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Political movement in the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries
The back-to-Africa movement was a political movement in the 19th and 20th centuries advocating for a return of the descendants of African American enslaved
Back-to-Africa_movement
American free Black leader and Freemason (c. 1736 – 1807)
lobbied for education rights for African-American children. He was also active in the Back-to-Africa movement. Hall tried to gain a place for New York's enslaved
Prince_Hall
Abrahamic new religious movement originating in 1930s Jamaica
colonial culture, it was influenced by both Ethiopianism and the Back-to-Africa movement promoted by black nationalist figures such as Marcus Garvey. The
Rastafari
Movement encouraging solidarity among people of African ancestry
Pan-Africanism is a movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all indigenous peoples of Africa along with all peoples
Pan-Africanism
Leone Creole people. Africa portal Back-to-Africa movement Diaspora tourism Door of Return Genealogy tourism (Africa) Return to roots Right of return
African_Americans_in_Africa
Ideology that seeks to develop a Black national identity
from, similar concepts and movements such as Pan-Africanism, Ethiopianism, the back-to-Africa movement (also known as Black Zionism), Afrocentrism, and
Black_nationalism
Movement for separate institutions
original on February 17, 2021. Hall 1978, p. 3. "Back to Africa movement gathers pace". New African Magazine. January 4, 2019. Retrieved September 17
Black_separatism
Symbol of Africa and Ghana
as part of the Back-to-Africa movement, modelled its name on that of the White Star Line, changing the colour from white to black to symbolise ownership
Black_Star_of_Africa
pan-Africanist who during 1913 to 1915 encouraged the resettlement of African Americans as part of the Back-to-Africa movement. He was born at Apaso (Appasu)
Alfred_Sam
1965 novel by Chester Himes
Grave Digger and Coffin Ed know this and suspect that the whole Back-to-Africa movement is a cover for some kind of swindle. They question Iris, O’Malley's
Cotton Comes to Harlem (novel)
Cotton_Comes_to_Harlem_(novel)
19th-century Republican anti-African-American movement
was a response to the political and socioeconomic gains made by African Americans following the Civil War and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution
Lily-white_movement
Ethnic group of Liberia
by the Back-to-Africa movement. As black American emigration to Liberia continued steadily into the mid to late nineteenth century, the movement gained
Americo-Liberian_people
movement that grew in popularity during the 1970s saw the advent of African names among African-Americans, as well as names imagined to be "African-sounding"
African-American_names
1920s African-American cultural movement
The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural movement of African-American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics, and scholarship
Harlem_Renaissance
Annual African-American celebration
Kwanzaa (/ˈkwɑːnzə/) is an annual celebration of African-American culture from December 26 to January 1, culminating in a communal feast called Karamu
Kwanzaa
American white supremacist terrorist organization
local chapters, in reaction to high rates of immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe, and the internal migration of African Americans from the Southern
Black Legion (political movement)
Black_Legion_(political_movement)
African American new religious movement
Black Hebrews, Black Israelites, and African Hebrew Israelites) are a new religious movement claiming that African Americans are descendants of the ancient
Black_Hebrew_Israelites
Flag using the Pan-African colours
Universal African Flag Day. The flag was created as a response to racism against African Americans and because Marcus Garvey wanted to unify African Americans
Pan-African_flag
Variety of American English
to the historical enslavement of African Americans primarily in that region. Mainstream linguists see only minor parallels between AAVE, West African
African-American Vernacular English
African-American_Vernacular_English
Co-founder of the Black Panther Party (born 1936)
Bobby Seale (born October 22, 1936) is an African American revolutionary, political activist, and author. Seale co-founded the Marxist–Leninist and Black
Bobby_Seale
Jamaican activist and orator (1887–1940)
would pass laws to promote black racial purity. Although he never visited Africa, he remained committed to the Back-to-Africa movement, arguing that part
Marcus_Garvey
African American ethnic group in the Southern United States
roughly Pender County, North Carolina to St. Augustine, Florida. Gullahs are descendants of West and Central Africans enslaved on plantations in the islands
Gullah
Stock character who helps white protagonists
referring to the magical Negro as "Magical African American Friends" (MAAFs), says they are rooted in screenwriters' ignorance of African Americans:
Magical_Negro
Spiritual practices, traditions and beliefs
