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Search references for BEFORE. Phrases containing BEFORE
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Topics referred to by the same term
up before in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Before is the opposite of after, and may refer to: "Before" (short story) by Gael Baudino, 1996 Before by
Before
Romance trilogy by Richard Linklater
The Before Trilogy consists of three romance films directed by Richard Linklater, and starring Ethan Hawke and Julie Delpy. Beginning with Before Sunrise
Before_trilogy
1993 film by Henry Selick
The Nightmare Before Christmas (also known as Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas) is a 1993 American musical fantasy film directed by Henry Selick
The Nightmare Before Christmas
The_Nightmare_Before_Christmas
1995 romantic drama film by Richard Linklater
Before Sunrise is a 1995 romantic drama film directed by Richard Linklater and co-written by Linklater and Kim Krizan, and is the first installment in
Before_Sunrise
2004 American romantic drama film directed by Richard Linklater
Before Sunset is a 2004 American romantic drama film directed by Richard Linklater, who co-wrote the screenplay with Ethan Hawke and Julie Delpy, from
Before_Sunset
2013 American romantic drama film directed by Richard Linklater
Julie Delpy. The sequel to Before Sunrise (1995) and Before Sunset (2004), it is the third and final installment in the Before trilogy. The film follows
Before_Midnight
Time scale used in scientific disciplines
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when
Before_Present
2016 film by Thea Sharrock
Me Before You is a 2016 romantic drama film directed by Thea Sharrock in her directorial debut and adapted by author Jojo Moyes from her 2012 novel. Principal
Me_Before_You
American animated media franchise
The Land Before Time is a franchise consisting of American animated adventure films centered around dinosaurs, including a theatrical movie, various straight-to-home
The_Land_Before_Time
Upcoming video game
Footage Leaks Online Before Being Scrubbed From the Internet—but It Didn't Reveal Much at All and We've Even Seen Part of It Before in an Official Screenshot"
Grand_Theft_Auto_VI
Relation between two events in computer science
happened-before relation (denoted: → {\displaystyle \to \;} ) is a relation between the result of two events, such that if one event should happen before another
Happened-before
British TV presenter (born 1976)
News in 1998 and hosted Kirsty's Home Videos, RI:SE and Simply the Best before returning to Sky Sports News from 2011–2018. From June 2021 until December
Kirsty_Gallacher
Topics referred to by the same term
Before the Rain may refer to: Before the Rain (1994 film), by Milčo Mančevski Before the Rain (2010 film), written by Shirley Barrett Before the Rain (Eternal
Before_the_Rain
Topics referred to by the same term
Before Dawn may refer to: Before Dawn (horse) (1979–2006), American racehorse Before Dawn: The Music of Yusef Lateef, a 1957 American jazz album featuring
Before_Dawn
Topics referred to by the same term
Before the Dawn may refer to: Before the Dawn (band), a melodic death/gothic metal band from Finland Before the Dawn (Buju Banton album), 2010 Before
Before_the_Dawn
Topics referred to by the same term
Here Before may refer to: Here Before (album), a 2011 album by the Feelies Here Before (film), a 2021 British thriller film directed by Stacey Gregg "Here
Here_Before
Topics referred to by the same term
Before the Flood may refer to: Antediluvian, the period in Christian and Jewish theology also known as "Pre-Flood" Before the Flood (album), an album
Before_the_Flood
2022 superhero film by Matt Reeves
Bruce. The Riddler leaks evidence that Thomas, who was running for mayor before he was murdered, hired Falcone to kill a journalist whom Maroni controlled
The_Batman_(film)
Era names equivalent to AD/BC
Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are conventions used in the Gregorian or Julian calendar to specify whether the year is before or after the epoch
Common_Era
Adage to assume stupidity over malice
Hanlon's razor is an adage or rule of thumb that states, "Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity." It is a philosophical
Hanlon's_razor
Topics referred to by the same term
Before and After may refer to: Before and After (Hogarth), a 1730 work by the artist William Hogarth Before and After (1979 film), a 1979 TV film starring
Before_and_After
2012 comic book series published by DC Comics
