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WWI naval blockade
The Blockade of Germany, or the Blockade of Europe, occurred from 1914 to 1919. The prolonged naval blockade was conducted by the Entente during and after
Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)
Blockade_of_Germany_(1914–1919)
Topics referred to by the same term
Blockade of Germany may refer to: Blockade of Germany (1914–1919) during World War I Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) during World War II This disambiguation
Blockade_of_Germany
WWII operation to restrict supply lines
The Blockade of Germany, also known as the Economic War, involved operations carried out during World War II by the Allies of World War II in order to
Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)
Blockade_of_Germany_(1939–1945)
Prevention of trade or movement by force
A blockade is the use of military force to prevent food, supplies, weapons, or communications, and sometimes people, entering or leaving a country or region
Blockade
Merchant ship used to evade a naval blockade
A blockade runner is a merchant vessel used for evading a naval blockade of a port or strait. It is usually light and fast, using stealth and speed rather
Blockade_runner
German state from 1918 to 1933
000 German soldiers and from 424,000 to 763,000 civilians, many of them from disease and starvation as a result of the Allied blockade of Germany. After
Weimar_Republic
Armistice ending the First World War
civilians, eventual reparations, no release of German prisoners and no relaxation of the naval blockade of Germany. The armistice was extended three times while
Armistice_of_11_November_1918
were stopped by the British blockade of Germany. First food prices were limited, then rationing was introduced. The winter of 1916/17 was called the "turnip
History of Germany during World War I
History_of_Germany_during_World_War_I
USSR blockade of Berlin (1948–1949)
"raisin bombers" generated much goodwill among German children. On 12 May 1949, the USSR lifted the blockade of West Berlin, due to economic issues in East
Berlin_Blockade
One of the treaties that ended World War I
the Allies in Germany, 1918–1923. University of California Press. Paul, C. (1985). The politics of hunger: the allied blockade of Germany, 1915–1919. Athens
Treaty_of_Versailles
Events after the end of the war in 1918
end of hostilities, some form of blockade was continually in place, with some contemporary estimates that a further 100,000 casualties among German civilians
Aftermath_of_World_War_I
supply and needs of the civilian population and prices "sky-rocketed". In contrast to the blockade of Germany, the Anglo-French blockade was not extensively
Blockade of the Eastern Mediterranean
Blockade_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean
214–215. ISBN 978-960-250-150-4. Osborne, Eric W., Britain's economic blockade of Germany, 1914–1919, Frank Cass, London, 2004, p.230 "World War I" on Countrystudies
List_of_blockades
World War I
Ministry of Blockade. The Ministry of Blockade was responsible for maintaining both a land and sea blockade against Germany. The Minister of Blockade was a
Minister_of_Blockade
Initial period of low activity in World War II
naval blockade of Germany, shut down German surface raiders, and formulated elaborate plans for large-scale operations designed to cripple the German war
Phoney_War
warfare was instituted in 1915 in response to the British naval blockade of Germany. Germany intended to starve Britain as well, but unlike the British, prize
War_crimes_in_World_War_I
naval blockade of Germany on 4 September. Although Britain and France honoured these guarantees by declaring war two days after Germany's invasion of Poland
British declaration of war on Germany (1939)
British_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1939)
logistics Blockade of Germany First World War glass–rubber exchange Services of Supply, American Expeditionary Forces Creveld, pp. 138–141. “Report of the Military
Logistics_in_World_War_I
(2001). "Naval Blockade". International Law Studies. 75 (VII): 203–229. Osborne, Eric W. (24 June 2004). Britain's Economic Blockade of Germany, 1914-1919
British_war_crimes
Capital of Bavaria, Germany
Münter. Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, life in Munich became very difficult, as the Allied blockade of Germany led to food and fuel shortages
Munich
Naval operation during the Second World War
objective was to board the Italian and German ships in the harbour and sail them to Lagos. The SSRF under the command of Major Gus March-Phillipps left Britain
