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Naval blockade of the Confederacy in the U.S. Civil War
The Union blockade in the American Civil War was a naval strategy by the United States to prevent the Confederacy from trading. The blockade was proclaimed
Union_blockade
Seagoing steam ships
During the American Civil War, blockade runners were used to get supplies through the Union blockade of the Confederate States of America that extended
Blockade runners of the American Civil War
Blockade_runners_of_the_American_Civil_War
Prevention of trade or movement by force
which are legal barriers to trade, a blockade is physical. Blockades are distinct from sieges in that a blockade is usually directed at an entire country
Blockade
Merchant ship used to evade a naval blockade
confronting the blockaders in order to break the blockade. Blockade runners usually transport cargo, for example bringing food or arms to a blockaded city. They
Blockade_runner
2026 Iran war military action
United States imposed a naval blockade on Iran following the failure of the Islamabad Talks to end the 2026 Iran war. The blockade began 10:00 EDT and applied
2026 United States naval blockade of Iran
2026_United_States_naval_blockade_of_Iran
1861–1865 conflict in the United States
promote him to command of all Union armies in 1864. Inflicting an ever-tightening naval blockade of Confederate ports, the Union marshaled resources and manpower
American_Civil_War
Unrecognized state in North America (1861–1865)
Volumes of material have been written about the Blockade runners who evaded Union ships on blockade patrol, usually at night, and who moved cargo and
Confederate_States_of_America
Battle in the American Civil War
Cumberland and a small number of supporting ships were enforcing the Union blockade of the southeastern Virginia ports at the southern end of the Chesapeake
Battle_of_Sewell's_Point
Military strategy of the American Civil War
emphasized a Union blockade of the Southern ports and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two. Because the blockade would be
Anaconda_Plan
Submarine of the Confederate States of America
United States Navy screw sloop-of-war Housatonic, which had been on Union blockade duty in Charleston's outer harbor. Hunley did not survive the attack
H._L._Hunley
Canadian veteran of the American Civil War (1835–1915)
for one year in the Union navy in the place of a drafted US citizen. For most of that year, he was deployed in the Union blockade of the Confederate coastline
Benjamin_Jackson_(sailor)
commissioned privateers and used neutral ships as runners against the Union blockade of its ports. The Lincoln administration attempted to join the Paris
Diplomacy of the American Civil War
Diplomacy_of_the_American_Civil_War
American engineer (1823–1863)
response to the Union blockade of southern ports, the Confederate government offered bounties of up to $50,000 to anyone who sank a Union warship. In the
Horace_Lawson_Hunley
Civil War Confederate ironclad
of Hampton Roads began on March 8, 1862, when Virginia engaged the blockading Union fleet. Despite an all-out effort to complete her, the new ironclad
CSS_Virginia
Restriction of movement and trade by Israel and Egypt (2007–present)
blockade on the movement of goods and people in and out of the Gaza Strip. In the same year, Egypt closed the Rafah border crossing. The blockade's stated
Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip
Gunboat of the United States Navy
other waterways of the Confederate States of America enforcing the Union blockade on the South. Peosta, a side-wheel wooden gunboat, was built in 1857
USS_Peosta
Matamoros became the primary exporters of Southern cotton, bypassing the Union blockade. Domestically the state government struggled to combat Indian raids
Texas in the American Civil War
Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War
1862 battle of the American Civil War
The battle was a part of the effort of the Confederacy to break the Union blockade, which had cut off Virginia's largest cities and major industrial centers
Battle_of_Hampton_Roads
Mouth of the main stem of the Mississippi River
for a large Union blockade of the Confederacy, and included plans to control the Mississippi River. This began in 1861 with a Union blockade stationed at
Head_of_Passes
American Civil War warship type
concentrated its efforts on casemate ironclads as a means to harass the Union blockade of their ports, but this was a choice dictated by available technology
Casemate_ironclad
1861 U.S./U.K. diplomatic incident
challenge to the Union blockade. From the perspective of the South, British policy amounted to de facto support for the Union blockade and caused great
Trent_Affair
Means of financing American Civil War
of the Confederacy), as well as the blockade of Southern ports, declared in April 1861 and enforced by the Union Navy, the revenue from taxes on international
Confederate_war_finance
British and American casemate ironclad gunboat
served in the Confederate and Union Navies during the American Civil War. She was converted from a British-built blockade runner named Fingal by the Confederacy
USS_Atlanta_(1861)
Confederate blockade runner
steamship and blockade runner built at Greenwich, Kent, England in 1863, designed for outrunning and evading the Union ships on blockade patrol around
SS_Syren
Town in South Carolina, United States
important base of operations for the Union blockade of the Southern ports during the Civil War. Once the island fell to Union troops, hundreds of ex-slaves flocked
Hilton Head Island, South Carolina
Hilton_Head_Island,_South_Carolina
Gunboat of the United States Navy
by the Union side wheel steamer USS Bienville on 24 May 1862 northeast of Charleston Bar while attempting to break through the Federal blockade of Charleston
USS_Stettin
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipient (1840-?)