Before Watchmen is a series of comic books published by DC Comics in 2012. Acting as a prequel to the 1986 12-issue Watchmen limited series by writer Alan
Before_Watchmen
Calendar era based on the birth of Jesus
Anno Domini (AD) and before Christ (BC) qualify years in the Gregorian and Julian calendars, whose epoch is the traditional year of the conception or birth
Anno_Domini
Idiom or proverb
The expression cart before the horse is an idiom or proverb used to suggest something is done contrary to the natural or normally effective sequence of
Cart_before_the_horse
Topics referred to by the same term
The Night Before may refer to: The Night Before (1988 film), a 1988 film starring Keanu Reeves and Lori Loughlin The Night Before (2015 film), a 2015
The_Night_Before
1947 division of British India
there was large-scale violence, with disputed estimates of the loss of life before, at the time of, or following the partition. As of 2009, the estimates still
Partition_of_India
Topics referred to by the same term
Before the Storm may refer to: Before the Storm (2000 film), a 2000 Swedish film Före stormen directed by Reza Parsa Ill Wind (film) or Before the Storm
Before_the_Storm
2007 Indian film
Before the Rains is a 2007 period drama film directed by Santosh Sivan. The film is adapted from a story from the 2001 anthology Israeli film Asphalt Zahov
Before_the_Rains
2023 multiplayer survival horror video game
The Day Before was a multiplayer survival horror extraction shooter video game developed by Fntastic and published by Mytona. Set in the future, players
The_Day_Before
American post-hardcore band
Before Their Eyes is an American post-hardcore band from Findlay, Ohio. The band is currently signed to InVogue Records. The band was founded by vocalist
Before_Their_Eyes
Mnemonic rule of thumb for English spelling
between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. "I before E, except after C" is a mnemonic rule of thumb for English spelling. If
I_before_E_except_after_C
English actor (1943–2026)
television roles before his work in Doctor Who. Initially planned for one serial, K9 appeared in several seasons of Doctor Who's original run before returning
John_Leeson
Governor-elect of Florida (born 1978)
Florida A&M University before earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in finance and marketing from Florida State University in 2002. Before entering politics,
Byron_Donalds
2010 studio album by Ariel Pink's Haunted Graffiti
Before Today is the eighth studio album by American recording artist Ariel Pink, credited to "Ariel Pink's Haunted Graffiti", and released on June 8, 2010
Before_Today
Topics referred to by the same term
Before the Fall can refer to: Before the Fall (2004 film), a German film Before the Fall (2008 film), a Spanish thriller film Before the Fall (2015 film)
Before_the_Fall
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up calm before the storm in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Calm Before the Storm or The Calm Before the Storm may refer to: A History of Modern
Calm_Before_the_Storm
American football player (born 2000)
played college football for the Michigan Wolverines and Tennessee Volunteers before being selected by the New England Patriots in the sixth round of the 2024
Joe_Milton
American actress (born 1971)
actress and model. Gayheart began her career as a teen model in the 1980s before becoming an advertising spokeswoman. She has been active as an actress since
Rebecca_Gayheart
American television personality (born 1971)
World: San Francisco, before moving on to work as a television host. She was a guest host on the ABC talk show The View, before moving to Fox News, where
Rachel_Campos-Duffy
American singer-songwriter (born 2002)
began his music career by briefly competing on American Idol in early 2021 before withdrawing voluntarily. He gained popularity on TikTok and subsequently
Benson_Boone
1823 Christmas poem
"A Visit from St. Nicholas" (often called "The Night Before Christmas" and "'Twas the Night Before Christmas", from its first line) is a poem, first published
A_Visit_from_St._Nicholas
2007 film by Sidney Lumet
Before the Devil Knows You're Dead is a 2007 American crime thriller film directed by Sidney Lumet. The film was written by Kelly Masterson, and stars
Before the Devil Knows You're Dead
Before_the_Devil_Knows_You're_Dead
Measure of a firm's profit
In accounting and finance, earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) is a measure of a firm's profit that includes all incomes and expenses (operating
Earnings before interest and taxes
Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes
American actress (born 1979)
(née Elta Danneel Graul; born March 18, 1979), credited professionally before 2012 as Danneel Harris, is an American actress. She played the role of Shannon
Danneel_Ackles
5th episode of the 3rd season of The West Wing
"On the Day Before" is the forty-eighth The West Wing episode and fourth of the third season. It originally aired on NBC on October 31, 2001. The episode
On_the_Day_Before
Topics referred to by the same term
Before Dishonor may refer to: a song by Hatebreed on the album Satisfaction Is the Death of Desire a 2007 novel by Peter David, sequel to Vendetta (Star
Before_Dishonor
Topics referred to by the same term
Never Before may refer to: "Never Before" (song), a song by Deep Purple Never Before (The Byrds album) Never Before (Cold Chisel album) This disambiguation
Never_Before
1996 aviation accident in Florida
were killed. ValuJet, a low-cost carrier, already had a poor safety record before the crash, and the incident brought widespread attention to the airline's
ValuJet_Flight_592
Kosovar footballer (born 1994)
and the Kosovo national team. Muriqi began his career with Liria Prizren before moving to Albania, where he played for Teuta Durrës and Besa Kavajë. He
Vedat_Muriqi
to this place I am confident was never seen or viseted by any European before us and therefore by the same Rule belongs to great Brittan [...]. In March
History_of_Australia
English footballer (born 2001)
Everton, making his senior debut in December 2017 in a Europa League match, before joining Newcastle United in 2023. In 2026, he joined Spanish club Barcelona
Anthony_Gordon_(footballer)
Dutch footballer (born 1999)
youth football for Ajax and Arsenal before joining PSV Eindhoven in 2017, playing for their youth side Jong PSV before graduating to the senior team. He
Donyell_Malen
2015 Japanese novel by Toshikazu Kawaguchi
Before the Coffee Gets Cold (コーヒーが冷めないうちに, Kohi ga Samenai Uchi ni) is a 2015 novel by Toshikazu Kawaguchi. It tells the story of a café in Tokyo that
Before_the_Coffee_Gets_Cold
American post-hardcore band
Fear Before (originally known as Fear Before the March of Flames) was an American post-hardcore band formed in Aurora, Colorado. Their name originated
Fear_Before
American technology company
the telecommunications sector, a campaign Cloudflare dubbed "The Night Before Christmas". In April 2026, Cloudflare released a system designed to let
Cloudflare
Quotation from ''Star Trek''
"Where no man has gone before" is a phrase made popular through its use in the title sequence of the original 1966–1969 Star Trek science fiction television
Where_no_man_has_gone_before
film The Nightmare Before Christmas and the video games The Nightmare Before Christmas: The Pumpkin King and The Nightmare Before Christmas: Oogie's Revenge
List of The Nightmare Before Christmas characters
List_of_The_Nightmare_Before_Christmas_characters
2005 stop-motion animated film by Tim Burton
feature film directed by Burton after previously producing The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) and James and the Giant Peach (1996). Corpse Bride drew
Corpse_Bride
1992 film
Nicole Kidman. This was the last cinematography credit for Mikael Salomon before he moved on to a directing career. The music score was by John Williams
Far_and_Away
4-part television thriller adaptation
The Girl Before is a British four-part thriller television series created by J.P. Delaney for BBC One and HBO Max, based on the 2016 novel of the same
The_Girl_Before
American filmmaker (born 1983)
Lighthouse (2019), The Northman (2022), and Nosferatu (2024). His films are set before the 20th century and noted for their historical authenticity and blending
Robert_Eggers
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up pearls before swine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Pearls Before Swine may refer to: "Pearls before swine", a phrase from Matthew 7:6 in
Pearls_Before_Swine
Topics referred to by the same term
A Kiss Before Dying may refer to: A Kiss Before Dying (novel), a 1953 novel by Ira Levin A Kiss Before Dying (1956 film), an adaptation of the novel,
A_Kiss_Before_Dying
1932 dystopian novel by Aldous Huxley
World Controller of Western Europe, is named after Sir Alfred Mond. Shortly before writing the novel, Huxley visited the Billingham Manufacturing Plant, Mond's
Brave_New_World
1988 animated adventure film directed by Don Bluth
The Land Before Time is a 1988 animated adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Don Bluth from a screenplay by Stu Krieger and a story by Judy
