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Type of furnace once used widely for smelting iron from its oxides
A bloomery is a type of metallurgical furnace once used widely for smelting iron from its oxides. The bloomery was the earliest form of smelter capable
Bloomery
Iron alloy with a very low carbon content
processes, all described today as "bloomeries". Different forms of bloomery were used at different places and times. The bloomery was charged with charcoal and
Wrought_iron
Topics referred to by the same term
A bloomery is a type of furnace once used widely for smelting iron from its oxides. Bloomery may also refer to: Bloomery, Hampshire County, West Virginia
Bloomery_(disambiguation)
Unincorporated community in Tennessee, United States
Laurel Bloomery is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Tennessee. Settled in the early 19th century, the community's first bloomery forge mill
Laurel_Bloomery,_Tennessee
Type of furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals
convection of hot gases in a chimney flue. According to this broad definition, bloomeries for iron, blowing houses for tin, and smelt mills for lead would be classified
Blast_furnace
Unincorporated community in West Virginia, United States
Bloomery is an unincorporated community in Hampshire County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Bloomery is northwest of Winchester, Virginia, along the
Bloomery, Hampshire County, West Virginia
Bloomery,_Hampshire_County,_West_Virginia
Metallurgy of iron and its alloys
became major manufacturers and exporters of iron. The development of bloomery versus cast iron across regions may be due to influence by the applications
Ferrous_metallurgy
Water-powered air compressor
for bloomery furnaces in Catalonia and the United States. The presence of a trompe is a signature attribute of a Catalan forge, a type of bloomery furnace
Trompe
Iron production in Africa
African iron smelting processes are variants of the bloomery process. A much wider range of bloomery smelting processes has been recorded on the African
Iron_metallurgy_in_Africa
Iron alloy
produced in bloomeries by direct reduction. Small prills of pig iron dispersed in slag are produced in all iron furnaces, but the operator of a bloomery had to
Pig_iron
Alloy of iron and carbon
state, which decrease upon the addition of carbon. Steel was produced in bloomery furnaces for thousands of years, but its large-scale, industrial use began
Steel
Historic district in Pennsylvania, United States
1716 to 1776. There were at least 21 blast furnaces, 45 forges, four bloomeries, six steel furnaces, three slitting mills, two plate mills, and one wire
Cornwall_Iron_Furnace
Archaeological period
in Anatolia, the Caucasus or Southeast Europe c. 1300 BC. The earliest bloomery smelting of iron is found at Tell Hammeh, Jordan c. 930 BC (determined
Iron_Age
Form of iron ore deposited in bogs
mostly occurred in bloomery furnaces. The resources necessary for production were wood for charcoal, clay for the construction of bloomery furnaces, and water
Bog_iron
Mixture or metallic solid solution composed of two or more elements
first known smelting of iron began in Anatolia, around 1800 BC. Called the bloomery process, it produced very soft but ductile wrought iron. By 800 BC, iron-making
Alloy
Sand with high concentrations of iron
granular nature of the ore was difficult to keep contained in common bloomeries or blast furnaces, having a tendency toward granular flow (mimicking a
Ironsand
Use of heat and a reducing agent to extract metal from ore
Most early processes in Europe and Africa involved smelting iron ore in a bloomery, where the temperature is kept low enough so that the iron does not melt
Smelting
works, but not as high as those found in Indian artifacts. The tatara bloomery method is considered by historians and archeologists to be unique, and
Early Japanese iron-working techniques
Early_Japanese_iron-working_techniques
tunnels, trenches and bell-pits. Iron ore was usually locally processed at a bloomery and by the 14th century the first water-powered iron forge in England was
Economics of English mining in the Middle Ages
Economics_of_English_mining_in_the_Middle_Ages
the Mountain City Fiddlers' Convention, the nearby community of Laurel Bloomery hosts the annual Old Time Fiddler's Convention. The event is held every
Music_of_East_Tennessee
Applied science and research
ancestors built speos during the Bronze Age between 3700 and 3250 BC. Bloomeries and blast furnaces were also created during the 7th centuries BC in Kush
Engineering
