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Function that takes two inputs
a binary function (also called bivariate function, or function of two variables) is a function that takes two inputs. Precisely stated, a function f {\displaystyle
Binary_function
Mathematical operation with two operands
is an operation of arity two. More specifically, a binary operation on a set is a binary function that maps every pair of elements of the set to an element
Binary_operation
Astronomic function
In astronomy, the binary mass function or simply mass function is a function that constrains the mass of the unseen component (typically a star or exoplanet)
Binary_mass_function
Entropy of a process with only two probable values
In information theory, the binary entropy function, denoted H ( p ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {H} (p)} or H b ( p ) {\displaystyle \operatorname
Binary_entropy_function
Exponent of a power of two
2 and is the inverse function of the power of two function. There are several alternatives to the log2 notation for the binary logarithm; see the Notation
Binary_logarithm
Search algorithm finding the position of a target value within a sorted array
In computer science, binary search, also known as half-interval search, logarithmic search, or binary chop, is a search algorithm that finds the position
Binary_search
Number of arguments required by a function
{\displaystyle f(x)=2x} A binary function takes two arguments. Example: f ( x , y ) = 2 x y {\displaystyle f(x,y)=2xy} A ternary function takes three arguments
Arity
Input to a mathematical function
of a function is a value provided to obtain the function's result. It is also called an independent variable. For example, the binary function f ( x
Argument_of_a_function
Interface to software defined in terms of in-process, machine code access
An application binary interface (ABI) is an interface exposed by software that is defined for in-process machine code access. Often, the exposing software
Application_binary_interface
Repeated application of an operation to a sequence
In mathematics, an iterated binary operation is an extension of a binary operation on a set S to a function on finite sequences of elements of S through
Iterated_binary_operation
Data structure for Boolean functions
computer science, a binary decision diagram (BDD) or branching program is a data structure that is used to represent a Boolean function. On a more abstract
Binary_decision_diagram
Topics referred to by the same term
each digit Binary function, a function that takes two arguments Binary operation, a mathematical operation that takes two arguments Binary relation, a
Binary
Operation on mathematical functions
(y,z)\in S)\}} . Considering a function as a special case of a binary relation (namely functional relations), function composition satisfies the definition
Function_composition
Notion in supervised machine learning
be extended to classes of binary functions. It is defined as the cardinality of the largest set of points that the function class can shatter—that is
Vapnik–Chervonenkis_dimension
Components of a mathematical or logical formula
(x+1)*(x+1)} is a term built from the constant 1, the variable x, and the binary function symbols + {\displaystyle +} and ∗ {\displaystyle *} ; it is
Term_(logic)
Function that takes one argument
particular power or base, and hyperbolic functions. Arity Binary function Binary operation Iterated binary operation Ternary operation Unary operation
Unary_function
System of arithmetic in proof theory
complexity classes have similar properties to EFA: One can omit the binary function symbol exp from the language, by taking Robinson arithmetic together
Elementary function arithmetic
Elementary_function_arithmetic
Combinational logic circuit
are forced to their inactive states. Depending on its function, a binary decoder will convert binary information from n input signals to as many as 2n unique
Binary_decoder
Function in logic
functions possess properties which may be expressed in the theorems containing the corresponding connective. Some of those properties that a binary truth
Truth_function
Mapping of mathematical formulas to a particular meaning
elements A {\displaystyle A} together with two binary functions, that can be enhanced with a unary function, and two distinguished elements; but there is
Structure (mathematical logic)
Structure_(mathematical_logic)
Statistical model for a binary dependent variable
to make a binary classifier. Analogous linear models for binary variables with a different sigmoid function instead of the logistic function (to convert
Logistic_regression
Type of logical system
groups has one constant symbol 0, one unary function symbol −, one binary function symbol +, and one binary relation symbol ≤. Then: The expressions +(x
First-order_logic
C++ standard library header for functional programming utilities
case. A unary function whose return type is bool is called a predicate, and a binary function whose return type is bool is called a binary predicate. In
Functional_(C++)
Mathematical operation with only one operand
binary operations, which use two operands. An example is any function f : A → A {\displaystyle f:A\rightarrow A} , where A is a set; the function
Unary_operation
Family of higher-order functions
by the combining function. If it is the second argument that must be of the same type as the result, then f could be seen as a binary operation that associates
Fold_(higher-order_function)
Symbols requiring interpretation
For example a signature could consist of a binary function symbol +, a constant symbol 0, and a binary relation symbol <. Structures over a signature
Non-logical_symbol
