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Fungus disease of chestnut trees
survive a blight infection. The American chestnut (Castanea dentata) and American chinquapin (Castanea pumila) are highly susceptible to chestnut blight. The
Chestnut_blight
Species of chestnut tree
blight, a fungal disease that came from Japanese chestnut trees that were introduced into North America from Japan. It is estimated that the blight killed
American_chestnut
Specific symptom affecting plants in response to infection by a pathogenic organism
blight is named after the water mold Phytophthora parasitica. Chestnut blight Brown felt blight Potato late blight Fire blight on apple When blights have
Blight
Genus of plants
however, the American chestnuts were nearly wiped out by chestnut blight. The discovery of the blight fungus on some Asian chestnut trees planted on Long
Chestnut
Group promoting chestnut restoration in Eastern U.S. forests
The American Chestnut Foundation (TACF) is a nonprofit American organization dedicated to breeding a blight-resistant American chestnut (Castanea dentata)
The American Chestnut Foundation
The_American_Chestnut_Foundation
Family of viruses
causes chestnut blight (i.e. hypovirulence). Cryphonectria parasitica, the ascomycete fungus, originated in Asia and causes the disease chestnut blight in
Hypovirus
Species of tree
Macrodactylus subspinosus. The two major fungal pathogens of the sweet chestnut are the chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) and the ink disease caused by Phytophthora
Sweet_chestnut
Ability of plants to withstand pathogens
fungi Puccinia graminis and P. striiformis. Other epidemics include chestnut blight, as well as recurrent severe plant diseases such as rice blast, soybean
Plant_disease_resistance
Engineered American Chestnut tree
Chestnut Foundation (TACF) to restore the American chestnut to the forests of North America. These Darling-58 trees are attacked by chestnut blight,
Darling_58
Species of tree
turkey, and bobwhite quail. Castanea ozarkensis is susceptible to chestnut blight and has been devastated by the disease, and largely now grows only
Castanea_ozarkensis
Species of tree
Japanese chestnut is also comparatively resistant to blight, with European chestnut somewhat less so. In the 1890s, Chinese and Japanese chestnuts were imported
Castanea_mollissima
Temperate rainforest in the Appalachian Mountains
and the introduction of destructive invasive species, examples being chestnut blight and the balsam woolly adelgid. Conservation efforts, such as the establishment
Appalachian temperate rainforest
Appalachian_temperate_rainforest
Extinct species of moth
and Vermont. It became extinct due to chestnut blight obliterating its primary food source, the American chestnut. World Conservation Monitoring Centre
Chestnut_ermine_moth
Extinct species of moth
By 1996 it had become extinct due to chestnut blight obliterating its primary food source, the American chestnut. World Conservation Monitoring Centre
Chestnut_clearwing_moth
Species of tree
Allegheny chinquapin is relatively resistant to chestnut blight compared to the closely-related American chestnut. It is a spreading shrub or small tree, reaching
Castanea_pumila
Use of viruses for pest control
parasitica or Chestnut blight, is a fungus indigenous to China, Japan, and Korea but spread to the United States from importation of Japanese Chestnut trees from
Viral_biological_control
Species of flowering plant
widely cultivated in eastern China and Taiwan. It is resistant to chestnut blight and to ink disease, and for these reasons is of importance in North
Castanea_crenata
Maraval and Marsol. This cultivar is not very susceptible to chestnut blight and chestnut gall wasp. However, as an early budding variety it is sensitive
Bouche_de_Betizac_(chestnut)
Introduced species that harms its new environment
fir and hemlock forests and damages the Christmas tree industry. Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) and Dutch elm disease (Ascomycota) are plant
Invasive_species
Species of beetle
oviposit on the genus Castanea (chestnut and chinquapin). Before the arrival of the chestnut blight, small chestnut weevils and the greater Curculio
Curculio_sayi
Stuffing for roast bird
United States. Most of the trees were destroyed by the chestnut blight during the 20th century. Chestnut stuffing has been associated with Thanksgiving dinner