Chemical element with atomic number 26 (Fe)
vary. These oxides are the principal ores for the production of iron (see bloomery and blast furnace). They are also used in the production of ferrites, useful
Iron
Set of processes for obtaining iron from iron ore
reduction was used to obtain a mix of iron and slag called a bloom in a bloomery. At the beginning of the 20th century, this process was abandoned in favor
Direct_reduction
Manor house in Cheshire, England
acres (550 ha); it contained a cornmill, orchards, gardens and an iron bloomery with water-powered hammers. The gardens lay abandoned until their 20th-century
Little_Moreton_Hall
that fifteenth-and sixteenth-century CE slags from this area were just bloomery waste products, while preliminary metallographic analyses of objects indicate
History of science and technology in Africa
History_of_science_and_technology_in_Africa
Step in the manufacture of iron
and stamping processes, as well as the much older charcoal finery and bloomery processes. This enabled a great expansion of iron production to take place
Puddling_(metallurgy)
Town in Tennessee, United States
commemorated every summer at the Old Time Fiddler's Convention in nearby Laurel Bloomery. Since 1982, Mountain City has been home to a luxury inn and country club
Mountain_City,_Tennessee
Village in Staffordshire, England
Middle Ages, the Smestow Brook and the Stour were lined with small iron bloomeries and forges, using local reserves of charcoal and water. The Industrial
Wombourne
Unincorporated community in West Virginia, United States
S. state of West Virginia. Slanesville is located at the crossroads of Bloomery Pike (West Virginia Route 29) with Slanesville Pike (Hampshire County Route
Slanesville,_West_Virginia
Former industry in south-east England
was a quarter to a third wooded. Forging and finishing of the iron from bloomeries and blast furnaces also required large quantities of charcoal and was
Wealden_iron_industry
Place in Slovenian Littoral, Slovenia
way to Vršič Pass. It was erected in 1690 by the owners of the Trenta bloomeries, the Counts of Attems. The Trenta Lodge information center of Triglav
Trenta,_Bovec
State highway in West Virginia, United States
the Cacapon River then follows Bloomery Run through Bloomery Gap. The old Bloomery Iron Furnace stands along Bloomery Run with a roadside park on WV 127
West_Virginia_Route_127
Geographic region in the Southern US
can be seen in the many towns with names such as Pigeon Forge and Bloomery (a bloomery being a type of smelting furnace), scattered across the Upland South
Upland_South
County in West Virginia, United States
Romney Capon Bridge Bloomery Capon Gore Mill Creek Romney Sherman Springfield Green Spring Springfield Augusta Barnes Mill Bloomery Blues Beach Bubbling
Hampshire County, West Virginia
Hampshire_County,_West_Virginia
belonging to the period of Siwa culture. One of the fragments was made of bloomery iron rather than meteoritic iron. Cast iron farm tools and weapons were
History of metallurgy in China
History_of_metallurgy_in_China
Unincorporated community in West Virginia, United States
Bloomery is an unincorporated community on the Shenandoah River in Jefferson County, West Virginia, United States. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names
Bloomery, Jefferson County, West Virginia
Bloomery,_Jefferson_County,_West_Virginia
Mountain in West Virginia, United States
its southern point, Cacapon Mountain rises from the landscape north of Bloomery in northeastern Hampshire County. The mountain's western flank forms a
Cacapon_Mountain
Pre-industrial workshop utilizing water-driven trip hammers
by hand. The hammer mills smelted iron ore using charcoal in so-called bloomeries (Georgius Agricola 1556, Rennherden, Rennfeuer or Rennofen: from Rinnen
Hammer_mill
Iron-carbon alloy
to keep the surface layer from being too brittle. Compared to earlier bloomery iron, China's development of a high-temperature cast iron system significantly
Cast_iron
Unincorporated community in West Virginia, US
Good is located on the Bloomery Pike (West Virginia Route 127) at I.L. Pugh Road (West Virginia Secondary Route 6/2) east of Bloomery and northwest of Winchester
Good,_West_Virginia
Type of steel used in Middle Eastern swordmaking
steel) by Biruni, both of which were forms of either high- and low-carbon bloomery iron, or low-carbon bloom with cast iron. In such a crucible recipe, no
Damascus_steel
Device used to heat, melt, or otherwise process metals
These can be subdivided into: Cold blast furnaces Hot blast furnaces The bloomery, a precursor to the blast furnace that produces sponge iron from ore The
