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Unit of weight and coinage
The Carolingian pound (Latin: pondus Caroli, German: Karlspfund), also called Charlemagne's pound or the Charlemagne pound, was a unit of weight that emerged
Carolingian_pound
Pre-decimal currencies
the old Roman pound of 328.9 g (11.60 oz)), and ordered 240 silver units known as denarii to be struck from the new Carolingian pound of pure silver
£sd
8th–9th century renaissance within the Carolingian Empire
The Carolingian Renaissance was the first of three medieval renaissances, a period of cultural activity in the Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne's reign
Carolingian_Renaissance
Currency structure (Charlemagne, 8th C)
weight of the coin became a pfund ("pound"), from which 240 pfennigs ("pennies") could be struck. This Carolingian pound weighed approximately 408 grams.
Carolingian_monetary_system
Holy Roman Empire mathematical reference for the minting of coins
base weight to be specified was the Carolingian Pound, a pound of pure silver weighing 407.92 g. The Carolingian Pound was superseded by what became the
Coin_base_weight
Historical coinage standard
1⁄96 of the Roman pound. In the Carolingian monetary system, the pound was the basic unit of mass. It was stipulated that from one pound of silver, 240 pfennigs
Münzfuß
Unit of currency
lira) as well as the English word pound Libra (weight), an ancient Roman unit of weight, basis for the Carolingian pound Local exchange trading system: many
Pound_(currency)
Currency of the United Kingdom
respectively, but are now officially demonetised. The pound sterling emerged after the adoption of the Carolingian monetary system in England c. 800. Here is a
Pound_sterling
Currency in the Kingdom of Scotland until 1707
using the pound sterling as its currency. It was introduced by David I, in the 12th century, on the Carolingian monetary system of a pound divided into
Pound_Scots
Topics referred to by the same term
papers and literature Libra (weight), an ancient Roman unit of weight Carolingian pound (Latin: libra), a unit of weight and coinage based on the Roman unit
Libra
Currency of Italy from 1861 to 2002
ISBN 0-550-10105-5. The last country to abandon the Carolingian system was Nigeria in 1973, when the pound was replaced by the naira. "Poesie e Prose in dialetto"
Italian_lira
Ancient Roman coin
First Punic War, with an average weight of 6.81 grams, or 1⁄48 of a Roman pound. Contact with the Greeks had prompted a need for silver coinage in addition
Denarius
European coin
often resulted in purchase amounts in "pound hellers," which did not necessarily correspond to the Carolingian pound of 240 hellers. In what was then Bohemian
Heller_(coin)
Unit of currency in various countries
the euro cent or Chinese fen. The Carolingian penny was originally a 0.940-fine silver coin, weighing 1⁄240 pound. It was adopted by Offa of Mercia and
Penny
Brief history of the ancient Roman monetary and weight unit symbols
received the name "Pound of Charlemagne" or "Carolingian pound". No documents specifying the exact weight of the Carolingian pound have survived, so it
Ancient Roman symbols of monetary and weight units
Ancient_Roman_symbols_of_monetary_and_weight_units
Poem by Ezra Pound
The Cantos is a long modernist poem by Ezra Pound, written in 109 canonical sections in addition to a number of drafts and fragments added as a supplement
The_Cantos
Historical European measure of numbers, volume and weight
Schilger or Schilk in Lusatia. 240 pfennigs were minted from the 367 g Carolingian pound of silver. A schilling was determined to be twelve pfennigs, but was
Schilling_(unit)
Class of coinage from central Europe
established a new silver currency which specified that: 1 silver Carolingian pound (equal to about 406½ grammes) = 20 schillings (solidi) = 240 pfennigs
Schilling_(coin)
Synod in 794
minted throughout the realm. Therefore the Carolingian monetary reform and the creation of the Carolingian pound can be dated to the years 793 and 794. The
Council_of_Frankfurt
National currency (1910–1961)
time sterling followed the Carolingian monetary system of a pound divided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. The pound sterling became the standard
South_African_pound
British current and historic coinage