Medal of Honor. He distinguished himself, during the South Atlantic Blockade, by the Union Naval forces, during the American Civil War. Ortega (birth name
John_Ortega
American military leader (1816–1886)
attempted to forge a supply route from California, in defiance of the Union blockade of the Atlantic and Gulf ports, while also aiming to appropriate the
Henry_Hopkins_Sibley
US federal government from 1861 to 1865
tax revenue. The Confederacy was denied this source of revenue by the Union blockade. The U.S. government owned vast amounts of fertile land (mostly from
Union_(American_Civil_War)
Per-unit costs favor high-grade goods
(2): 292–298. doi:10.1093/ei/cbg008. Ekelund, Robert B. (1992). "The Union Blockade and Demoralization of the South: Relative Prices in the Confederacy"
Alchian–Allen_effect
Grapeshot revolver/service pistol
response to these criticisms, but too few of them managed to get past the Union blockade of the South during the Civil War to be of any actual use. Design Patent
LeMat_Revolver
Gunboat of the United States Navy
the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a gunboat and patrol vessel in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate
USS_Britannia
19th century American screw sloops
warships. Ordered soon after the outbreak of war, the ships joined the Union Blockade, where two of them were sunk. The remaining duo remained in service
Ossipee-class_sloop
US Navy gunboats of the American Civil War
water throughout the Confederate States and were used to maintain the Union Blockade. They were the most produced class of warships built in the United States
Sassacus-class_gunboat
Steam cruiser of the Confederate States Navy
Confederate merchant and renamed Gibraltar, successfully running the Union blockade in 1863 and surviving the war. The wood-hulled merchant steamship Habana
CSS_Sumter
19th-century American steamship
1861, which briefly served as a Confederate blockade runner before being captured and taken into the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was
USS_Memphis_(1862)
Gunboat of the United States Navy
by the Union Navy during the start of the American Civil War. Dragon's primary assignment was to participate as a gunboat in the Union blockade of the
USS_Dragon
Battle of the American Civil War
also known as the “mosquito fleet” in the local media, on ships of the Union blockade squadron anchored at the Head of Passes. The mosquito fleet deployed
Battle_of_the_Head_of_Passes
Wilmington, in defiance of the Union blockade. Fighting occurred sporadically in the state from September 1861, when Union Major General Ambrose Burnside
North Carolina in the American Civil War
North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War
Swiss-American agent of the Confederate States of America in England (1833–1887)
cotton shortages for the industrial workers in Britain, caused by the Union blockade of Southern ports. Hotze was the son of Rudolph Hotze, a captain in
Henry_Hotze
USSR blockade of Berlin (1948–1949)
The Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949) was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of
Berlin_Blockade
arrived, they tried to convince British leaders that the Union blockade was an illegal paper blockade. Historian Charles Hubbard writes: Davis left foreign
United Kingdom and the American Civil War
United_Kingdom_and_the_American_Civil_War
On 9 October 2023, Israel intensified its blockade of the Gaza Strip when it announced a "total blockade", blocking the entry of food, water, medicine
Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)
Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023–present)
the ensuing American Civil War. The East Gulf Blockade Squadron, established on the island by the Union navy to restrict supplies reaching Confederate
History_of_Key_West
was a major figure of the British merchants' effort to circumvent the Union blockade of exports from the Confederate states during the American civil war
Edward_Lawrence_(merchant)
Historic district in North Carolina, United States
Fear River to protect the port of Wilmington from the Union blockade. During the Civil War, blockade runners brought supplies such as iron, guns, and ammunition
Fort Anderson (North Carolina)
Fort_Anderson_(North_Carolina)
American Civil War. She was the last blockade runner to successfully escape from a Southern port before the Union blockade completely closed off this vital
CSS_Lark
United States Navy admiral
operations. In the American Civil War, he played a major role in making the Union blockade effective, but was controversially blamed for the failed attack on Charleston
Samuel_Francis_Du_Pont
remained open (with Union blockades, but guarded by forts, floating mines, and obstacle paths) for almost 4 years using blockade runners, until the Battle
Alabama in the American Civil War
Alabama_in_the_American_Civil_War
American naval officer (1820–1901)
of midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy and commanded a ship in the Union blockade of southern ports. Although he never married, he had many relatives
Thomas_G._Corbin
Gunboat of the United States Navy
originally the blockade runner Advance captured by the Union Navy during the latter part of the American Civil War. She was purchased by the Union Navy and
USS_Advance_(1862)
Action of the American Civil War
and prevented any subsequent Union advance from seaward during the war. Coastal rail connections were extended to blockaded Charleston, South Carolina.