Theories in mathematical logic
signature of equivalence relations has one binary infix relation symbol ~, no constants, and no functions. Equivalence relations satisfy the axioms: Reflexive
List_of_first-order_theories
Limited form of tree data structure
In computer science, a binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children, referred to as the left child and the right child
Binary_tree
Representation of binary data as text
A binary-to-text encoding is a data encoding scheme that represents binary data as plain text. Generally, the binary data consists of a sequence of arbitrary
Binary-to-text_encoding
System of two stars orbiting each other
A binary star or binary star system is a system of two stars that are gravitationally bound to and in orbit around each other. Binary stars are among
Binary_star
Continuous function that is not absolutely continuous
fraction expansion to a binary expansion, just as the Cantor function can be constructed by passing from a ternary expansion to a binary expansion. The question
Cantor_function
Association of one output to each input
above definition may be formalized as follows. A function with domain X and codomain Y is a binary relation R between X and Y that satisfies the two
Function_(mathematics)
Topics referred to by the same term
Connacht Binary function, or law of composition Function composition, an operation on mathematical functions that yields a single function Composition
Composition
Relationship between elements of two sets
function may be defined as a binary relation that meets additional constraints. Binary relations are also heavily used in computer science. A binary relation
Binary_relation
Algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers
perceptron is an algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers. A binary classifier is a function that can decide whether or not an input, represented
Perceptron
Problem in computer science
the required function h. As in the sketch of the concept, given any total computable binary function f, the following partial function g is also computable
Halting_problem
Evaluation of a function on its argument
usual signature of set theory, but may be added to the theory as a binary function symbol ∙ ( ∙ ) {\displaystyle \bullet (\bullet )} if desired without
Function_application
True when either but not both inputs are true
yes Distributivity: The exclusive or does not distribute over any binary function (not even itself), but logical conjunction distributes over exclusive
Exclusive_or
Generalization of binary functions
analysis of Boolean functions". ECCC. ISSN 1433-8092. Rother, C.; Kolmogorov, V.; Lempitsky, V.; Szummer, M. (2007). Optimizing Binary MRFs via Extended
Pseudo-Boolean_function
Gun modification for faster firing
firearm is replaced by the binary trigger assembly. As in all semi-automatic firearms, only one round is fired within a single function of the trigger. This
Binary_trigger
Number of nonzero symbols in a string
to 1, or the digit sum of the binary representation of a given number and the ℓ₁ norm of a bit vector. In this binary case, it is also called the population
Hamming_weight
Mathematical function such that every output has at least one input
surjective function (also known as surjection, or onto function /ˈɒn.tuː/) is a function f such that, for every element y of the function's codomain, there
Surjective_function
encountered mathematical objects include numbers, expressions, shapes, functions, and sets. Mathematical objects can be very complex; for example, theorems
Mathematical_object
Reverse-engineering platform developed by Vector 35 Inc
Binary Ninja is a reverse-engineering platform developed by Vector 35 Inc. It allows users to disassemble a binary file and visualize the disassembly in
Binary_Ninja
Algebraic structure in linear algebra
space over a field F is a non-empty set V together with a binary operation and a binary function that satisfy the eight axioms listed below. In this context
Vector_space
Variant of heap data structure
binary heap is a heap data structure that takes the form of a binary tree. Binary heaps are a common way of implementing priority queues. The binary heap
Binary_heap
Mathematical function on ordinals
[n]}\,.} To build the Veblen function of a finite number of arguments (finitary Veblen function), let the binary function φ ( α , γ ) {\displaystyle \varphi
Veblen_function
Classification of sex and gender into two opposite forms
The gender binary (also known as gender binarism) is the classification of gender into two distinct forms of masculine and feminine, whether by social
Gender_binary
Function that measures dissimilarity between two probability distributions
information geometry, a divergence is a kind of statistical distance: a binary function which establishes the separation from one probability distribution
Divergence_(statistics)
Mathematical operation that combines three elements to produce another element
Unary operation Unary function Binary operation Iterated binary operation Binary function Median algebra or Majority function Ternary conditional operator
Ternary_operation
Combined executable file for multiple processor types or operating systems
A fat binary (or multiarchitecture binary) is a computer executable program or library which has been expanded (or "fattened") with code native to multiple
Fat_binary
Financial exotic option with an all-or-nothing payoff
binary option is a financial exotic option in which the payoff is either some fixed monetary amount or nothing at all. The two main types of binary options
Binary_option
Use of functions that call themselves