adoption of Western Europe's Carolingian monetary system wherein 12 pence made a shilling and 20 shillings made a pound. The weight of the English penny
Coins_of_the_pound_sterling
Monetary unit of a number of countries
the Roman Empire. When Europe resumed a monetary system, during the Carolingian Empire, the Roman system was adopted. The Roman denominations librae
Lira
Currency of Luxembourg until 1795
pound, lira, or similar Circulating Egyptian pound Lebanese pound Pound sterling Alderney pound Falkland Islands pound Gibraltar pound Guernsey pound
Luxembourg_livre
the minting standard of the Carolingian monetary reform under which 240 pfennigs were minted from the Carolingian pound of silver weighing 367 g. Twelve
Sachsenpfennig
Former coin of the United Kingdom and other territories
Decimal Day in 1971, sterling used the Carolingian monetary system (£sd), under which the largest unit was a pound (£), divisible into 20 shillings (s)
Sixpence_(British_coin)
Carolingian emperor from 881 to 887
(839 – 13 January 888) was the emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 881 to 887. A member of the Carolingian dynasty, Charles was the youngest son of Louis
Charles_the_Fat
Name for a coin or unit of currency
monetary reform, based on the Carolingian silver pound (about 406.5 grams). The schilling was one-twentieth of a pound or about 20.3 grams of silver.
Shilling
Currency of the Netherlands from 1434 to 2002
Prior to 1434 the Dutch issued currency conforming to the Carolingian monetary system, with a pound divided into 20 shillings and a shilling divided into
Dutch_guilder
Currency of Venice
1848, when it was replaced by the Italian lira. It originated from the Carolingian monetary system used in much of Western Europe since the 8th century
Venetian_lira
English (pre 1824), Imperial (post 1824) and US Customary (post 1776) units of measure
in turn can be traced back to Ancient Roman units of measurement, and Carolingian and Saxon units of measure. The US Customary system of units was developed
Imperial and US customary measurement systems
Imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems
The libra jaquesa or Jaca pound was a type of coin that was used in the Kingdom of Aragon from the 11th and 12th centuries until after 1800 as a unit
Libra_jaquesa
Former coin of the United Kingdom and other territories
Decimal Day in 1971, sterling used the Carolingian monetary system, under which the largest unit was a pound divided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence
Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin)
Halfpenny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)
Former unit of currency of the United Kingdom and other territories
Decimal Day in 1971, sterling used the Carolingian monetary system ("£sd"), under which the largest unit was a pound (£) divided into 20 shillings (s), each
Shilling_(British_coin)
European history from the 5th to 15th centuries
across Europe continued. The Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, briefly established the Carolingian Empire during the later 8th and early 9th centuries
Middle_Ages
pound, lira, or similar Circulating Egyptian pound Lebanese pound Pound sterling Alderney pound Falkland Islands pound Gibraltar pound Guernsey pound
Saint_Lucia_livre
Former denomination of sterling coinage
Decimal Day in 1971, sterling used the Carolingian monetary system (£sd), under which the largest unit was a pound (£) divisible into 20 shillings (s),
Penny (British pre-decimal coin)
Penny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)
King of West Francia from 936 to 954
overseas"), reigned as King of West Francia from 936 to 954. A member of the Carolingian dynasty, he was the only son of king Charles the Simple and his second
Louis_IV_of_France
Currency of ancient Rome
today in many countries via the Carolingian monetary system, such as the dinar (from the denarius coin), the British pound (a translation of the Roman libra
Roman_currency
Late Roman Empire gold coin
the Carolingians adopted the silver standard. Thenceforward, the solidus or sol was a paper accounting unit equivalent to one-twentieth of a pound (librum
Solidus
Raid on the Seine in the Kingdom of West Franks