Chestnut_stuffing
American forest pathologist
and white pine blister rust. She also studied Chestnut blight, the fungus that devastated American chestnut trees in the early 20th century. Along with
Annie_Gravatt
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Carpenterella Cryphonectria parasitica – causes chestnut blight Cucumispora dikerogammari Geosmithia morbida which, in partnership
List_of_invasive_fungi
Family of flowering plants
decrease. Chestnut species in North America and Europe have experienced population declines due to the introduced disease Chestnut Blight. Chestnut Blight kills
Fagaceae
US nonprofit dedicated to restoring the American chestnut
development of blight-resistant chestnuts and economical biological control measures against chestnut blight in forests. ACCF supports American chestnut research
American Chestnut Cooperators' Foundation
American_Chestnut_Cooperators'_Foundation
Parasite of another parasite
some extent in medicine. Damage caused by chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in American chestnut trees can be controlled with CHV1 virus, and
Hyperparasite
Chestnut cultivar
grown in Zones 4-8, blooms early, and is pollen sterile. Colossal is chestnut blight, root rot and kernel rot susceptible. It is probable that ‘Colossal’
Colossal_(chestnut)
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion of the United States
the 1930s the oaks were mixed with American chestnut, but these were largely wiped out by the chestnut blight fungus by the middle of the 20th century.
Appalachian–Blue Ridge forests
Appalachian–Blue_Ridge_forests
Species of wasp
and B. Forster. (2011). Chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) infestations: new opportunities for the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica
Dryocosmus_kuriphilus
Species of north american ash
of chestnut blight and Dutch elm disease. For perspective, the number of chestnuts killed by the chestnut blight was around 3.5 billion chestnut trees
Fraxinus_americana
Species of tree
that have affected other tree species, including emerald ash borer, chestnut blight, butternut canker, wooly hemlock adelgid, dogwood anthracnose, Dutch
Juglans_nigra
National park in Virginia, United States
scenic, mountainous, and had also lost about half of its trees to the Chestnut blight (which was incurable and affected trees as they reached maturity).
Shenandoah_National_Park
Plant disease
their respective host tree populations. Chestnut trees were the dominant overstory tree species before chestnut blight and elms were an iconic landscape tree
Oak_wilt
root asphyxiation, resistant to mosaic virus, slightly susceptible to chestnut blight. Trees are of medium height with a long trunk and branches higher up
Marsol_(chestnut)
Scottish botanist, plant hunter and traveller
[citation needed] He imported Japanese chestnuts into the United States, which led to the introduction of chestnut blight to the country 24 years after his
Robert_Fortune
Type of fence made of split timber logs
split, rot-resistant wood. Traditionally American chestnut was the timber of choice until chestnut blight eliminated this tree. Currently, most split rails
Split-rail_fence
Open stand of grafted chestnut trees for fruit production
worsened due to the two main diseases of the chestnut tree: the Ink disease and the Chestnut blight. The chestnut orchards were gradually abandoned because
Chestnut_orchard
Extinct North American migratory pigeon
was itself almost driven to extinction by an imported Asian fungus (chestnut blight) around 1905. As many as thirty billion trees are thought to have died
Passenger_pigeon
southern Japan, Taiwan, and South China. Cryphonectria parasitica Fungus Chestnut blight Invasive in North America. Native to East and Southeast Asia. Cyprinus
100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species
100_of_the_World's_Worst_Invasive_Alien_Species
2014 nonfiction book by Elizabeth Kolbert
American chestnut was the dominant deciduous tree in eastern American forests. Then, a fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) started to cause chestnut blight. It
The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History
The_Sixth_Extinction:_An_Unnatural_History
Biological entity that causes disease in its host
serious plant fungi include the rice blast fungus, Dutch elm disease, chestnut blight and the black knot and brown rot diseases of cherries, plums, and peaches
