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Archaeological sub-discipline
Biblical archaeology is an academic school and a subset of Biblical studies and Levantine archaeology. Biblical archaeology studies archaeological sites
Biblical_archaeology
American quarterly magazine
Biblical Archaeology Review, sometimes referred to as BAR, is a quarterly magazine. It seeks to connect the academic study of archaeology to a broad general
Biblical_Archaeology_Review
are significant to biblical archaeology. This table lists inscriptions which are of particular significance to the study of biblical chronology. References
List of inscriptions in biblical archaeology
List_of_inscriptions_in_biblical_archaeology
Non-denominational organization that supports and promotes biblical archaeology
The Biblical Archaeology Society was established in 1974 by American lawyer Hershel Shanks, as a non-sectarian organisation that supports and promotes
Biblical_Archaeology_Society
School of archaeology which concerns itself with the biblical world
Biblical archaeology, is the school of archaeology which concerns itself with the biblical world. In the academic setting it serves as an adjunct to biblical
Biblical_archaeology_school
Relationship between historic and biblical events
from being a biblical literalist, and thinks that the purpose of biblical archaeology is not to simply support or discredit the biblical narrative, but
Historicity_of_the_Bible
Movement in biblical scholarship
archaeologist William Dever and the influential publication Biblical Archaeology Review, the second by biblical scholar Iain Provan and Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen
Biblical_minimalism
Biblical Archaeology Review. Schneider, Tsvi, "Six Biblical Signatures: Seals and seal impressions of six biblical personages recovered", Biblical Archaeology
List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources
List_of_biblical_figures_identified_in_extra-biblical_sources
American archaeologist and biblical scholar (1891–1971)
leading theorist and practitioner of biblical archaeology, and is regarded as the founder of the biblical archaeology movement. Albright served as the W
William_F._Albright
Archaeological study of the Levant
older scholarship was dominated by biblical archaeology, Levantine archaeology in the 21st century has relegated biblical concerns to a less dominant position
Levantine_archaeology
millennia of documented history. Besides its centrality to the study of biblical archaeology, the region of ancient Palestine is one of the most important to
Palestinian_archaeology
Affirms the historicity of central Biblical narratives
Exodus Biblical archaeology Biblical archaeology school Battle of Aphek "Biblical Minimalism and Maximalism in Scholarship". Biblical Archaeology Society
Biblical_maximalism
The Society of Biblical Archaeology was founded in London in 1870 by Samuel Birch to further Biblical archaeology. It published a series of Proceedings
Society of Biblical Archaeology
Society_of_Biblical_Archaeology
American historian (born 1960)
ISBN 1-4262-0084-6 (Winner, 2009 Biblical Archaeology Society "Best Popular Book on Archaeology") Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction (2009)
Eric_H._Cline
United kingdom of Israel and Judah (10th c. BCE)
ongoing academic debate. During the 1980s, some biblical scholars began to argue that the archaeological evidence for an extensive kingdom before the late
Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)
American archaeologist and Bible scholar (born 1933)
the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah in biblical times. He was Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Arizona
William_G._Dever
Biblical scholar (1909–1974)
was a leading Old Testament scholar and biblical archaeologist. An expert in Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, he was especially known for his work in
G._Ernest_Wright
American New Religious Christian church based in Edmond, Oklahoma
Institute of Biblical Archaeology in Jerusalem. The latter promotes literalist and maximalist interpretations of current Biblical archaeology research in
Philadelphia_Church_of_God
Archaeological sub-discipline
archaeologists to dissociate their work from biblical frameworks. The most common fields of study are biblical archaeology dealing with the region and history
Near_Eastern_archaeology
Biblical figures feared for their strength before the Flood
ISBN 978-0-8028-2491-2. White, Ellen (2024). "Who are the Nephilim?". Biblical Archaeology Society (biblicalarchaeology.org). Archived from the original on
Nephilim
Multi-Denominational Protestant seminary in Berkeley, California
and doctoral degrees as well as certificates. The Badè Museum of Biblical Archaeology is housed on the campus of the Pacific School of Religion and contains
Pacific_School_of_Religion
Sacred mountain mentioned in the Bible
archaeological record does not corroborate the main biblical narrative. Dever, William G. (2023). "4 Christian Fundamentalism, Faith, and Archaeology"