reign of Charles the Fat and a turning point in the fortunes of the Carolingian dynasty and the history of France. It also proved for the Franks the
Siege_of_Paris_(885–886)
Medieval coin
crusader state Kingdom of Jerusalem, among others. Around 755, amid the Carolingian Reforms, Pepin the Short introduced a new currency system which was eventually
French_denier
French units of measurement before 1789
measurement prior to metrication were established under Charlemagne during the Carolingian Renaissance. Based on contemporary Byzantine and ancient Roman measures
Traditional French units of measurement
Traditional_French_units_of_measurement
Coin
The Aachen penny of Charlemagne, a Carolingian silver coin, was found on 22 February 2008 in the foundations of the Palatine Chapel in Aachen, during
Aachen_penny_of_Charlemagne
Historical document detailing land ownership
and payments of money by peasants. The polyptych was developed in the Carolingian period. They are used in the study of manorialism. Examples include the
Polyptych_(document)
Currency of France from 1360 to 2002
in 781 AD to the Frankish Carolingian Empire and spread over the centuries to much of Western Europe, with a Livre (pound) of silver divided into 20
French_franc
King of Wessex from 839 to 858
Clarendon Press. OCLC 1354216. Story, Joanna (2003). Carolingian Connections: Anglo-Saxon England and Carolingian Francia, c. 750–870. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
Æthelwulf,_King_of_Wessex
Former German coin or note (9th century-2002)
Charlemagne established, in the so-called Carolingian coin standard, that from a Carolingian Pfund ("pound") of silver, 240 coins were to be minted (corresponding
Pfennig
Historic church in Cologne, Germany
is considered the oldest evidence of Christian worship in Cologne. In Carolingian times, the Old Cathedral was built on Cologne Cathedral Hill and consecrated
Cologne_Cathedral
Slanting line punctuation mark (/)
from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014. See also Carolingian monetary system. The Chicago Manual of Style (13th ed.). University of
Slash_(punctuation)
Unidentified plant used as a seasoning and medicine
it makes perhaps its last appearance in the list of spices that the Carolingian cook should have at hand—Brevis pimentorum que in domo esse debeant ("A
Silphium
Name used for different coins since antiquity
solidus no longer represents 1/12 of the Roman gold pound but 1/20 of the Carolingian silver pound instead. The sou itself was divided into 12 denarii
French_sol
Frankish noble
the end of the Carolingian Empire. New York: Cambridge University Press. MacLean, Simon (2009). History and Politics in Late Carolingian and Ottonian Europe:
Robert_the_Strong
British modernist art movement formed in 1914
circle, and a lecture series included talks by Lewis's friend the poet Ezra Pound, the novelist Ford Madox Hueffer (later Ford Madox Ford) and the Italian
Vorticism
King of East Francia from 843 to 876
determined with certainty whether the dead man in his sarcophagus is the Carolingian king. After Louis' death, Charles the Bald tried to win over the eastern
Louis_the_German
Series of medieval raids
heartland of the Carolingians lay, for the most part, in territories that were part of the Rhineland. As a result, important sites of Carolingian culture are
Viking_raids_in_the_Rhineland
King of the Anglo-Saxons from 899 to 924
princes, providing details about the training of a prince in a period of Carolingian influence, and Yorke suggests that we may know so much due to Alfred's
Edward_the_Elder
Liturgical commemoration of an early Catholic woman martyr
form as Gregorian chant developed under Pope Gregory I (r. 590–604) and Carolingian reforms (8th–9th centuries), integrating her story into the Roman Rite's
Feast_of_Saint_Agatha
Medieval Christian military campaigns (722–1492)
opened a channel of communication between the isolated Asturias and the Carolingian lands and beyond, centuries later. After the Umayyad conquest of the
Reconquista
Former empire (c. 1299–1922)
war led the Ottoman state to issue foreign loans amounting to 5 million pounds sterling on 4 August 1854. The war caused an exodus of the Crimean Tatars
Ottoman_Empire
This is a list of persons, places, events, etc. that feature in Ezra Pound's The Cantos, a long, incomplete poem in 120 sections, each of which is a canto