Metallurgical_furnace
US white supremacist political organization
of the group; Williams said in a letter to a newspaper sent from Laurel Bloomery, Tennessee (allegedly the NA's headquarters) that "(The National Alliance
National Alliance (United States)
National_Alliance_(United_States)
Archaeological site in Jordan
valley opens into the Jordan Valley. It is the site of some of the earliest bloomery smelting of iron, from around 930 BC. It is close to several of the larger
Tell_Hammeh
Region in northern Sudan and southern Egypt
Metalworking is believed to have happened in Meroë, possibly through bloomeries and blast furnaces. The centralized control of production within the Meroitic
Nubia
City in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
date is 18 November 1723, when the shops carried out a test run of the bloomery for trip hammers. The plant was commissioned 6 days later, on 24 November
Yekaterinburg
Type of blade
earliest steel blades were laminated out of necessity, due to the early bloomery method of smelting iron, which made production of steel expensive and inconsistent
Laminated_steel_blade
Village and parish in East Sussex, England
referred to in 1603. It was probably constructed on the site of an earlier bloomery. Also in the hamlet is an 18th-century corn mill and mill house, both are
Hartfield
8) Romney Bloomery Grist Mill c. 1800 Bloomery Pike (WV 127) Bloomery Bloomery Iron Furnace c. 1800 Bloomery Pike (WV 127) Bloomery Bloomery Presbyterian
List of historic sites in Hampshire County, West Virginia
List_of_historic_sites_in_Hampshire_County,_West_Virginia
American musician (1913–1965)
mid-20th-century American folk revival. Frank Proffitt was born in 1913 in Laurel Bloomery, Tennessee, to Wiley Proffitt and Rebecca Alice Creed Proffitt. When Frank
Frank_Proffitt
Topics referred to by the same term
metal and metal ore Basic oxygen furnace Bessemer converter Blast furnace Bloomery Electric arc furnace Induction furnace Open hearth furnace Puddling furnace
Furnace
Stream in North Carolina, USA
Branch Mill Branch Marsh Swamp Little Swamp Mill Branch Shepard Branch Bloomery Swamp Toisnot Swamp Water Branch Beaman Run Mill Run Panther Swamp Beaverdam
Contentnea_Creek
Island in the Tyrrhenian Sea
Iron Age. The Etruscans exploited the forests of oak needed to fuel the bloomeries of the mainland where the iron ore of Elba's mines was melted. The Greeks
Montecristo
Topics referred to by the same term
surfaces of a watercolor painting Bloom (bloomery) (sponge iron), a porous mass of iron and slag produced in a bloomery Bloom (casting), a semi-finished metal
Bloom
metal production technologies in the Urals include the transition from bloomery or the old iron production method to the Kontuazsky forge (for remelting
History of metallurgy in the Urals
History_of_metallurgy_in_the_Urals
Process of separating commercially valuable minerals from their ores
has been evident since as early as 800 BC in China with the use of bloomery. A bloomery is the original form of smelting and allowed people to make fires
Mineral_processing
Metallurgical preheating of air
in Scotland, but was later applied in other contexts, including late bloomeries. Later the carbon monoxide in the flue gas was burned to provide additional
Hot_blast
United States historic place
Principio Furnace The old bloomery, depicted in 1936 The old bloomery during the preservation works of 2015 Another view of the bloomery, during the works of
Principio_Furnace
Iron metal made from ore without a blast furnace
Europe, where it remained in use until at least the 16th century. Whilst bloomeries allowed for iron production at a lower furnace temperature (only about
Direct_reduced_iron
Africa has played a large role in reconstructing copper smelting and bloomery iron furnaces as there are still several places that practice a workshop
Experimental archaeometallurgy
Experimental_archaeometallurgy
Building or site where iron is smelted
plural, i.e. the singular of ironworks is ironworks. Ironworks succeeded bloomeries when blast furnaces replaced former methods. An integrated ironworks in
Ironworks
(tuyeres, iron slag, arrowheads, tools etc.) and other evidence of extensive bloomery type smelting dating to the period of 1840BP ± 125 years c. 1972, at a
Timeline_of_Yoruba_history
Imperial dynasty in China (202 BC – 220 AD)
in China by the late Spring and Autumn period (c. 770 – c. 481 BC). The bloomery was non-existent in ancient China; however, the Han-era Chinese produced
Han_dynasty
Rock pinnacle in West Virginia, United States