in Georgia. According to African American folklore, the Igbos who committed suicide had their souls fly back to Africa. An African American pre-med student
Hoodoo_(spirituality)
Novel by George S. Schuyler
the African continent. The novel is believed to be a lampoon of Marcus Garvey's Back-to-Africa movement and the Black Star Line. Novels portal African American
Black_Empire_(novel)
US black nationalist organization and movement
DC, House of Songhay II, 2020. African-American self-determination Secession in the United States Back-to-Africa movement Bantustan Black Power Deep South
Republic_of_New_Afrika
American Black separatist group
Move, Eddie Africa, Janet Africa, Janine Africa, Mike Africa, Debbie Africa, Delbert Africa, Chuck Africa, Phil Africa and Merle Africa were charged
MOVE (Philadelphia organization)
MOVE_(Philadelphia_organization)
Ethnic and cultural group in the United States
Spanish Florida South African Americans Stereotypes of African Americans Timeline of the civil rights movement African immigration to the United States West
African_Americans
been efforts to secure self-determination for African-Americans. Such efforts often intersect with the historic Back-to-Africa movement and general Black
African-American self-determination
African-American_self-determination
American writer
Rodgers points once again to the underlying foundation to which African Americans had been clinging even before the Black Arts Movement. By using her mother
Carolyn_Rodgers
Rastafari elder and drummer (1929–2006)
was a Jamaican Rastafari elder, drummer and a follower of the back-to-Africa movement founded in the 1910s by Marcus Garvey. He is best known as the
Mortimer_Planno
African-American fraternity
(1878–1942), prominent African American physician, surgeon, writer, and columnist who contributed profoundly to the National Negro Health Movement, an organization
Sigma_Pi_Phi
In the United States, abolitionism, the movement that sought to end chattel slavery in the country, was active from the colonial era until the American
Abolitionism in the United States
Abolitionism_in_the_United_States
African-American artisan and slave (c. 1784–1840)
an African-American artisan and slave who inspired a "back to Africa" movement among some of his offspring to connect with their roots in Africa, specifically
Scipio_Vaughan
Social movement in the United States
civil rights movement (1896–1954) was a long, primarily nonviolent series of actions to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans
Civil rights movement (1896–1954)
Civil_rights_movement_(1896–1954)
1995 demonstration by African-American men in Washington, D.C.
community. The march took place in the context of a larger grassroots movement that set out to win politicians' attention for urban and minority issues through
Million_Man_March
Literature by people from formerly colonized countries
of the African diaspora in African affairs. However, Garvey was unique in advancing a Pan-African philosophy to inspire a global mass movement and economic
Postcolonial_literature
Rastafari movement in America
Garvey initially came to the U.S. to preach black nationalism through the back-to-Africa movement. Displaced Africans would return to the land of their ancestors
Rastafari movement in the United States
Rastafari_movement_in_the_United_States
Music genre originating in 1860s
notes, can be traced back to the music of Africa. The origins of the blues are also closely related to the religious music of the African-American community
Blues
Ethnic cuisine of Black Americans
in the Black Power Movement saw soul food as something African-Americans should take pride in and used it to distinguish African-Americans from white
Soul_food
American baseball player (1860–1937)
Weldy and his brother Fleetwood became active in the Back-to-Africa movement and promoted emigration to Liberia. The brothers also established and edited
Weldy_Walker
1932 film
chronicles the rise and fall of a fictionalized charismatic leader of a back-to-Africa movement, modeled on the life of Marcus Garvey. The Black King chronicles
The_Black_King_(film)
1960s to 1980s African-American social movement
the Black power movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s, many African Americans adopted "Afro" hairstyles, African clothes, or African names (such as
Black_power_movement
Political ideology
proponent of the Back-to-Africa movement, Garvey called for a vanguard of educated and skilled African Americans to travel to West Africa, a journey which
Garveyism
1970 American action film by Ossie Davis
Back, Charleston Blue (1972). Deke "Reverend" O'Malley, a con man, is selling shares at a Harlem rally, for the purchase of a Back-to-Africa movement
Cotton_Comes_to_Harlem
This is a list of African-American actors by alphabetical order. To be included in this list, the person must have a Wikipedia article and/or references
List of African-American actors
List_of_African-American_actors
Ethnic group of Louisiana, USA