Operation_Postmaster
Naval blockade from December 1902 to February 1903
The Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903 was a naval blockade imposed against Venezuela by Great Britain, Germany, and Italy from December 1902 to February
Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903
Venezuelan_crisis_of_1902–1903
1916 major naval battle during World War I
engage the British fleet. This was part of a larger strategy to break the British blockade of Germany and allow German naval vessels access to the Atlantic
Battle_of_Jutland
1916 sabotage and munitions explosion in New York Harbor
the Royal Navy's blockade of Germany, however, only Allied governments could purchase American munitions. As a result, Imperial Germany sent spies to the
Black_Tom_explosion
Global conflict from 1914 to 1918
destroyed or interned. Soon after the outbreak of hostilities, Britain began a naval blockade of Germany. This proved effective in cutting off vital supplies
World_War_I
Overthrow of the German Empire
sufficient supply of food for the German people, who were still suffering under the impact of the Allied blockade. The statement ended with "Leave the
German revolution of 1918–1919
German_revolution_of_1918–1919
Naval battle during the Second World War
From the start of the war on 3 September 1939, the Allies proclaimed a blockade of Germany to prevent the import of goods. Germany had no rubber, oil
Battle_of_the_Bay_of_Biscay
deaths due to the Blockade of Germany are disputed. The German Board of Public Health in December 1918 maintained that 763,000 German civilians died from
World_War_I_casualties
characterised by blockade. The Allied powers, with their larger fleets and surrounding position, largely succeeded in their blockade of Germany and the other
Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I
Period of hardship for German civilians during World War I
ongoing blockade by the Allies of World War I had also reduced Germany's food imports. The food shortages were also attributed to a seizure of horses for
Turnip_Winter
D-Day rehearsal in 1944
by E-boats of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, resulting in the deaths of at least 749 American servicemen. Because of the impending invasion of Normandy,
Exercise_Tiger
Federal Republic of Germany (1949–1990)
surrounded by East German territory and had suffered a Soviet blockade in 1948–49, which was overcome by the Berlin airlift. The outbreak of the Korean War
West_Germany
1940 agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union
France, German war planners estimated that, with an expected British naval blockade, if the Soviet Union became hostile, Germany would fall short of its war
German–Soviet Commercial Agreement (1940)
German–Soviet_Commercial_Agreement_(1940)
Painting by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
liberties in Germany were extremely poor. Mary Cox's 'The First World War and the Blockade of Germany, 1914–1919' cites "that economic warfare in Germany was premeditated
Self-Portrait_as_a_Soldier
Attempt by Germany during World War II to cut supply lines to Britain
major part of the naval history of World War II. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and
Battle_of_the_Atlantic
Naval blockade of the Confederacy in the U.S. Civil War
The Union blockade in the American Civil War was a naval strategy by the United States to prevent the Confederacy from trading. The blockade was proclaimed
Union_blockade
Substitute good, particularly in wartime
armored cruiser Yorck. The Allied naval blockade of Germany limited maritime commerce with Germany, forcing Germany and Austria-Hungary to develop substitutes
Ersatz_good
Primary maritime routes between ports
British and Germans declared mutual blockade and the Kriegsmarine attempted to close the SLOCs from North America to the British Isles with the use of submarines
Sea_lines_of_communication
Part of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh was an event in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The region was disputed between Azerbaijan and the breakaway Republic of Artsakh
Blockade_of_Nagorno-Karabakh
Gloucester-class cruiser
Manchester began conducting patrols in the Norwegian Sea enforcing the blockade of Germany. Beginning in April 1940 the ship played a minor role in the Norwegian
HMS_Manchester_(15)
Cargo steamship (1888–1916) - seized by British
foodstuffs, triggering a diplomatic incident over how the British naval blockade of Germany impacted neutral trading rights. The ship was built as SS New Borough