Pathogen
Mountain range in eastern North America
(Castanea dentata). The American chestnut was virtually eliminated as a canopy species by the introduced fungal chestnut blight (Cryphonectaria parasitica)
Appalachian_Mountains
Simplest dicarboxylic acid. (COOH)2
cell walls and have a toxic effect on chestnut cambium cells. Cambium cells that burst provide nutrients for a blight infection advance. The conjugate base
Oxalic_acid
Website and app for sharing biodiversity observations
sighting in decades of the greater chestnut weevil, thought to have gone extinct due to the 20th-century chestnut blight that killed most of its host species
INaturalist
Species of beetle
Lamprodila festiva Forest integrated pest management Forest pathology Chestnut blight Dutch elm disease Invasive species "Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests:
Emerald_ash_borer
American mountain range along North Carolina/Tennessee state line
range's pre-park inhabitants, was killed off by the introduced Chestnut blight in the 1920s. The understories of the cove hardwood forest contain dozens
Great_Smoky_Mountains
National park in Tennessee and North Carolina, US
range's pre-park inhabitants, was killed off by the introduced Chestnut blight in the early-to-mid 20th century. The understories of the cove hardwood
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park
Cataloging of environmental disasters
Crescent Salton Sea California, U.S. 2006 Zakouma elephant slaughter Chestnut blight Indian vulture crisis due to Diclofenac Deforestation of Easter Island
List of environmental disasters
List_of_environmental_disasters
Miner bee species in the family Andrenidae
chestnut, which has become functionally extinct in its former distribution along the Appalachian Mountains due to the introduction of chestnut blight
Andrena_rehni
American botanist
responsible for the Chestnut blight disease first observed in the Bronx Zoo in 1904 and that had started killing American chestnut trees, was present on
Frank_Nicholas_Meyer
Mountainous region in eastern North America
American chestnut was also an important human food source until the chestnut blight struck in the 20th century. The early settlers also brought cattle
Appalachia
Genus of fungi
in the genus is Cryphonectria parasitica, the species which causes chestnut blight. The genus was, for a time, considered synonymous with Endothia, but
Cryphonectria
Mountain range in North Carolina, United States
associated with the white of the long chestnut blooms that were prevalent in spring in the mountains, before the Chestnut blight. The Unicoi Mountains stretch
Unicoi_Mountains
Forest in Graham County, North Carolina, U.S.
(30 m) tall. Missing is the American chestnut, once the dominant tree of the forest, a victim of the chestnut blight accidentally introduced from Asia during
Joyce_Kilmer_Memorial_Forest
American politician and newspaper publisher (1887–1966)
constructed from chestnut logs and remains one of the few examples of natural chestnut bark existing in the United States due to the chestnut blight. The Byrds
Harry_F._Byrd
Overview of plant species in Connecticut
historically dominated by various oaks and chestnuts, but hickory replaced chestnut with the spread of the chestnut blight. In the northwestern hills of the state
Flora_of_Connecticut
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytridiomycosis) Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight) Flavivirus (West Nile virus) Myxobolus cerebralis (whirling disease)
List of invasive species in North America
List_of_invasive_species_in_North_America
Species of moth
American chestnut trees fell victim to chestnut blight. The American chestnut tree was driven almost to extinction, and the American chestnut moth was
Zimmermannia_bosquella
Species of tree
It has been hypothesized that hickory will replace chestnut (Castanea dentata) killed by the blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in the Appalachian Highlands
Carya_glabra
Grass-like sedge grown for its edible corms
the Chinese water chestnut. In warmer climates, a rust is caused by Uromyces, and Cylindrosporium eleocharidis causes stem blight. If eaten uncooked
Eleocharis_dulcis
Virus that infects fungi
biocontrol agent against the fungus C. parasitica, the causative agent of chestnut blight, in Europe, but also because it is a model organism for studying hypovirulence