Mount_Sinai_(Bible)
Research institute of the University of Wuppertal
The Biblical Archaeological Institute Wuppertal (BAI) was established in 1999 by the Protestant Church of the Rhineland. It constitutes an institute of
Biblical Archaeological Institute
Biblical_Archaeological_Institute
Archaeological site in Jerusalem
"reasonably certain." "In American circles at least, Syro‐Palestinian [biblical] archaeology has been traditionally dependent upon churches, theological seminaries
City of David (archaeological site)
City_of_David_(archaeological_site)
Biblical figure and Israelite monarch
"Archaeology and the biblical Narrative: The Case of the United Monarchy" ( (PDF)). One God – One Cult – One Nation: Archaeological and Biblical Perspectives
David
American creationist (1933–1999)
discovered several sites and artifacts related to the Bible and biblical archaeology, including the Red Sea crossing, Mount Sinai, the site of the crucifixion
Ron_Wyatt
1999 book by Thomas L. Thompson
at the University of Copenhagen. Its US title is The Mythic Past: Biblical Archaeology and the Myth of Israel. The theme of The Bible in History is the
The_Bible_in_History
Gomorrah, but retracted his Zoar reading. The argument raged in the Biblical Archaeology Review and amongst other scholars at the time. As some of the Eblaite
Ebla–biblical_controversy
American biblical archaeologist (1930–2021)
American lawyer and amateur biblical archaeologist who was the founder and long-time editor of the Biblical Archaeology Review. For more than forty years
Hershel_Shanks
Collection of clay tablets from the ancient city of Ebla in Syria
leaked to the public". The present consensus is that Ebla's role in biblical archaeology, strictly speaking, is minimal. Cities of the Ancient Near East Short
Ebla_tablets
American Old Testament scholar and Egyptologist (born 1951)
scholar, archaeologist, and Egyptologist, specializing in biblical archaeology, Near Eastern archaeology, and historicity of the Hebrew Bible. He served as Professor
James_K._Hoffmeier
2001 book about the archaeology of Israel
from Egypt. They argue that numerous biblical passages conflict with the Bronze Age and Iron Age archaeological record of the Land of Israel, and that
The_Bible_Unearthed
Pharaohs mentioned in the Bible
Meyers, Stephen C. "IBSS – Biblical Archaeology – Date of the Exodus". www.bibleandscience.com. Institute for Biblical & Scientific Studies. Retrieved
Pharaohs_in_the_Bible
Bible and Archaeology. The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 36–40 Richardson, G.H. (1916) The Value of Biblical Archaeology. The Biblical World
Archaeology of religion and ritual
Archaeology_of_religion_and_ritual
Biblical figure; Phoenician princess and wife of Ahab
origins of biblical history. Eisenbrauns. p. 307. ISBN 978-1-57506-013-2. Gaines, Janet Howe (2023). "How Bad Was Jezebel?". Biblical Archaeology Society
Jezebel
Archaic form of the Hebrew language
Habiru. Who Were the Early Israelites?". Biblical Archaeology Review. 34 (6 (Nov/Dec)). Biblical Archaeology Society. Archived from the original on 31
Biblical_Hebrew
Region in the Eastern Mediterranean
neutral orientation that is neither biblical nor national have used terms such as Levantine archaeology and archaeology of the Southern Levant. While the
Levant
Anthology of texts in Biblical archaeology
historical, legal, mythological, liturgical, and secular texts in biblical archaeology. In spite of the name, the included texts have broad coverage and
Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament
Ancient_Near_Eastern_Texts_Relating_to_the_Old_Testament
Placename in the Hebrew Bible
Kadesh or Qadesh or Cades (Biblical Hebrew: קָדֵשׁ, from the root קדש "holy") is a place-name that occurs several times in the Hebrew Bible, describing
Kadesh_(biblical)
Ancient settlement mound
Tell a Tell: Uncovering buried cities of the biblical world". biblicalarchaeology.org. Biblical Archaeology Society (BAS). Retrieved 12 May 2024. Bos, James
Tell_(archaeology)
Biblical character
"The Kingdom of Cush". Biblical Archaeology Society. Retrieved 2025-06-01. PhD, James K. Hoffmeier (2019-03-22). The Archaeology of the Bible. Lion Scholar
Cush_(Bible)
Biblical era of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob
Van Seter and Thompson's works were a paradigm shift in biblical scholarship and archaeology, which gradually led scholars to no longer consider the patriarchal
Patriarchal_age
Canaanite city
8:26. Davis, Thomas W. (2004). Shifting Sands: The Rise and Fall of Biblical Archaeology. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19516710-8. Hess,
Ai_(Canaan)
Israeli antiquities dealer
several biblical archaeological artifacts in 2004. Deutsch has a PhD from Tel Aviv University. He participated in the Tell Megiddo archaeological expedition
Robert_Deutsch
2001 book by William G. Dever
the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? What Archaeology Can Tell Us about the Reality of Ancient Israel is a 2001 book by biblical scholar
What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?