SS_Wilhelmina_(1888)
Unarmed cargo submarine during WWI
was a blockade-breaking German merchant submarine used during World War I. It was developed with private funds and operated by the North German Lloyd
German_submarine_Deutschland
Retrieved 30 May 2016. Osbourne, Eric W. (2004). Britain's Economic Blockade of Germany, 1914–1919. Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-5474-4. "British naval convoy
History of the Royal Navy (after 1707)
History_of_the_Royal_Navy_(after_1707)
WWI and WWII British-issued commercial passport
during the British naval blockades of Germany in World War I and World War II. Navicerts were introduced at the suggestion of US Consul General in London
Navicert
Restriction of movement and trade by Israel and Egypt (2007–present)
blockade on the movement of goods and people in and out of the Gaza Strip. In the same year, Egypt closed the Rafah border crossing. The blockade's stated
Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip
1806–1814 embargo of Europe against Britain
issued the Berlin Decree on 21 November 1806 in response to the naval blockade of the French coasts enacted by the British government on 16 May 1806. The
Continental_System
Country in Central Europe (1949–1990)
Under Siege: The Berlin Blockade and Airlift, 1948–1949. Weitz 1997, p. 350 Following a Soviet order in February 1948, the German Economic Commission became
East_Germany
October 2023, Israel intensified its blockade of the Gaza Strip when it announced a "total blockade", blocking the entry of food, water, medicine, fuel and
Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)
Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023–present)
1942 British film by Charles Frend
the Ministry of Economic Warfare. The film illustrates thr British strategy of the economic blockade of Nazi Germany through a series of scenes and sketches
The_Big_Blockade
Cancelled dreadnought battleship of the Greek Navy
British blockade of Germany. Bethlehem sold the guns to Britain instead and they were used to arm the four Abercrombie-class monitors. The hull of the ship
Greek_battleship_Salamis
Battle of the Second Schleswig War
Wilhelm von Tegetthoff. The action came about as a result of the Danish blockade of German ports in the North Sea; the Austrians had sent two steam frigates
Battle_of_Heligoland_(1864)
essential supplies. The Allied blockade had done its job. Germany responded with its own submarine-based blockade of Britain. When the large passenger
Diplomatic history of World War I
Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_I
Naval operation during the Second World War
from 26 to 27 December 1943, to intercept blockade-runners sailing to German-occupied France through the Bay of Biscay. Operations Barrier and Freecar,
Operation_Stonewall
Naval Blockade on Zanzibar (1888–1889)
The blockade of Zanzibar (1888–1889) was a joint international operation led by Germany, with the support of the British Empire, Portugal and Italy, against
Blockade_of_Zanzibar
warfare was instituted in 1915 in response to the British naval blockade of Germany. Prize rules, which were codified under the 1907 Hague Convention—such
German_war_crimes
1967–70 event in the Nigerian Civil War
The blockade of Biafra by the Nigerian federal government during the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) resulted in a famine that led to at least a million
Blockade_of_Biafra
Strategic military dilemma
rearmament had matured and the blockade of Germany had undermined its war economy, then in 1941 or 1942, resume the firepower warfare of 1918. Scott Sagan has
Cult_of_the_offensive
German merchant submarine
blockade-breaking German merchant submarine of World War I. Developed with private funds and operated by the Norddeutscher Lloyd Line, she was one of
German_submarine_Bremen
Mass starvation plan by Nazi Germany
of reductions in food consumption on civilian morale. They believed the Allied blockade of Germany during the First World War had been a key cause of
Hunger_Plan
1918 political event in Germany
proclamation of the republic in Germany took place in Berlin twice on 9 November 1918, the first at the Reichstag building by Philipp Scheidemann of the Majority
Proclamation of the republic in Germany
Proclamation_of_the_republic_in_Germany
Award
The Blockade Runner Badge or the Badge for Blockade Runners (German: Abzeichen für Blockadebrecher) was a World War II German military decoration awarded
Blockade_Runner_Badge
Conflict in which all of a nation's resources are deployed