Mycovirus
Type of interaction between species
CHV1 virus helps to control the damage that chestnut blight, Cryphonectria parasitica, does to American chestnut trees, and in the way that bacteriophages
Parasitism
Species of oak tree
lyrata is susceptible to a high number of plant diseases such as chestnut blight, armillaria root rot, oak leaf blister, and powdery mildew. This species
Quercus_lyrata
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion of the United States
ecoregion. American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was formerly important, but its population was devastated by the chestnut blight early in the 20th century
Northeastern_coastal_forests
Notable early examples of live plant harbored pests—such as beech scale, chestnut blight, and white pine blister rust—led to the Plant Quarantine Act of 1912
Forest disturbance by invasive insects and diseases in the United States
Forest_disturbance_by_invasive_insects_and_diseases_in_the_United_States
City in Georgia, United States
Powhatan word for dwarf chestnut tree (Allegheny Chinkapin). The tree is no longer found in the area due to chestnut blight. An 1865 United States Coast
Dacula,_Georgia
mountains Least Concern Fagaceae Castanea dentata American Chestnut Before Chestnut blight, mountains and Piedmont Critically Endangered Fagaceae Castanea
List of trees of Georgia (U.S. state)
List_of_trees_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)
Processed wood reused for other applications
American chestnut on the U.S. east coast. Beginning in 1904, a chestnut blight spread across the US, killing billions of American chestnuts, so when these
Reclaimed_lumber
Variety and variability of life forms
most insidious invaders (e.g.: Dutch elm disease, emerald ash borer, chestnut blight in North America) have not caused their host species to become extinct
Biodiversity
Organism belonging to kingdom Fungi
causing Dutch elm disease, Cryphonectria parasitica responsible for chestnut blight, and Phymatotrichopsis omnivora causing Texas root rot, and plant pathogens
Fungus
National fungus is housed in US Department of Agriculture
mushrooms (1909), the potato wart disease (Synchytrium endobioticum), and chestnut blight. These and other invasive diseases led to the passage of the Plant
U.S. National Fungus Collections
U.S._National_Fungus_Collections
American mycologist (1847–1928)
suggest that a fungal pathogen had caused the Chesnut (Chestnut) blight in 1904. Following the blight, Patterson advocated for a plant quarantine to protect
Flora_Wambaugh_Patterson
Town in Virginia
family-owned orchard. The cabin was constructed from chestnut logs prior to the chestnut blight. In 1926, Byrd purchased Rosemont, an estate adjacent
Berryville,_Virginia
Historic house in Virginia, United States
winter. There was no shortage of firewood in Hoover's day because the chestnut blight had ravaged the forest; after her first visit to the Rapidan area,
Rapidan_Camp
Typically human-caused eradication of entire avian species
risk was also catalyzed by the invasive chestnut blight, which greatly reduced the number of American chestnut trees in North America. Their abundance
Bird_extinction
Species of tree
obliteration by DED, in contrast to what happened to the American chestnut with the chestnut blight. The elm's seeds are largely wind-dispersed, and the tree
Ulmus_americana
American landscape architect
nutrients. Asian chestnut trees evolved a resistance but their North American relatives were highly susceptible to chestnut blight. First discovered
Samuel_Bowne_Parsons
Isolated multi-racial community in Kentucky
issue as to who owned the chestnut orchards, and therefore who had rights to the income they produced. However, a chestnut blight in the early 1900s would
Coe_Ridge_Colony
Public park in Manhattan, New York
region once designated as an oak-chestnut forest. Due to the demise of the American chestnut due to chestnut blight, the forest composition has altered
Inwood_Hill_Park
Species of fungus
Hebard; Pauline C. Spaine & Joseph C. Kamalay, THREE AMERICAN TRAGEDIES: CHESTNUT BLIGHT, BUTTERNUT CANKER, AND DUTCH ELM DISEASE Species Profile – Butternut
Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum
Ophiognomonia_clavigignenti-juglandacearum
American botanist (1869–1929)