The_Land_Before_Time_(film)
1803 acquisition of region of Middle America land by the U.S. from France
until a transfer of power to France on November 30, 1803, just three weeks before the formal cession of the territory to the United States on December 20
Louisiana_Purchase
Serbian footballer
Belgrade before making his senior debut in May 2014. He then had stints at Benfica, Eintracht Frankfurt, Real Madrid, Fiorentina, and AC Milan, before signing
Luka_Jović
American journalist and author (born 1955)
children, before separating in 2011 and divorcing in 2021. Shriver began her journalism career at KYW-TV and briefly anchored the CBS Morning News before joining
Maria_Shriver
1977 novel by Stephen King
The story has often been compared to Guy de Maupassant's story "The Inn". Before writing The Shining, King had written the novel Roadwork and the novella
The_Shining_(novel)
1984 documentary film by Greta Schiller and Robert Rosenberg
Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community is a 1984 American documentary film about the LGBT community prior to the 1969 Stonewall riots
Before_Stonewall
Topics referred to by the same term
Before Me may refer to: Before Me, album by Gladys Knight 2006 "Before Me", song by Arcane Roots from Melancholia Hymns This disambiguation page lists
Before_Me
Recognise document as available to read
parliamentary procedure, especially the Westminster system, a document is laid before the house or laid on the Table of the House when it is formally recognised
Laying_before_the_house
Seventh letter of the Latin alphabet
out of favor, and 'C', which had formerly represented both /ɡ/ and /k/ before open vowels, had come to express /k/ in all environments. Ruga's positioning
G
American politician (1979–2020)
complications caused by COVID-19 five days before he was due to take office in the 117th Congress. Before his election to Congress, Letlow served as chief
Luke_Letlow
Aspect of medical history
experiments on animals to determine penicillin's safety and effectiveness before conducting clinical trials and field tests. They derived penicillin's chemical
History_of_penicillin
Accounting measure of a company's profitability
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, commonly known as EBITDA (/ˈiːbɪtdɑː, ˈɛb-/ EE-bit-dah, EB-it-dah), is a measure of a
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
Earnings_before_interest,_taxes,_depreciation_and_amortization
Former online illegal movie streaming site network
site" by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) in March 2018, before being shut down a few weeks later on foot of a criminal investigation by
123Movies
Topics referred to by the same term
The Fight Before Christmas may refer to: The Fight Before Christmas (1994 film), spaghetti western comedy film "The Fight Before Christmas" (The Simpsons)
The_Fight_Before_Christmas
American pop rock band
iHeartRadio Music Festival in Las Vegas. In December 2013, Fun digitally released Before Shane Went To Bangkok: Live in The USA, a live EP with songs from both Aim
Fun_(band)
Series of political upheavals in Europe
varied widely in their beliefs. Generally, liberals supported equality before the law and the protection of civil liberties, such as the freedoms of speech
Revolutions_of_1848
French footballer (born 1993)
A promising youth player, he came up at local Parisian club CO Les Ulis before moving to Auxerre's youth academy. He made his debut for Auxerre in 2010
Yaya_Sanogo
2024 American TV series or program
Before is an American psychological thriller television miniseries created by Sarah Thorp, who also serves as showrunner and is an executive producer,
Before_(TV_series)
American actress (born 1963)
is an American actress. She made her film debut in My Bodyguard (1980), before receiving critical acclaim for her performance as Alexandra Owens in Flashdance
Jennifer_Beals
2024 Indian film
Before Marriage is a 2024 Indian-Telugu language romantic drama film written and directed by Sreedhar Reddy Atakula. The film stars Naveena Reddy and Naga
Before_Marriage
American actor and musician (1982–2018)
television series Glee. Salling studied at the Los Angeles College of Music before working as a guitar teacher. He also worked as an occasional actor, appearing
Mark_Salling
This is a list of the earliest films produced in Sweden in the 1910s. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2025-10-12. Retrieved 2017-04-28.{{cite
List of Swedish films of the 1910s
List_of_Swedish_films_of_the_1910s
American child actress (1978–1988)