List of cultural references in The Cantos
List_of_cultural_references_in_The_Cantos
Roman-era cookbook
Apicius" by "an illustrious man" named Vinidarius, made as late as the Carolingian era. The Vinidarius of this book may have been a Goth, in which case
Apicius
King of the Danes
in 854. His long and eventful reign was marked by Danish raids on the Carolingian Empire of Louis the Pious, son and successor of Charlemagne. Horik's
Horik_I
Mongol conquest of the Abbasid Caliphate (1258)
precursor to the Black Death. Mongol military logistics demanded that pounded millet be transported from the Mongol heartland all the way to Iraq, providing
Siege_of_Baghdad
Viking attack on kingdom of the West Franks
Press, pp. 362–363. Hoops & Beck 2002, p. 90. Duckett, Eleanor S (1988). Carolingian Portraits: A Study in the Ninth Century. University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0-472-06157-0
Siege_of_Paris_(845)
valuable epigraphical objects. Coins weights were also known in the Carolingian Empire, where they were stamped with regular coin dyes to clarify their
Coin_weights
Irish Catholic philosopher and theologian (c. 800 – c. 877)
be both the outstanding philosopher (in terms of originality) of the Carolingian era and of the whole period of Latin philosophy stretching from Boethius
John_Scotus_Eriugena
Early medieval cultural group in Britain
and interpreted the fate of the kingdom of England with Biblical and Carolingian ideology, with parallels, between the Israelites, the great European
Anglo-Saxons
the King of Spain. Each territory had its own variant of the original Carolingian units of measure. Under the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the seven Protestant
Dutch_units_of_measurement
1674–1818 empire in the Indian subcontinent
offered a luxurious life near Kanpur and given a pension of about 80,000 pounds. A comparison was made with napoleon. The Maratha Confederacy, at its peak
Maratha_Empire
Visual arts movement
Iconoclast Macedonian Palaeologan Italo-Byzantine Frankish Merovingian Carolingian Pre-Romanesque Ottonian Romanesque Mosan Spanish Norman Norman-Sicilian
Minimalism_(visual_arts)
1804 French royal event
brought together various rites and customs, incorporating ceremonies of Carolingian tradition, the ancien régime, and the French Revolution, all presented
Coronation_of_Napoleon
King of the English from 939 to 946
of loyalty and obedience, and this is spelled out in terms based on Carolingian legislation for the first time in III Edmund, issued at Colyton in Devon
Edmund_I
King of Italy from 493 to 526
Theodoric. The treaty also secured a payment to Constantinople of some 300 pounds' worth of gold each year. Theodoric was well educated by Constantinople's
Theodoric_the_Great
Period of Roman history (c. 509 – 27 BC)
476–493 Ostrogothic 493–553 Vandal 435–534 Lombard 568–774 Frankish (Carolingian Empire) 774–962 Germanic (Holy Roman Empire) 962–1801 Medieval Italy
Roman_Republic
Queen of France (1137–52) and England (1154–89); Duchess of Aquitaine (1137–1204)
Aquitaine dating back to the 10th century, who in turn succeeded the Carolingian monarchs of the Kingdom of Aquitaine. Twelfth-century Aquitaine was one
Eleanor_of_Aquitaine
Battle of the Carolingian Civil War
of Charles. The historical context of this battle is the three-year Carolingian civil war, culminating in the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye in 841. Here
Battle_of_Toulouse_(844)
Aspect of Viking expansion
Mercian, and East Anglian examples found alongside foreign imports from Carolingian-dynasty Francia and from the Arab world. Not all such Viking hoards in
Viking activity in the British Isles
Viking_activity_in_the_British_Isles
Pre-gunpowder projectile-launching device
archived from the original on 2008-10-05. Bachrach, Bernard S (2001), Early Carolingian Warfare: Prelude to Empire, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania
Catapult
Consort of Alfred the Great from 871 to 899
Simon (February 2003). "Queenship, Nunneries and Royal Widowhood in Carolingian Europe." Past & Present 1, no.178: 3-38. Marafioti, Nicole (2014). The
Ealhswith
King of the English from 946 to 955
Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960504-0. Wood, Michael (2010). "A Carolingian Scholar in the Court of King Æthelstan". In Rollason, David; Leyser,