requires a wrapper function to handle the case when the tree itself is empty (root node is Null). In the case of a perfect binary tree of height h, there
Recursion_(computer_science)
A binary-safe function treats its input as a raw stream of bytes and ignores every textual aspect it may have. The term is mainly used in the PHP programming
Binary-safe
Function in statistics
the binomial distribution . The logit function is the negative of the derivative of the binary entropy function. The logit is also central to the probabilistic
Logit
Replacing a number with a simpler value
it often means the binary numeral system (m is an integer times a power of 2). The abstract single-argument "round()" function that returns an integer
Rounding
Function with a smaller domain
needed] The domain anti-restriction (or domain subtraction) of a function or binary relation R {\displaystyle R} (with domain E {\displaystyle E} and
Restriction_(mathematics)
Random search tree data structure
binary search tree are two closely related forms of binary search tree data structures that maintain a dynamic set of ordered keys and allow binary searches
Treap
Combinatorial optimization problem
define the function f Q : B n → R {\displaystyle f_{\boldsymbol {Q}}:\mathbb {B} ^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb {R} } that assigns a value to each binary vector
Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization
Quadratic_unconstrained_binary_optimization
Order-preserving mathematical function
In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. This concept
Monotonic_function
Function with unusual fractal properties
question-mark function involves the correspondence between two different ways of representing real numbers using finite or infinite binary sequences. Most
Minkowski's question-mark function
Minkowski's_question-mark_function
Computational problem with high complexity
theory of any term algebra in a signature containing at least one binary function symbol finite containment problem (FCP): Given two VAS with finite
Nonelementary_problem
group extension problem. It consists of a set of automorphisms and a binary function on a group satisfying certain condition (so-called cocycle condition)
Factor_system
Property that assigns truth values to k-tuples of individuals
nullary function is a unary relation. Binary (2-ary) relations are the most commonly studied form of finitary relations. Homogeneous binary relations
Finitary_relation
Statistical estimation method
regression analysis, a binary regression estimates a relationship between one or more explanatory variables and a single output binary variable. Generally
Binary_regression
Relation of degree three
also be referred to as 3-adic, 3-ary, 3-dimensional, or 3-place. Just as a binary relation is formally defined as a set of pairs, i.e. a subset of the Cartesian
Ternary_relation
Mathematical function, inverse of an exponential function
however, use this term for an exponential function.) For example, any natural number N can be represented in binary form in no more than log2 N + 1 bits.
Logarithm
Formalism for expressing dynamical domains in first-order logic
difference is that situations are considered representations of states. A binary function symbol ∘ {\displaystyle \circ } is used to concatenate the terms that
Fluent_calculus
Mathematical function that can be computed by a program
Computable functions are the basic objects of study in computability theory. Informally, a function is computable if there is an algorithm that computes
Computable_function
Proof in set theory
from the set T of infinite binary strings to the set R of real numbers. Since T is uncountable, the image of this function, which is a subset of R, is
Cantor's_diagonal_argument
Pair of related terms or concepts that are opposite in meaning
A binary opposition (also binary system) is a pair of related terms or concepts that are opposite in meaning. Binary opposition is the system of language
Binary_opposition
Sliding puzzle with fifteen pieces and one space
no matter how many moves are made. This is done by considering a binary function of the tile configuration that is invariant under any valid move and
15_puzzle
manipulate boolean functions. The value of a boolean function can be determined by following a path in its BDD down to a terminal, making a binary decision at
Binary_decision
Assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language
language of rings, there are constant symbols 0 and 1, two binary function symbols + and ·, and no binary relation symbols. (Here the equality relation is taken
Interpretation_(logic)
Overview of and topical guide to discrete mathematics
apparent domain Multivalued function – Generalized mathematical function Binary function – Function that takes two inputs Floor function – Nearest integers from
Outline of discrete mathematics
Outline_of_discrete_mathematics
in the sensor has a binary response, giving only a one-bit quantized measurement of the local light intensity. The response function of the image sensor
Oversampled binary image sensor
Oversampled_binary_image_sensor
Artificial neural network node function
activation function is usually an abstraction representing the rate of action potential firing in the cell. In its simplest form, this function is binary—that
Activation_function
Class of algorithms
be started with may have been found in the binary search tree bst by means of a standard search function, which is shown here in an implementation without
Tree_traversal
Rooted binary tree data structure
In computer science, a binary search tree (BST), also called an ordered or sorted binary tree, is a rooted binary tree data structure with the key of each
Binary_search_tree
Addition, multiplication, division, ...