film Jaws: The Revenge. She also provided the voices of Ducky in The Land Before Time and Anne-Marie in All Dogs Go to Heaven, both released after her death
Judith_Barsi
2025 book by Eli Erlick
Before Gender: Lost Stories from Trans History, 1850–1950 is a 2025 history book by writer and activist Eli Erlick. The book describes the lives of thirty
Before_Gender
British television series
Murder Before Evensong is a British crime drama television series. It is based on the 2022 novel of the same name by Richard Coles. The series premiered
Murder_Before_Evensong
Perspecta Sound, which was introduced in 1954. MGM also reissued its cartoons before the introduction of Perspecta Sound. Because of the 1965 MGM vault fire
Tom_and_Jerry_filmography
American politician (born 1960)
numbered as the 3rd district for his first five terms, is based in Dayton. Before serving in Congress, Turner served as mayor of Dayton from 1994 to 2002
Mike_Turner
the Republic of China. The Republic of China controlled Mainland China before 1949. In the fall of 1949, the ROC government retreated to Taiwan and surrounding
List of presidents of the Republic of China
List_of_presidents_of_the_Republic_of_China
This is a list of characters in The Land Before Time, a series of animated feature films and a television series. The main characters include Littlefoot
List of The Land Before Time characters
List_of_The_Land_Before_Time_characters
Judicial principle
Equality before the law, known as equality under the law, equality in the eyes of the law, legal equality, or legal egalitarianism, is the principle that
Equality_before_the_law
Roman governor of Judea and condemner of Jesus
to Rome by the Syrian legate to face Emperor Tiberius, but Tiberius died before Pilate arrived, and his fate thereafter remains unknown. Some early sources
Pontius_Pilate
Topics referred to by the same term
Flight Before Christmas may refer to: The Flight Before Christmas (2008 film) The Flight Before Christmas (2015 film) Shaun the Sheep: The Flight Before Christmas
The_Flight_Before_Christmas
Topics referred to by the same term
title Before It Ends. If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Before It
Before_It_Ends
South African dancer
professional dancer on the BBC One dancing competition Strictly Come Dancing, before becoming a co-presenter from 2026. Radebe was born in Zamdela, Sasolburg
Johannes_Radebe
Irish actor
debut in True Lines, directed by John Crowley, which opened in Kilkenny, before moving to the Dublin Theatre Festival and on to the Bush Theatre in London
Stuart_Townsend
English singer (born 1958)
He was the lead vocalist of the pop band Kajagoogoo beginning in 1982, before embarking on a solo career, releasing the 1984 hit "The NeverEnding Story"
Limahl
travel, tourism, insurance
BEFORE
BEFORE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : descriptive nickname for a giant or a large man, from Middle English golias ‘giant’, from the Hebrew personal name Golyat Goliath. In the Bible Goliath was the champion of the Philistines, who stood ‘six cubits and a span’; he was defeated in single combat by the shepherd boy David (I Samuel 17), who killed him with a stone from his sling. There is unlikely to be any connection with the English vocabulary word gully (from Old French goulet ‘neck of a bottle’), which is not attested in this sense before the 17th century.Perhaps an altered spelling of French Goulley, a variant of Goulet.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : variant of Marchand.John Marchant (c.1600–c.1668) was in Newport, RI, before 1638. In that year he moved to Braintree, MA, then to Watertown, MA (1642), and finally to Yarmouth, MA (1648). His descendants included many sea captains and other prominent people.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Joslin.The Josselyn name appears in Black Point (now Scarborough, ME) before 1638, when the author John Josselyn came to visit his brother Henry, who was for many years a principal representative in eastern New England of the interests of the Mason and Gorges heirs, which were endangered by the Massachusetts Bay colony’s expansion into Maine. Their father was Sir Thomas Josselyn, of Torrell’s Hall in Willingale, Essex, England.