Eadred
King of the English from 959 to 975
post-Carolingian Europe universally followed the Regula S. Benedicti, but Wormald comments that "England was the only place in post-Carolingian Europe
Edgar,_King_of_England
Customary unit of length
320 mm (12.6 in) was used. At the same time, monastic buildings used the Carolingian foot of 340 mm (13.4 in). The procedure for verification of the foot
Foot_(unit)
Medieval fortification
river and the Rhine in the 9th and 10th centuries, after the fall of the Carolingian Empire resulted in its territory being divided among individual lords
Motte-and-bailey_castle
Government of France from 1799 to 1804
Younger had contributed to this royalist conspiracy by financing one million pounds and providing naval transport (with the ship of Captain John Wesley Wright)
French_Consulate
Government of France from 1870 to 1940
was severe, with the franc losing over half its value against the British pound. To uplift the French national spirit, many intellectuals began to fashion
French_Third_Republic
King of the Franks in Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy
the ruling Franks. As a child, Dagobert lived under the care of the Carolingian dynasty fore-bearers and Austrasian magnates, Arnulf of Metz and Pepin
Dagobert_I
Civil unrest in Paris, France
Middle Ages Francia and the Frankish settlement Merovingians 481–751 Carolingians 751–987 West Francia 843–987 Kingdom of France 987–1792 Direct
French_Revolution_of_1848
King of England from 1154 to 1189
Henry controlled more of France than any ruler since the 9th century Carolingians; these lands, combined with his possessions in England, Wales, Scotland
Henry_II_of_England
Marks to indicate pacing of written text
the late 8th century, a different system emerged in France under the Carolingian dynasty. Originally indicating how the voice should be modulated when
Punctuation
Phoenician city-state
profitable trades. One mine in Iberia provided Hannibal with 300 Roman pounds (3.75 talents) of silver a day. Carthage's economy began as an extension
Ancient_Carthage
20th-century avant-garde art movement
Iconoclast Macedonian Palaeologan Italo-Byzantine Frankish Merovingian Carolingian Pre-Romanesque Ottonian Romanesque Mosan Spanish Norman Norman-Sicilian
Cubism
King of the Franks from 996 to 1031
and Robert I (922), had ascended to the throne, displacing the ruling Carolingian dynasty. The principality of Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Robert
Robert_II_of_France
Fortified structure
castles originated in the 9th and 10th centuries after the fall of the Carolingian Empire, which resulted in its territory being divided among individual
Castle
Early 20th-century artistic style
Iconoclast Macedonian Palaeologan Italo-Byzantine Frankish Merovingian Carolingian Pre-Romanesque Ottonian Romanesque Mosan Spanish Norman Norman-Sicilian
Fauvism
Styles of art associated with periods of time and/or locations of artistic activity
Iconoclast Macedonian Palaeologan Italo-Byzantine Frankish Merovingian Carolingian Pre-Romanesque Ottonian Romanesque Mosan Spanish Norman Norman-Sicilian
Art_movement
Byzantium and the Islamic world via the Dnieper and Volga river systems, the Carolingian Empire and Venice. One of the reasons Kievan Rus came to be was that
Black_Sea_slave_trade
Javanese empire from 1292 to 1527
masters in casting artillery and very good artillerymen. They make many one-pounder cannons (cetbang or rentaka), long muskets, spingarde (arquebus), schioppi
Majapahit
Duke of Aquitaine (r. 745–768)
entered a monastery. He also inherited the conflict with the rising Carolingian family and its leader, Pepin the Short, who was king of the Franks after
Waiofar
19th-century art movement
Iconoclast Macedonian Palaeologan Italo-Byzantine Frankish Merovingian Carolingian Pre-Romanesque Ottonian Romanesque Mosan Spanish Norman Norman-Sicilian
Impressionism
Predecessor state of the Netherlands (1581–1795)
centuries) Frisian Kingdom (c. 6th century – 734) Frankish Kingdom (481–843)—Carolingian Empire (800–843) Austrasia (511–687) Middle Francia (843–855) West Francia
Dutch_Republic
travel, tourism, insurance
CAROLINGIAN POUND
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