Thunder and Linebacker II) Blockade and besieging of population centres, as with the Allied blockade of Germany, the Siege of Leningrad during the First
Total_war
Geopolitical and economic crisis
the US simultaneously blockaded Iranian ports. Until the war's start, about 25% of the world's seaborne oil trade and 20% of the world's liquefied natural
2026_Strait_of_Hormuz_crisis
mobilization of labour, industry, and agriculture leading to economic failure. It deals with economic warfare such as the blockade of Germany, and with some
Economic history of World War I
Economic_history_of_World_War_I
Royal Navy Iron Duke-class battleship
duration of the war, primarily patrolling the northern end of the North Sea to enforce the blockade of Germany. She saw action at the Battle of Jutland
HMS_Marlborough_(1912)
Nazi plan for the genocide of Jews
against Britain and the Allied naval blockade of Germany. Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler became the chief architect of a new plan, which came to be called
Final_Solution
British Royal Navy operations in First and Second World Wars
was a naval force of the Royal Navy during the world wars. The Northern Patrol was part of the British "distant" Blockade of Germany (1914–1919). Its main
Northern_Patrol
War from 1870 to 1871
Mobile. As the autumn storms of the North Sea forced the return of more of the French ships, the blockade of the north German ports diminished and in September
Franco-Prussian_War
Iron Duke-class battleship of the British Royal Navy
northern North Sea to enforce the blockade of Germany, along with frequent training exercises and gunnery drills. Emperor of India was in dock for a refit
HMS_Emperor_of_India
Economic relations between Nazi Germany and Soviet Union
Britain realized that this blockade would be less effective than their blockade of Germany in World War I because of current German allies Italy and the Soviet
German–Soviet economic relations (1934–1941)
German–Soviet_economic_relations_(1934–1941)
Prolonged naval conflict between German submarines and the Allied navies during WWI
warships of the British Grand Fleet, which were, along with other Entente powers, enforcing the Naval Blockade of Germany. When the blockade extended
Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I
Atlantic_U-boat_campaign_of_World_War_I
German state from 1933 to 1945
the start of the war, a British blockade on shipments to Germany affected its economy. Germany was particularly dependent on foreign supplies of oil, coal
Nazi_Germany
Maritime arm of the French Armed Forces
effective blockade of Germany, but events on land proceeded at such a rapid pace that it was superfluous. Isolated engagements between French and German ships
French_Navy
Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 to 1948
their blockade of Germany, intercepting all Dutch ships and severely restricting Dutch imports to ensure that goods could not be passed on to Germany. Furthermore
Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands
British government position during World War 2
Frederick Leith-Ross 1939–1942 Henry Moore, 10th Earl of Drogheda 1942–1945 Blockade of Germany (1939–45) Economic warfare "Permanent secretaries and
Minister_of_Economic_Warfare
from the blockade became apparent very slowly because Germany and its allies controlled extensive farmlands and raw materials on the continent of Europe
American entry into World War I
American_entry_into_World_War_I
1919 failed Communist takeover in Berlin, Germany
from the 5th to 12th of January 1919. It occurred in connection with the German revolution that broke out just before the end of World War I. The uprising
Spartacist_uprising
1918 renunciation of the throne of Prussia and the German Empire
abdication of Wilhelm II as German Emperor and King of Prussia was declared unilaterally by Chancellor Max von Baden at the height of the German revolution
Abdication_of_Wilhelm_II
Broad agreement
pact helped Germany to surmount the British blockade of Germany. The Soviet Union became a major supplier of vital materials to Germany, including oil
German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement
German–Soviet_Border_and_Commercial_Agreement
Credit agreement between Nazi Germany and Soviet Union
isolated Japan." After the German invasion of Poland, to administer the economic blockade of Germany, the British Ministry of Economic Warfare was established
German–Soviet Credit Agreement (1939)
German–Soviet_Credit_Agreement_(1939)
Post-World War II occupation of Germany