stands 1,070 feet (326 m) above sea level over the Cacapon River near the Bloomery Pike (West Virginia Route 127) south of Forks of Cacapon in Hampshire County
Caudy's_Castle
Village and civil parish in Shropshire, England
early as the 16th century, when Walter Leveson (1551-1602) established a bloomery. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries relatively shallow deposits
Lilleshall
Region in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia
Tennessee Konnarock, Virginia Kyles Ford, Tennessee Lamar, Tennessee Laurel Bloomery, Tennessee Leesburg, Tennessee Liberty Hill, Greene County, Tennessee Limestone
Tri-Cities (Tennessee–Virginia)
Tri-Cities_(Tennessee–Virginia)
Copper production in Africa
Examples of African bloomery furnace types
Copper_metallurgy_in_Africa
Device for drawing and blowing air
ancient Greeks, ancient Romans, and other civilizations used bellows in bloomery furnaces producing wrought iron. Bellows are also used to send pressurized
Bellows
Type of steel made in the Japanese tradition
determined by its color: bright silver pieces are very good for making blades. Bloomery Bulat steel Crucible steel Damascus steel Japanese swordsmithing Katana
Tamahagane
Colonial American ironmaster and abolitionist (1660–1730)
Pottstown. Rutter left his home in Germantown to establish Pine Forge, a bloomery that was the first iron forge in Pennsylvania, on his land by 1716. By
Thomas_Rutter
Region in north Lesser Poland
of flint and later iron tools. In Nowa Slupia, remnants of forty five bloomeries were found (1th - 4th century). In the Middle Ages, the region became
Old-Polish_Industrial_Region
Ancient kingdom in Nubia, Africa
diameter and 6.3 m deep. Bloomeries and blast furnaces could have been used in metalworking at Meroë. Early records of bloomery furnaces dated at least
Kingdom_of_Kush
English Quaker accountant and writer (1642–1714)
1658 to 1681, Sarah invested in iron bloomery with her mother and three sisters, recording the income of iron bloomery in her account book, albeit not completely
Sarah_Fell
Ancient/medieval kingdom in Southern Africa
as Persian earthenware bowls and Chinese celadon. Metalworking and iron bloomery were in the domain of men. As the spiritual home of the Mutapa dynasty
Kingdom_of_Great_Zimbabwe
UNESCO Lee, Park & Yoon 2005, pp. 82–85. "Large-scale 2nd to 3rd century AD bloomery iron smelting in Korea | Request PDF". Wontack Hong, "The Yemaek Tungus
History_of_Korea
Unincorporated community in Tennessee, United States
the second weekend in October with food, a parade, and auctions. Laurel Bloomery, Tennessee "Shady Valley, Tennessee". Geographic Names Information System
Shady_Valley,_Tennessee
away, leaving behind the iron oxide, which would then be smelted with the bloomery method. Mixed with charcoal, the iron ore was heated in a low furnace below
Mining_in_Roman_Britain
Historical region of Poland
goes back to prehistoric times, when in Świętokrzyskie Mountains, first bloomeries were constructed. In the Middle Ages, first plants were opened in that
Lesser_Poland
and casting had not been developed. Steel could be produced by forging bloomery iron to reduce the carbon content in a somewhat controllable way, but steel
History_of_technology
Technology used in medieval Europe
century at the latest) Used in metallurgy to forge the metal blooms from bloomeries and Catalan forges, they replaced manual hammerwork. The water hammer
Medieval_technology
Type of steel
especially tools, was still being made primarily by the slow and arduous bloomery process in very small amounts and at high cost, which, albeit better, had
Crucible_steel
Appalachian folk song
2009. Mark Freed, "The Johnson County Fiddlers' Convention at Laurel Bloomery, Tennessee Archived 24 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine." The Old-Time
Cumberland_Gap_(song)
Medieval cantref in Gloucestershire
existed prior to the Roman invasion and was home to a number of ancient bloomeries, suggesting preexisting trade links with Cantref Coch. However, these
Cantref_Coch
Topics referred to by the same term
where pig iron was fined and forged (drawn out) into bars of wrought iron Bloomery, a forge where iron ore was smelted to produce wrought iron Forge (character)
Forge_(disambiguation)
and early Stuart times. Iron-smelting in the former period was based on bloomery technology, while the latter depended for its rapid growth on the blast
Iron industry of Ashdown Forest
Iron_industry_of_Ashdown_Forest
Artefact of ancient iron production
the microstructure of the slag. The bloomery furnace produced iron in a solid state. This is because the bloomery process was conducted at a temperature