pathology and was one of the first to recognize the threat posed by the chestnut-blight fungus. He also did work in the areas of economic botany, plant geography
John_William_Harshberger
Unincorporated community in Tennessee, United States
The pathogenic fungus is the causal agent of chestnut blight, a devastating disease of the American chestnut tree that caused a mass extinction of this
Joppa,_Tennessee
Non-native organisms including plants, animals, insects, viruses, fungi, and pathogens
clavigignenti-juglandacearum - Butternut Canker Beech Bark Disease Beech Leaf Disease Chestnut Blight Ophiostoma ulmi (Bruisman) and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi (Brasier) - Dutch
Invasive_species_in_Canada
Neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
lined with American Chestnut and walnut trees that touched across the five lanes of roadway, but many were removed due to Chestnut blight and replaced with
West_Philadelphia
United States historic place
Waggoner and J. G. Horsfall for early blight on tomato and potato. 1975: Biological control of chestnut blight was demonstrated using hypovirulence, which
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
Connecticut_Agricultural_Experiment_Station
Species of oak tree
Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi. This species is commonly affected by chestnut blight. Beckman, E. (2017). "Quercus oglethorpensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened
Quercus_oglethorpensis
Unincorporated community in Virginia, US
was built to haul chestnut for lumber out of the heavily timbered Piney River area to local mills until World War I. The chestnut blight wiped out much of
Massies_Mill,_Virginia
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion of the United States
American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was formerly an important tree in this ecoregion, but its population was destroyed by the chestnut blight in the early
Southeastern_mixed_forests
Species of single-celled organism
isolated from chestnut (Castanea) trees in Japan. It has also been reported from Taiwan, Papua New Guinea, Australia and Korea. Chestnut blight Phytophthora
Phytophthora_katsurae
Gorge in the United States
especially in the lower gorge. Before the early-20th-century chestnut blight, the American chestnut was also common here. Shrubs The understory of the Canyon
Smoke_Hole_Canyon
rafters crafted from American Chestnut trunks that were formed prior to the devastation caused by the chestnut blight. The camp is currently working
Catoctin_Quaker_Camp
Species of rodent
causes of decline include the near total loss of American chestnuts caused by chestnut blight and the defoliation of oak trees by an invasion of spongy
Allegheny_woodrat
Gorges in New York, U.S
American chestnut plantation is also maintained as a joint venture with the American Chestnut Foundation, with the goal of developing chestnut blight-resistant
Zoar_Valley
Research institute in Hampshire, England
Scotland. Other diseases of trees to be controlled were Oak wilt and Chestnut blight. In 1973, it looked at ways to control the grey squirrel. Professor
Alice_Holt_Research_Station
American forest scientist and plant pathologist (1907–1988)
Diseases" (1963); "Death of the American chestnut" (1974), a history of the failure to control chestnut blight; "The threatoned elms" (1977) on Dutch elm
George_H._Hepting
State park in Pennsylvania, United States
chestnut logs which were selected due to both their long-term rot-resistance and the impending local extinction of the species due to chestnut blight
Cook_Forest_State_Park
Village in Louisiana, United States
"chinquapin," a small chestnut. Chinquapins (Castanea pumila) grew abundantly in the surrounding prairie until the chestnut blight wiped them out. They
Chataignier,_Louisiana
American geographer (1874–1966)
defeat chestnut blight and he developed 20 varietals of the Chinese chestnut alongside the USDA in order to create a blight resistant chestnut tree. Smith
J._Russell_Smith
and improving roads. They also removed American chestnuts that had been killed by the chestnut blight. These logs were then used in 1939 by the National
Robinson_Forest
in the development of plant inspection procedures. He also studied chestnut blight and Dutch elm disease. After his retirement in 1945, Beattie took up
Rolla_Kent_Beattie
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