887–1954 French territories in Southeast Asia
remarkably successful work of the missionaries continued. In 1787, Pierre Pigneau de Behaine, a French Catholic priest, petitioned the French government and
French_Indochina
1995 single by Collective Soul
"December" is a song by American alternative rock band Collective Soul, released on the band's 1995 eponymous album. It was serviced to album rock radio
December (Collective Soul song)
December_(Collective_Soul_song)
French territorial subdivision for municipalities
metropolitan France. Three digits (department or collectivity) and two digits (commune) for the Overseas departments, Overseas collectivities and Overseas
Communes_of_France
Collective pseudonym of authors Henri Beauclair and Gabriel Vicaire
Adoré Floupette is the collective pseudonym of French authors Henri Beauclair and Gabriel Vicaire used for their 1885 literary spoof titled Les Déliquescences
Adoré_Floupette
Global conflict from 1914 to 1918
Verdun, refused orders to go into battle, initiating the French Army mutinies; within days, "collective indiscipline" had spread to 54 divisions, while over
World_War_I
Laws that govern the relationship between workers, employers, unions and governments
between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer
Labour_law
in France's fertility rate in the same year. The Fifth Plan aimed to balance rapid industrial growth with social progress through expanded collective infrastructure
Economic_planning_in_France
French Army corps of foreign nationals
Cavalerie, France French Overseas Territories and Overseas Collectives, France 3e Régiment Étranger d'Infanterie (3ème REI), based in French Guiana Pionniers
French_Foreign_Legion
Period of time that an individual spends at paid occupational labor
(and do) work more than 35 hours a week, yet in this case firms must pay them overtime bonuses. If the bonus is determined through collective negotiations
Working_time
Lacking in predictability, job security, material or psychological welfare
multiple user name or myth such as Luther Blissett and quote the Wu Ming collective in giving theoretical coherence. However, it is mostly seen as a détournement
Precarity
Academic discipline and profession
communities, and society as a whole to enhance their individual and collective well-being. Social work practice draws from liberal arts, social science, and interdisciplinary
Social_work
in France, and by extension, the French Empire, covers a wide range of disparate topics. During the Middle Ages, chattel slavery was legal in France itself
Slavery_in_France
King of France from 1226 to 1270
the kingdom. These reforms collectively established a more rational and equitable legal framework that would influence French jurisprudence for centuries
Louis_IX_of_France
Type of governing body
Collegial body (or collegiate body, collegial executive, collective executive) is a governmental or organizational entity in which power and authority
Collegial_body
Region of France
is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in the Grand Est administrative region of northeastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine,
Alsace
City in Grand Est, France
centuries, especially during the Art Nouveau period. The École de Nancy, a collective of artists and architects led by figures such as Émile Gallé and Victor
Nancy,_France
Political party in France
The French Communist Party (French: Parti communiste français, pronounced [paʁti kɔmynist fʁɑ̃sɛ], PCF) is a communist party in France. The PCF is a member
French_Communist_Party
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