What_Did_the_Biblical_Writers_Know_and_When_Did_They_Know_It?
Series of lectures delivered and published under the auspices of the British Academy
The Schweich Lectures on Biblical Archaeology are a series of lectures delivered and published under the auspices of the British Academy. The Leopold Schweich
Schweich Lectures on Biblical Archaeology
Schweich_Lectures_on_Biblical_Archaeology
Biblical monarch of ancient Israel
Kenneth A. (September–October 2001). "How We Know When Solomon Ruled". Biblical Archaeology Review. 5 (27). BAS. Thiele 1983, p. 78. 1 Chronicles 14:4 1 Chronicles
Solomon
American archeologist (1909–1997)
where he was professor of religious thought and the first curator of Biblical archaeology at the University Museum. Pritchard's strength lay in setting the
James_B._Pritchard
Ancient Jewish biblical manuscripts
"Archaeology: Fragments of History". Dawn. Karachi, Pakistan. 26 July 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2026. "Dead Sea Scrolls". Biblical Archaeology Society
Dead_Sea_Scrolls
Second letter of the Latin alphabet
the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs", Biblical Archaeology Review, vol. 36, Washington: Biblical Archaeology Society, ISSN 0098-9444, archived from the
B
Israeli archaeologist (1944–2026)
media. The New York Times described him as "a leading figure in biblical archaeology" and "one of Israel's leading archaeologists." Gabriel Barkay was
Gabriel_Barkay
Approach to the interpretation of the Bible
Biblical literalism or biblicism is the strict adherence to the exact, plain sense of words or depictions in the Bible. The term can refer to the historical-grammatical
Biblical_literalism
Collection of religious texts
certain peoples and events or a source of ethical teachings. Biblical archaeology uses archaeological and textual evidence to assess the Bible’s historical claims
Bible
Israeli archaeologist
archaeologists who say that “biblical archaeology is not anymore the ruling paradigm in archaeology and that archaeology became an independent discipline
Ze'ev_Herzog
Ancient people who inhabited Canaan's southern coast
Peoples" in Text and Archaeology", Society of Biblical Literature Archaeology and biblical studies, vol. 15, Society of Biblical Lit, p. 2, ISBN 978-1-58983-721-8
Philistines
Israeli archaeologist (1956–2021)
She specialized in Jerusalem and Phoenician archaeology. She was also a key person in Biblical archaeology noted for her discovery of the Large Stone Structure
Eilat_Mazar
2003 book by Kenneth Kitchen
confirmed by comparing the Old Testament with non-Biblical sources, both written and archaeological. He clarifies by stating that there are three elements
On the Reliability of the Old Testament
On_the_Reliability_of_the_Old_Testament
Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant
(2010). "Archaeology and the Biblical Narrative: The Case of the United Monarchy". One God – One Cult – One Nation. Archaeological and Biblical Perspectives
Kingdom_of_Judah
Temple in Jerusalem in Abrahamic religions
Shanks, Hershel (November–December 2011). "Fudging with Forgeries". Biblical Archaeology Review. 37 (6): 56–58. ISSN 0098-9444. Shanks, Hershel (November–December
Solomon's_Temple
American biblical scholar (1908–1995)
associated with the American school of biblical criticism pioneered by William F. Albright, which sought to marry archaeology to a defense of the reliability
John Bright (biblical scholar)
John_Bright_(biblical_scholar)
American Biblical archaeologist
Hasel is an American biblical archaeologist and scholar of Near Eastern studies. He is Professor of Near Eastern Studies and Archaeology, Director of the
Michael_G._Hasel
Northwest Semitic language
15 May 2024. Staff, Biblical Archaeology Society (15 March 2022). "The Phoenician Alphabet in Archaeology". Biblical Archaeology Society. Archived from
Hebrew_language
Canaanite sacred tree or pole honouring goddess
Asherah. The relation of the literary references to an asherah and archaeological finds of Judaean pillar-figurines has engendered a literature of debate