Siege_of_Fort_Pulaski
Gunboat of the United States Navy
a powerful 20-pounder long rifle, and assigned to help enforce the Union blockade of the ports of the Confederate States of America. Quaker City—a sidewheel
USS_Quaker_City
Jefferson Davis, who wanted to deploy them on other battlefronts. When the Union blockade prevented Georgia from exporting its plentiful cotton in exchange for
Georgia in the American Civil War
Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War
Gunboat of the United States Navy
acquired by the Union Navy during the first year of the American Civil War and outfitted as a gunboat and assigned to the Union blockade of the Confederate
USS_General_Putnam_(1857)
Part of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
The blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh was an event in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The region was disputed between Azerbaijan and the breakaway Republic of
Blockade_of_Nagorno-Karabakh
1990 geopolitical event
Soviet Union imposed an economic blockade on Lithuania between 18 April and 2 July 1990. By the late 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev, leader of the Soviet Union, embarked
Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania
Soviet_economic_blockade_of_Lithuania
Gunboat of the United States Navy
which were inflicting serious damage to Union commercial shipping. Later she served as part of the Union blockade of the Confederacy, and, post war, she
USS_Vanderbilt
US-UK disagreement over naval affairs
British blockade runners. British blockade runners played a pivotal role in sustaining the war effort of the Confederacy, smuggling through the Union blockade
Alabama_Claims
1863 American Confederate wooden gunboat
Maury's plan to produce a large number of small vessels to swamp the Union blockade, Isondiga was one of only two or three of these Maury gunboats actually
CSS_Isondiga
Battle of the American Civil War
Confederate States amid the Union blockade of ports along the Gulf of Mexico. On March 18, 1864, Major Alfred F. Holt led a Union force from Brownsville,
Battle_of_Laredo
U.S. military rations and civilian food during the American Civil War
often the only thing left to eat in the last years of the war as the Union blockade took hold. Coffee in particular was sorely missed by Confederate soldiers
Foods of the American Civil War
Foods_of_the_American_Civil_War
Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 4500. Liverpool. 14 July 1862. "Running the Blockade at Charleston". Preston Chronicle. No. 2654. Preston. 12 July 1862. "Mercantile
List of shipwrecks in June 1862
List_of_shipwrecks_in_June_1862
Confederate Army general (1818–1883)
Gorgas managed to keep the Confederate armies well supplied, despite the Union blockade, and even though the South had hardly any munitions industry – and,
Josiah_Gorgas
British businessman (1840–1902)
century. During the American Civil War, he captained ships that ran the Union blockade of Confederate ports. From the War's end to his death, he was the New
F._W._J._Hurst
to port towns had ceased due to the cotton export policy and the Union naval blockade, lucrative government contracts were given to rail operators with
Confederate railroads in the American Civil War
Confederate_railroads_in_the_American_Civil_War
Military unit
Atlantic Blockading Squadron was a unit of the United States Navy created in the early days of the American Civil War to enforce the Union blockade of the
Atlantic_Blockading_Squadron
Commander of the Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley
Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley during her successful mission to sink the Union blockading ship USS Housatonic off Charleston, South Carolina. Although Dixon's
George_E._Dixon
Union Navy ship
purchased by the Union Navy at the beginning of the American Civil War. She was outfitted as a gunboat and assigned to the Union blockade of the ports and
USS_Hatteras_(1861)
(2003). Masters of the Shoals: Tales of the Cape Fear Pilots Who Ran the Union Blockade, Da Capo Press. p. 188. ISBN 0-306-81280-0. Url Merli, Frank J. (1970)
Bibliography of early United States naval history
Bibliography_of_early_United_States_naval_history
Cargo ship of the United States Navy
vessel was assigned to the West Gulf Blockading Squadron as a supply and communications vessel for the Union blockade in the Gulf of Mexico. Arkansas took
USS_Arkansas_(1863)
Gunboat of the United States Navy
Union Navy at the start of the American Civil War, outfitted with heavy guns and a crew of 480, and was assigned as a gunboat in the Union blockade of
USS_Santee_(1855)
Short story by Jules Verne
a British merchant captain named James Playfair who must break the Union blockade of Charleston harbor in South Carolina to trade supplies for cotton
The_Blockade_Runners
Gunboat of the United States Navy
of 125 and her powerful guns, she was assigned as a gunboat on the Union blockade of the Confederate States of America. Originally named Cinemaugh, she
USS_Conemaugh_(1862)
United States Secretary of the Navy from 1861 to 1869
supporting Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 election. Although opposed to the Union blockade of Southern ports, he duly carried out his part of the Anaconda Plan
Gideon_Welles
Group created by the US Navy Department during American Civil War