but with a partial mapping in place of a function. There are two common types of operations: unary and binary. Unary operations involve only one value
Operation_(mathematics)
Mathematical concept
)}}}\right)^{n}\right).} Since a function is a special type of binary relation, many of the properties of an inverse function correspond to properties of converse
Inverse_function
Directed graph with no directed cycles
family of paths occurs in the binary decision diagram, a DAG-based data structure for representing binary functions. In a binary decision diagram, each non-sink
Directed_acyclic_graph
Function returning one of only two values
_{i:a_{i}=1}x_{i}\prod _{i:a_{i}=0}(1-x_{i})} For example, the extension of the binary XOR function x ⊕ y {\displaystyle x\oplus y} is 0 ( 1 − x ) ( 1 − y ) + 1 x (
Boolean_function
Function that preserves distinctness
In mathematics, an injective function (also known as injection, or one-to-one function) is a function f that maps distinct elements of its domain to distinct
Injective_function
Regression analysis technique
binary regression: a binary regression can be considered a binomial regression with n = 1 {\displaystyle n=1} , or a regression on ungrouped binary data
Binomial_regression
Measure for evaluating probabilistic forecasts
Brier/quadaratic score of the sampled cumulative distribution function F {\displaystyle F} for the binary event { X ≤ y } {\displaystyle \{X\leq y\}} . CRPS is
Scoring_rule
Type of chemical combination
inert or have no function by themselves. A number of chemical products are produced as a result of mixing two chemicals as a binary liquid, such as plastic
Binary_liquid
Computer approximation for real numbers
to binary floating-point. For example, the decimal number 0.1 is not representable in binary floating-point of any finite precision; the exact binary representation
Floating-point_arithmetic
Software published only in binary code
software, proprietary software only available as a binary executable is referred to as a blob or binary blob. The term usually refers to a device driver
Binary_blob
Halting probability of a random computer program
is a partial function that takes one argument, a finite binary string, and possibly returns a single binary string as output. The function F is called
Chaitin's_constant
Fundamental trigonometric functions
also Binary angular measurement.) Āryabhaṭa's sine table Bhaskara I's sine approximation formula Discrete sine transform Dixon elliptic functions Euler's
Sine_and_cosine
C programming language standard, current revision
Add %b binary conversion specifier to printf() function family. Add %b binary conversion specifier to scanf() function family. Add 0b and 0B binary conversion
C23_(C_standard_revision)
Interface to call functions from other programming languages
environments and application binary interfaces of both. This can be done in several ways: Requiring that guest-language functions which are to be host-language
Foreign_function_interface
as a function in the way specified above, is either a constant function, a majority function, an idempotent binary function, an affine function, or a
Complexity of constraint satisfaction
Complexity_of_constraint_satisfaction
Fragment of first-order logic
superficially[citation needed][clarification needed], whereas admitting even a single binary function symbol results in an undecidable logic. Monadic second-order logic
Monadic_predicate_calculus
IEEE standard for floating-point arithmetic
the IEEE 754 standard. The standard defines: arithmetic formats: sets of binary and decimal floating-point data, which consist of finite numbers (including
IEEE_754
Mathematical-logic system
as λ-calculus) is a formal system for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution. Untyped
Lambda_calculus
Concept in mathematical logic
terms of binary Boolean functions, F is functionally complete if and only if every binary Boolean function can be expressed in terms of the functions in F
Functional_completeness
Disk encryption software
versions. The LUKS2 header has a binary area and a JSON area, a second binary and JSON area, and a keyslots area. The binary and JSON areas are repeated two
Linux_Unified_Key_Setup
Mathematical construction
I}}M_{i}} are defined pointwise (for example, if + {\displaystyle +} is a binary function then a i + b i = ( a + b ) i {\displaystyle a_{i}+b_{i}=(a+b)_{i}}
Ultraproduct
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