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : nickname from Middle English king, Old English cyning ‘king’ (originally merely a tribal leader, from Old English cyn(n) ‘tribe’, ‘race’ + the Germanic suffix -ing). The word was already used as a byname before the Norman Conquest, and the nickname was common in the Middle Ages, being used to refer to someone who conducted himself in a kingly manner, or one who had played the part of a king in a pageant, or one who had won the title in a tournament. In other cases it may actually have referred to someone who served in the king’s household. The American surname has absorbed several European cognates and equivalents with the same meaning, for example German König (see Koenig), Swiss German Küng, French Leroy. It is also found as an Ashkenazic Jewish surname, of ornamental origin.Chinese : variant of Jin 1.Chinese : , , , , Jing.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Harlin.English : habitational name from East Harling in Norfolk, named in Old English as ‘(settlement of) Herela’s people’.North German and Frisian : habitational name from the marsh area Harling in East Friesland or from the port of Harlingen in West Friesland.German (Härling) : nickname for an immature person, from Old High German herling ‘(sour) grape harvested before maturity’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metronymic from Megg, a reduced form of the personal name Margaret (see Margeson).Vincent Meggs (c.1583–1658) came to Weymouth, MA, from East Devon, England, in or before 1639.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire)
English (Lancashire) : habitational name from an unidentified place. There is a hill in Somerset called Leather Barrow.Thomas Leatherbury (1622–73), from Ormskirk, Lancashire, England, arrived in MD in or before 1645, and settled in Accomack Co., VA.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : habitational name from a place in Berwickshire (Borders), named with Welsh gor ‘spacious’ + din ‘fort’.English (of Norman origin) and French : habitational name from Gourdon in Saône-et-Loire, so called from the Gallo-Roman personal name Gordus + the locative suffix -o, -Ånis.Irish : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Mag Mhuirneacháin, a patronymic from the personal name Muirneachán, a diminutive of muirneach ‘beloved’.Jewish (from Lithuania) : probably a habitational name from the Belorussian city of Grodno. It goes back at least to 1657. Various suggestions, more or less fanciful, have been put forward as to its origin. There is a family tradition among some bearers that they are descended from a son of a Duke of Gordon, who converted to Judaism in the 18th century, but the Jewish surname was in existence long before the 18th century; others claim descent from earlier Scottish converts, but this is implausible.Spanish and Galician Gordón, and Basque : habitational name from a place called Gordon (Basque) or Gordón (Spanish, Galician), of which there are examples in Salamanca, Galicia, and Basque Country.Spanish : possibly in some instances from an augmentative of the nickname Gordo (see Gordillo).
Surname or Lastname
Welsh
Welsh : nickname for a red-haired person (see Gough).English (of Cornish and Breton origin) : occupational name from Cornish and Breton goff ‘smith’ (cognate with Gaelic gobha). The surname is common in East Anglia, where it is of Breton origin, introduced by followers of William the Conqueror.Irish : reduced form of McGoff.Edward Goffe was a farmer in Cambridge MA whose house was acquired by Harvard College some time before 1654 and used as a dormitory, known as Goffe’s College.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a keeper of swine, Middle English foreman, from Old English fÅr ‘hog’, ‘pig’ + mann ‘man’.English : status name for a leader or spokesman for a group, from Old English fore ‘before’, ‘in front’ + mann ‘man’. The word is attested in this sense from the 15th century, but is not used specifically for the leader of a gang of workers before the late 16th century.Czech and Jewish (from Bohemia, Moravia) : occupational name for a carter, Czech forman, a loanword from German.
Surname or Lastname
English (Gloucestershire and South Wales)
English (Gloucestershire and South Wales) : most probably from the Norman personal name Luce (a vernacular form of Latin Lucia or Lucius). This is generally a female name, although male bearers are found in France. It was borne by a young Sicilian maiden and an aged Roman widow, both of whom were martyred under Diocletian and are venerated as saints.English (Gloucestershire and South Wales) : Alternatively, the surname may be a variant of Lewis.English (Gloucestershire and South Wales) : American bearers of this surname are descended from Henry Luce (1640–c.1688), who came to Scituate, MA, from south Wales in or before 1666, and moved to Martha’s Vineyard, MA, in about 1670. He had many prominent descendants.