The Blockade Strategy Board, also known as the Commission of Conference, or the Du Pont Board, was a strategy group created by the United States Navy Department
Blockade_Strategy_Board
American Confederate spy (1844–1900)
travel to England, but she was intercepted by a Union blockade and sent to Canada where she met Union naval officer Samuel Wylde Hardinge. The two married
Belle_Boyd
Town in Tennessee, US
of the Knoxville campaign before Confederate forces surrendered to a Union blockade in nearby Blaine. In the early 20th century, Bean Station experienced
Bean_Station,_Tennessee
Gunboat of the United States Navy
by the Union Navy during the beginning of the American Civil War. She was outfitted as a gunboat with heavy guns and used in the Union blockade of the
USS_Albatross_(1858)
Gunboat of the United States Navy
USS T. A. Ward was a 284-ton schooner was purchased by the Union Navy during the Union blockade of the Confederate States of America during the American
USS_T._A._Ward
also smuggled in and out by blockade-running ships—which, however, were often captured or destroyed by Union ships on blockade patrol. Because Confederate
Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States
Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Confederate_States
Gunboat of the United States Navy
USS Gertrude was the British blockade-running steamship Gertrude captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was placed in service by
USS_Gertrude
Cotton shipper and railroad executive
who served as Mayor of Houston, Texas. His shipping enterprise ran Union blockades during the American Civil War. He was born September 26, 1813, in Belleville
Cornelius_Ennis
Entrance to Chesapeake Bay, US East Coast
was fought in Hampton Roads. The Virginia was attempting to break the Union blockade that was strangling the Confederacy. During World War I, additional
Virginia_Capes
American screw sloops (1862–1883)
Confederates from the open ocean, and served various roles in supporting the Union Blockade, bombarding forts, or searching for commerce raiders. The ships were
Sacramento-class_sloop
American naval officer (1802–1862)
forces and captured 16 Confederate ships in the early stages of the Union blockade. He served as commander of the Philadelphia Navy Yard from October 1861
Garrett_J._Pendergrast
Ongoing transportation and economic embargo against Armenia
The joint Turkish–Azeri blockade of Armenia is an ongoing transportation and economic embargo against Armenia which has significantly impacted its economy
Turkish–Azeri blockade of Armenia
Turkish–Azeri_blockade_of_Armenia
Gunboat of the United States Navy
captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a gunboat in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate
USS_Adela
Cargo ship of the United States Navy
sloop-of-war that served in the Union Navy during the American Civil War. Her task was to participate in the Union blockade of the Confederate States of
USS_Monongahela_(1862)
Gunboat of the United States Navy
blockade runner, and aided in the capture of a schooner and a steamer in the same area. In addition to blockading, Canandaigua cooperated with Union Army
USS_Canandaigua_(1862)
The list of blockades informs about blockades that were carried out either on land, or in the maritime and air spaces in the effort to defeat opponents
List_of_blockades
Gunboat of the United States Navy
mostly large, deep-draft, oceangoing vessels. The establishment of the Union blockade required small, fast, shallow-draft vessels like the Samuel Rotan for
USS_Samuel_Rotan
Series of Christian revivals
were distributed among the soldiers. Summers suggests that due to the Union blockade, the soldiers had little else to read. According to the Confederate
Confederate States Army revival
Confederate_States_Army_revival
Gunboat of the United States Navy
acquired by the Union Navy during the beginning of the American Civil War. She was outfitted as a gunboat and used in the Union blockade of the waterways
USS_Ceres
Confederate States Navy ships
Confederates continued building torpedo boats with hopes of breaking the Union blockade. Four vessels of the class – CSS Hornet, CSS Wasp, CSS Squib, and CSS
Squib-class_torpedo_boat
Barrier islands in North Carolina and Virginia, United States
fierce battle with troops from Virginia. During the Civil War, the Union wanted to blockade Confederate ports to prevent the South from getting revenue from
Outer_Banks
Ghost town in Texas, US
the Union blockade. Fort Semmes was established at the time, and was commanded by Benjamin F. Neal to fire artillery at invading Union soldiers. Union forces
Aransas,_Texas
Confederate States Army general (1807–1870)
South's most famous Confederate blockade runners, successfully making more than twenty runs through the Union blockade. The Mississippi River steamboat
Robert_E._Lee
Geopolitical and economic crisis
mines in the strait. From 13 April to 29 May 2026, the US simultaneously blockaded Iranian ports. Until the war's start, about 25% of the world's seaborne
2026_Strait_of_Hormuz_crisis
Gunboat of the United States Navy
purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. Rachel Seaman was armed as a gunboat and assigned to the Union blockade of the ports and waterways
USS_Rachel_Seaman
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