and the Black Cajuns assimilated into the African-American culture. Cajuns looked to the Civil Rights Movement and other Black liberation and empowerment
Louisiana_Creole_people
African-American culture, also known as Black American culture or Black culture in American English, refers to the cultural expressions of African Americans
African-American_culture
white family, a stereotype which dates back to the origin of Southern plantations. Society has also depicted African-Americans as having an unusual appetite
Stereotypes of African Americans
Stereotypes_of_African_Americans
Spread of people with African heritage
Men of America African Caribbean leftism Raizal Rastafari movement Back-to-Africa movement Black anarchism Black leftism Black nationalism Black populism
Outline_of_African_diaspora
Southern states saw net African American migration gains. In 2014, African American millennials moved in the highest numbers to Texas, Georgia, Florida
List of U.S. cities with large Black populations
List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Black_populations
Isaiah H. Dickerson. According to some historians, the organization was "the first mass reparations movement led by African Americans." The organization
Reparations for slavery in the United States
Reparations_for_slavery_in_the_United_States
Kinky hair types
African-American hair, also known as Black hair, refers to natural hair textures, styles and cultural practices associated with people of African descent
African-American_hair
Black nationalist fraternal organization
was not solely a "Back to Africa" movement, the organization did work to arrange for emigration for African Americans who wanted to go there. In late
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_and_African_Communities_League
African-American history started with the forced transportation of Black Africans to North America in the 16th and 17th centuries. The European colonization
African-American_history
Musical traditions of Black African American Slaves people
African-American music served to uplift the spirits and hearts of those fighting for civil rights. Guy Carawan referred to the Civil Rights Movement as
African-American_music
African-American religious minority
African-American history in general, and goes back to the Revolutionary and Antebellum eras. October is Muslim African American Heritage Month. Islam has historically
African-American_Muslims
Claims and debunked claims of African-American heritage
United States had African ancestry. Barack Obama, who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017, had an African father and an American
African heritage of presidents of the United States
African_heritage_of_presidents_of_the_United_States
Forced or promoted return of non-European immigrants
White nationalism Identitarian movement Nativism Great Replacement conspiracy theory Back-to-Africa movement "Go back to where you came from" War-time
Remigration
Americans with both Indigenous American and Black identities
are Native American people of African American heritage, or person of African American descent with strong cultural ties to Native American communities
Black Indians in the United States
Black_Indians_in_the_United_States
English sociolects spoken by black people in the US and Canada
commonly, African-American English is an umbrella term that refers to a dialect continuum ranging from African-American Vernacular English to more standard
African-American_English
Group of political ideologies
intellectuals from the Back-to-Africa movement who imported nationalist ideals current in Europe and the Americas at the time. The early African nationalists were
African_nationalism
Social history in the southeastern US
knew which we preferred." The civil rights movement and related changes in the production of history of African Americans raised new interest in elements
Black Belt in the American South
Black_Belt_in_the_American_South
1954–1968 U.S. social movement
disenfranchisement in the country, which most commonly affected African Americans. The movement had origins in the Reconstruction era in the late 19th century
Civil_rights_movement
Caucus comprising most black members of the U.S. Congress
worked closely with this organization to start the national anti-apartheid movement in the US, Free South Africa Movement (characterized by sit-ins, student
Congressional_Black_Caucus
People who are both African American and Jewish
converts to Judaism. Many African-American Jews are of mixed heritage, having both non-Jewish African-American and non-Black Jewish ancestors. Many African-American
African-American_Jews
Percussive dance in African-American culture
is a form of percussive dance in African-American culture. The performer's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds
Stepping_(African-American)
Late 19th-/early 20th-century period of US history
family or sent train tickets back home. In response, as white southerners observed train platforms packed with African Americans, several cities passed
Nadir of American race relations
Nadir_of_American_race_relations
Laws enforcing racial segregation in the U.S.