Surname or Lastname
Japanese
Japanese : ‘front’ or ‘before’; not common in Japan. Some occurrences in America could be shortened versions of longer names beginning with this element.Hawaiian : unexplained.English : variant of May.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. It may be a nickname for a beggar, from an agent derivative of maund ‘beg’ (probably from Old French mendier, Late Latin mendicare); this word is not attested before the 16th century, but may well have been in use earlier. Alternatively it may be an occupational name for a maker of baskets, from an agent derivative of Middle English maund ‘basket’ (Old French mande, of Germanic origin); or perhaps for someone in some position of authority, from a shortened form of Middle English coma(u)nder (from coma(u)nden ‘to command’).German : habitational name from places called Mandern, in Hesse and the Rhineland.Belgian (van der Mander) : habitational name from a place called Ter Mandere or Mandel, in West Flanders, derived from the river name Mandel.Indian (Panjab) : Sikh (Dogar, Jat) name of unknown meaning, based on the names of clans in these communities.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : nickname from the small medieval coin known as the häller or heller because it was first minted (in 1208) at the Swabian town of (Schwäbisch) Hall. Compare Hall.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name for someone from Schwäbisch Hall.German : topographic name for someone living by a field named as ‘hell’ (see Helle 3).English : topographic name for someone living on a hill, from southeastern Middle English hell + the habitational suffix -er.Dutch : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements hild ‘strife’ + hari, heri ‘army’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname for a person with fair hair or a light complexion, from an inflected form, used before a male personal name, of German hell ‘light’, ‘bright’, Yiddish hel.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name from Middle English knyghte ‘knight’, Old English cniht ‘boy’, ‘youth’, ‘serving lad’. This word was used as a personal name before the Norman Conquest, and the surname may in part reflect a survival of this. It is also possible that in a few cases it represents a survival of the Old English sense into Middle English, as an occupational name for a domestic servant. In most cases, however, it clearly comes from the more exalted sense that the word achieved in the Middle Ages. In the feudal system introduced by the Normans the word was applied at first to a tenant bound to serve his lord as a mounted soldier. Hence it came to denote a man of some substance, since maintaining horses and armor was an expensive business. As feudal obligations became increasingly converted to monetary payments, the term lost its precise significance and came to denote an honorable estate conferred by the king on men of noble birth who had served him well. Knights in this last sense normally belonged to ancient noble families with distinguished family names of their own, so that the surname is more likely to have been applied to a servant in a knightly house or to someone who had played the part of a knight in a pageant or won the title in some contest of skill.Irish : part translation of Gaelic Mac an Ridire ‘son of the rider or knight’. See also McKnight.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of various places named with Middle English heghen, a weak plural of hegh, from Old English (ge)hæg ‘enclosure’. See also Haynes.English : from the Middle English personal name Hain, Heyne. This is derived from the Germanic personal name Hagano, originally a byname meaning ‘hawthorn’. It is found in England before the Conquest, but was popularized by the Normans. In the Danelaw, it may be derived from Old Norse Hagni, Hǫgni (see Hagan), a Scandinavianized version of the same name.English : nickname for a wretched individual, from Middle English hain(e), heyne ‘wretch’, ‘niggard’.German : topographic name for someone who lived by a patch of enclosed pastureland, Middle High German hage(n) (see Hagen 1), hain, or a habitational name from a place named Hain, from this word.German : from the Germanic personal name Hagin, originally a byname from the same element as in 2 above.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : metronymic from the Yiddish personal name Khaye ‘life’ + the Slavic possessive suffix -in.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the Norman personal name Aschetil (see Haskell).Stephen Hasket, a soap boiler and merchant of Salem, MA, was a native of Henstridge, Somerset, England. He came to Salem from Exeter, Devon, about 1666. His son Elias, born at Salem, went on to become governor of New Providence, Bahamas, before the people there revolted and sent him back to NY.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for an amiable person, also perhaps sometimes given in an ironical sense, from Middle English luvelich, loveli (Old English luflic). During the main period of surname formation the word was used in an active sense, ‘loving’, ‘kind’, ‘affectionate’, as well as the passive ‘lovable’, ‘worthy of love’. The meaning ‘attractive’, ‘beautiful’ is not clearly attested before the 14th century, and remained rare throughout the Middle Ages.New England Americanized form of French Lavallée (see Lavallee) or a similar name.
Surname or Lastname
English (Yorkshire)
English (Yorkshire) : nickname for a friendly or amiable person, from Middle English gode ‘good’ + will ‘desire’. The compound is attested in the sense ‘favorable disposition’ since before the Norman Conquest.
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