Asherah_pole
Bone ornamental object held in Jerusalem
2010-01-14 at the Wayback Machine", Biblical Archaeology Review, (August 18, 2007) "Verdict: Not Guilty - Biblical Archaeology Society". Biblicalarchaeology
Ivory_pomegranate
Regarded as pseudoarchaeology by geologists and archaeologists
accounts of relics recovered from the Ark. With the emergence of biblical archaeology in the 19th century, the potential of a formal search attracted interest
Searches_for_Noah's_Ark
Topics referred to by the same term
Frayser Boy Bay Area Reporter, a newspaper Biblical Archaeology Review, a magazine British Archaeological Reports, a book series Bar, Bushehr, a village
Bar
1970s BBC television series
Bible lands. It was presented by Magnus Magnusson. The consultant on Biblical archaeology was James B. Pritchard of the University of Pennsylvania, where he
BC: The Archaeology of the Bible Lands
BC:_The_Archaeology_of_the_Bible_Lands
1st-century limestone box
by Hershel Shanks, founder of the Biblical Archaeology Society. He presented it as the first direct archaeological link to the historical Jesus. Shanks
James_Ossuary
Disagree". Biblical Archaeology Review. First Person (column). ISSN 0098-9444. Retrieved 2013-03-12. Albright, William (1963). The Biblical Period from
Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple
Archaeological_remnants_of_the_Jerusalem_Temple
Stele inscribed in Aramaic referencing the House of David
the earliest, extra-biblical references to a Davidic dynasty. In 1993, it was discovered by Gila Cook, a member of an archaeological team led by Avraham
Tel_Dan_stele
Miracle in the New Testament of the Bible
"Mark and John: A Wedding at Cana—Whose and Where?". Biblical Archaeology Review. Biblical Archaeology Society. Shea, Mark (10 September 2012) "The Significance
Wedding_at_Cana
French academic establishment in Jerusalem
is a French academic establishment in Jerusalemspecializing in archaeology and Biblical exegesis. It is housed by the Saint-Étienne priory. Associated
École_Biblique
7th-century BCE Jerusalem amulets featuring a biblical text
discoveries ever made" for biblical studies. The two silver scrolls were uncovered in 1979 at Ketef Hinnom, an archaeological site southwest of the Old
Ketef_Hinnom_scrolls
Irish archaeologist (1870–1950)
his earliest interest was in the archaeology of Ireland, he soon developed a strong interest in biblical archaeology. Along with Frederick J. Bliss, he
R._A._Stewart_Macalister
Topics referred to by the same term
Biblical antiquities may refer to: Biblical archaeology Biblical Antiquities of Pseudo-Philo This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the
Biblical_antiquities
Iron Age population expansion in the Southern Levant
Quest for the Historical Israel: Debating Archaeology and the History of Early Israel. Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 978-1-58983-277-0. Retrieved
Israelite_highland_settlement
Jewish canon of Hebrew biblical scriptures
Francisco, 1985). Minkoff, Harvey. "Searching for the Better Text". Biblical Archaeology Review (online). Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved
Hebrew_Bible
Region in the ancient Near East
the most frequently used ethnic term in the Bible. Biblical scholar Mark Smith, citing archaeological findings, suggests "that the Israelite culture largely
Canaan
British Assyriologist and linguist (born 1845)
Sayce also began to deliver lectures to the Nineveh Society of Biblical Archaeology and contributed to The Times and the New York Independent. In 1876
Archibald_Sayce
Canadian–Israeli film director (born 1953)
conferences hosted by the Society of Biblical Literature (SBL), the Batchelder Conference for Biblical Archaeology at the University of Nebraska Omaha
Simcha_Jacobovici
Texts regarded as part of the Bible
A biblical canon is a set of texts (also called "books") which a particular Jewish or Christian religious community regards as part of the Bible. The English
Biblical_canon
Near Eastern civilization during the Iron Age