Archaeometallurgical_slag
American mining and steel manufactuing executive, and philanthropist
raising $100,000. The subsidiary, with Mather as president, leased the bloomeries and forges of the Collins Iron Co. while using Cleveland Iron Mining ore
Samuel_Livingston_Mather
81.769804°W / 36.555421; -81.769804 (Morrison Farm and Store) Laurel Bloomery Consists of a farmhouse and several outbuildings, including a log store
National Register of Historic Places listings in Tennessee
National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tennessee
Village in East Sussex, England
Maresfield, working the iron ore to be found in the local Weald Clay using bloomeries. Roman coins and waste from furnaces has been found at these locations
Nutley,_East_Sussex
goods, but by around AD 400 wrought iron was being produced locally using bloomeries, a technology possibly introduced from the Philippines. Distinct Iron
Prehistory_of_Taiwan
Roman short sword; Latin word meaning "sword"
generally made out of steel. In Roman times, workers reduced ore in a bloomery furnace. The resulting pieces were called blooms, which they further worked
Gladius
Swamp Brandy Branch Swamp Cedar Creek Lee Swamp Robin Swamp Hominy Swamp Bloomery Swamp Shepard Branch Mill Branch Little Swamp Marsh Swamp Buckhorn Branch
List of rivers of North Carolina
List_of_rivers_of_North_Carolina
British legislation regulating colonial trade in America
(Accoceek/Potomac Ironworks), and Benjamin Grimes (Grimes Recovery and a bloomery near Fredericksburg). The limitation of imported bar iron to London and
Iron_Act
Place in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
Czech-ruled Silesia, emerged as a center of industry, with several forges and bloomeries. In the 16th century, when the settlement of Łojki (future Blachownia)
Blachownia
Process for producing steel
hunter-foragers in northern Sweden. The earliest means of producing steel was in a bloomery. For much of human history, steel was made only in small quantities. Early
Steelmaking
Area of Greater Manchester, England
a two-storey farmhouse built of brick, timber and plaster. A medieval bloomery was discovered in 2006-2008 during work by Oxford Archaeology dating to
Little_Hulton
Mine in Burgundy, France
appropriate mills. Lastly, extracting iron required air to activate the bloomeries and the site is at the top of a hill, well exposed to winds. This is not
Ferrier of Tannerre-en-Puisaye
Ferrier_of_Tannerre-en-Puisaye
Mining industry in Sweden
bowl furnace[clarification needed] methods rather than the open hearth "bloomery" model favored in England. One of the most important Swedish iron products
Mining_in_Sweden
Intermediate casting type
commercial wrought iron, blooms were slag-riddled iron castings poured in a bloomery before being worked into wrought iron. In the era of commercial steel,
Semi-finished casting products
Semi-finished_casting_products
Technological innovations that have historically increased productivity
the bloomery process, which was never used in China. Wrought iron could be made from cast iron more cheaply than it could be made with a bloomery. The
Productivity-improving technologies
Productivity-improving_technologies
BLOOMERY
BLOOMERY
BLOOMERY
BLOOMERY
Girl/Female
German Latin
noble.
Girl/Female
English
A Big Storm
Female
English
 Feminine form of English Urban, URBANA means "of the city."
Female
English
Feminine form of Roman Latin Julianus, JULIANA means "descended from Jupiter (Jove)."
Girl/Female
Norse
Daughter of Asgrim.
Biblical
toward the idol, or with Baal
Boy/Male
Muslim
Acceptance, Good will
Surname or Lastname
English (Yorkshire and Lancashire)
English (Yorkshire and Lancashire) : habitational name from a minor place of this name, for example Cockcroft in Rishworth or Cock Croft in Bingley, both in West Yorkshire. They are named with Old English cocc ‘rooster’ + croft ‘paddock’, ‘smallholding’. In some cases it may be a topographic name with the same meaning.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Ever lasting, Lord Vishnu and Lord Krishna
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old English personal name composed of the elements ēast ‘grace’, ‘beauty’ + mund ‘protection’. This name was also used by the Norman, among whom it represents a continental Germanic cognate of the Old English name.
BLOOMERY
BLOOMERY
BLOOMERY
BLOOMERY
BLOOMERY
n.
A kind of tongs used in a bloomery.
n.
A furnace and forge in which wrought iron in the form of blooms is made directly from the ore, or (more rarely) from cast iron.
n.
See Bloomery.
n.
See Bloomery.