imposition of the Berlin Blockade that was enforced from June 1948 to May 1949. The three western zones were merged to form the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)
Allied-occupied_Germany
1939–45 aerial campaign of World War II
longest in the history of aerial warfare and with the Battle of the Atlantic and the Allied naval blockade of Germany was the longest of the war. The Luftwaffe
Defence_of_the_Reich
Town-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy
outbreak of the Second World War, Belfast was initially part of the British naval blockade against Germany. In November 1939, Belfast triggered a German mine
HMS_Belfast
Naval rules of engagement against merchant ships
beginning of 1915 Germany declared a war zone around the British Isles in retaliation for the British blockade of Germany, in contravention of the cruiser
Cruiser_rules
1647-1648 siege of the Thirty Years' War
The Blockade of Eger was an attempt to blockade the Swedish garrison of Eger conducted by Jan van der Croon. The blockade would be broken by a Swedish
Blockade_of_Eger
French Navy's Gloire-class of armored cruisers
enforce the blockade of Germany while Condé was tasked to hunt down German commerce raiders in the Western Atlantic. Once the defenses of the Channel
Gloire-class_cruiser
German state from 1871 to 1918
Allied blockade preventing food imports. Spanish flu arrived in Germany with returning troops. Around 287,000 people died of Spanish flu in Germany between
German_Empire
Economic downturn from 1929 to 1935
was severely affected by the Allied blockade of Germany, fell to 57% of its pre-war value and per capita GDP to 73% of the 1913 level. Prior to 1923, unemployment
Great_Depression_in_Germany
Ongoing transportation and economic embargo against Armenia
The joint Turkish–Azeri blockade of Armenia is an ongoing transportation and economic embargo against Armenia which has significantly impacted its economy
Turkish–Azeri blockade of Armenia
Turkish–Azeri_blockade_of_Armenia
World War I maritime disaster
against the ships of the United Kingdom had been announced by Germany following the Allied powers' implementation of a naval blockade against it and the
Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania
Blockade by the Axis powers, 1941–1944
The Siege of Leningrad was a military blockade undertaken by the Axis powers against the city of Leningrad (present-day Saint Petersburg) in the Soviet
Siege_of_Leningrad
Caloric intake below what is needed to maintain an organism's life
method of warfare, however, it has been outlawed and is now a crime. Notable incidents in history include the blockade of Germany, blockade of Biafra
Starvation
1989–1991 unification process of Germany
restored the act of the ACC in 1971) and blockade West Berlin (after the introduction of a new currency in West Germany on 20 June of the same year) from
German_reunification
Military operation during Salpeter War
The Blockade of Callao was a military operation that occurred during the War of the Pacific or the Salitre War and that consisted of the Chilean squadron
Blockade_of_Callao
World War I military campaign
1914, most of Belgium was under German occupation and Allied naval blockade. A German military administration was established on 26 August 1914, to rule
German invasion of Belgium (1914)
German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)
German admiral (1887–1945)
1945) was a German admiral and the chief of the Abwehr (the German military-intelligence service) from 1935 to 1944. Initially a supporter of Adolf Hitler
Wilhelm_Canaris
Body of water between Great Britain and France
of Starvation": The Politics, Propaganda, and Morality of Britain's Hunger Blockade of Germany, 1914-1919". Archived from the original on 12 June 2023
English_Channel
Navy of the German Empire between 1871 and 1919
British Grand Fleet sufficiently to threaten the blockade of Germany. Operation Albion, including Battle of Moon Sound (Vice Admiral Ehrhard Schmidt) – 1917
Imperial_German_Navy
Battle during First Balkan War
In the Blockade of Montenegro (10 April – 14 May 1913) a multi-national naval squadron summoned by the Great Powers and under the command of Sir Cecil
Blockade_of_Montenegro
Bilateral relations
helped Germany to surmount a British blockade of Germany. In the first year, Germany received one million tons of cereals, half a million tons of wheat
Germany–Soviet Union relations (1918–1941)
Germany–Soviet_Union_relations_(1918–1941)
BLOCKADE OF-GERMANY
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BLOCKADE OF-GERMANY