(2005). Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, and Early Israel, 1300–1100 B.C.E. Society of Biblical Literature
Ancient_Israel_and_Judah
Israeli archaeologist (born 1956)
archaeologist and academic. He is a professor of Prehistoric Archaeology and of Archaeology of the Biblical Period at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Yosef
Yosef_Garfinkel
Christian holy places was the foundation of 19th-century European Biblical archaeology in Ottoman Syria and later in the British Mandatory Palestine. The
List of Christian holy places in the Holy Land
List_of_Christian_holy_places_in_the_Holy_Land
Artifact discovered at Mount Ebal, West Bank
Ebal Inscription: The Backlash Begins". Armstrong Institute of Biblical Archaeology. Retrieved 27 March 2024. Stripling, Scott; Galil, Gershon; Kumpova
Mount_Ebal_lead_object
Archaeological site in the West Bank
altar been found on Mt. Ebal?". Biblical Archaeology Society. Antti Laato (2014). "The Cult Site on Mount Ebal: A Biblical Tradition Rewritten and Reinterpreted"
Mount_Ebal_site
Hill in Jerusalem
(ed.). "Where the Community Lived in Jesus' Time". Biblical Archaeology Review. Biblical Archaeology Society. Archived from the original on 19 January
Mount_Zion
Journal
Wright as The Biblical Archaeologist, out of "the need for a readable, non-technical, yet thoroughly reliable account of archaeological discoveries as
Near Eastern Archaeology (journal)
Near_Eastern_Archaeology_(journal)
Ancient Jewish seal
University Press, 1936 "Jerusalem Forgery Conference (Special report, Biblical Archaeology Society)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.
King_Ahaz's_seal
Site of an ancient city in northern Israel's Jezreel Valley
Solomon's Megiddo," Biblical Archaeology, vol. 23, pp. 62–68, 1960 Yigael Yadin, "Megiddo of the Kings of Israel," Biblical Archaeology, vol. 33, pp. 66–96
Tel_Megiddo
One of the Dead Sea scrolls
manuscripts of 4QMMT came in 1984 at the International Congress on Biblical Archaeology, a conference held in Jerusalem. Qimron informed the conference that
4QMMT
Israeli archaeologist
& Aviram, J. (eds), Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990 – Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Biblical Archaeology, Jerusalem, 1990, Jerusalem:
Amihai_Mazar
Tribal group described in the Bible
Shattered". Biblical Archaeology Review. 25 (1). Biblical Archaeology Society. Rendsburg, Gary A. (2001). "Reading David in Genesis". Biblical Archaeology Review
Jebusites
Arab people who inhabited northern Arabia and the southern Levant
Petra", The Biblical Archaeologist 57 1 (March 1994), pp. 55–57. P. M. Bikai (1997) "The Petra Papyri", Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan
Nabataeans
September 2020. Shanks, Hershel (1987). "Pierre Benoit, O.P. 1906–1987". Biblical Archaeology Review. Lim, Timothy H. (2005) The Dead Sea Scrolls. A Very Short
Pierre_Benoit_(theologian)
Biblical seaport on the northern extremity of the Gulf of Eilat
(July–August 1989). "Is This Solomon's Seaport?". Biblical Archaeology Review. 15 (4). Biblical Archaeology Society. Retrieved 28 September 2021 – via bible
Ezion-Geber
Israeli archaeologist and professor
the archaeology of the Levant and is an applicant of archaeological data in reconstructing biblical history. Finkelstein is the current excavator of Megiddo
Israel_Finkelstein
Biblical figure, father of Baruch and Seraiah
biblical archaeology Avigad 114-118; Shanks, "Jerahmeel" 58-65 Avigad 118 Shanks, "Fingerprint" 36-38 Goren, Yuval. "Jerusalem Syndrome in Biblical Archaeology"
Neriah
American academic
books and several hundred scholarly articles. Levy edited Historical Biblical Archaeology and the Future – The New Pragmatism (London: Equinox Publishers,
Thomas_E._Levy
Garden by Jerusalem's Mount of Olives
Pierce, George A. (eds.). To Explore the Land of Canaan: Studies in Biblical Archaeology in Honor of Jeffrey R. Chadwick. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
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