fountains and restrooms. The exclusion of African Americans also found support in the Republican Lily-white movement. The Civil Rights Act of 1875, introduced
Jim_Crow_laws
organized to achieve social, political, and economic equality by teaching African American students to be social change agents for the Civil Rights Movement; Black
History of African-American education
History_of_African-American_education
Boston Massacre victim (1723–1770)
lately belonged to New Providence, and was here in order to go for North Carolina." Attucks became an icon of the anti-slavery movement in the mid-19th
Crispus_Attucks
Movement encouraging black people to embrace their African heritage and culture
Black pride is a movement that encourages black people to celebrate their respective cultures and embrace their African heritage. In the United States
Black_pride
Independence from the UK on 6 August 1962
promoted the Back-to-Africa movement, which called for everyone of African descent to return to the homelands of their ancestors. Garvey, to no avail, pleaded
Independence_of_Jamaica
was an African American singing school master and composer. He was an early proponent of the Back-to-Africa movement. Gardner was transported to the colonies
Newport_Gardner
Defunct Garveyist American shipping company
a key part of Garvey's contribution to the Back-to-Africa movement, but it was mostly unsuccessful, partly due to infiltration by FBI agents. It was only
Black_Star_Line
National holiday in Jamaica
labor leader and an advocate of the Back-to-Africa movement, which called for everyone of African descent to return to the homelands of their ancestors.
Independence_Day_(Jamaica)
Storytelling and oral history
African-American folktales refer to the storytelling and oral history practices of enslaved African Americans from the 1700s through the 1900s and African
African-American_folktales
African americans making aliyah to Israel
Gabriel called him to take his people, African Americans, back to the Holy Land of Israel. Initially, the African Hebrew Israelites asserted that they were
African_Americans_in_Israel
Movement aiming to eliminate racial discrimination against African Americans
The civil rights movement (1865–1896) aimed to eliminate racial discrimination against African Americans, improve their educational and employment opportunities
Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
Civil_rights_movement_(1865–1896)
U.S. holiday, June 19
celebrations date back to 1866, at first involving church-centered community gatherings in Texas. They spread across the South among newly freed African-Americans
Juneteenth
Framework for analyzing racism against African Americans
historiographical framework and rhetorical term used to analyze the past and present impact of systemic racism on African Americans by both the United States government
Black genocide in the United States
Black_genocide_in_the_United_States
American activist and businessman (1809–1900)
black-owned businesses in Kansas and developed an interest in the Back-to-Africa movement. Although it is known that Singleton was enslaved at birth in 1809
Benjamin_"Pap"_Singleton
Black Canadians in Nova Scotia
(also known as African Nova Scotians, Afro-Nova Scotians, and Africadians) are Black Canadians whose ancestors primarily date back to the Colonial United
Black_Nova_Scotians
Sociological phenomenon
social movement that promotes the repatriation of black people from the United States and Europe to Africa. The term now includes all people of African heritage
Blaxit
American musical comedy
Colonization Society's back-to-Africa movement of the earlier nineteenth century. In Dahomey is regarded as a marquee turning point for African-American representation
In_Dahomey
1959 film
Come Back, Africa is a 1959 film, the second feature-length film written, produced, and directed by American independent filmmaker Lionel Rogosin. The
Come_Back,_Africa
Annual celebration of Black history
as African-American History Month. It began as a way of remembering important people and events in African-American history, before it spread to other
Black_History_Month
of America's Black Liberation Movement". UC Berkeley. "Black History, and the Shinnecock Indian Nation, a story". African American Registry. Retrieved
African Americans in New York (state)
African_Americans_in_New_York_(state)
Ethnic group
of the Black Seminoles traces back to the coast of Africa from West African Pidgin English, eventually making its way to Georgia and South Carolina's Sea
Black_Seminoles
Ethnic group
African Americans have significantly contributed to the history, culture, and development of Illinois since the early 18th century. The African American
African_Americans_in_Illinois
Relations between Blacks and Jews in America
was an attempt to combine Jewish music and jazz into a new genre. During the civil rights movement (1954–1968), American Jews and African Americans formed
African American–Jewish relations
African_American–Jewish_relations
more likely to be drafted than White Americans. The Vietnam War saw the highest proportion of African-American soldiers in the US military up to that point
Military history of African Americans in the Vietnam War
Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_Vietnam_War
Ethnic group descended from people of African descent enslaved in the United States
1817 would begin the Back to Africa movement with the goal of resettling free African Americans and newly emancipated slaves back to their home country
African-American_diaspora
Civil Rights Movement in the US during the Cold War
African American women of the nonviolent civil rights movement (1954–1968) played a significant role to its impact and success. Women involved participated
African-American women in the civil rights movement
African-American_women_in_the_civil_rights_movement
All-white municipalities that practice a form of racial segregation
on the nighttime activities and movements of African Americans and other racial minorities date back to the colonial era. The general court and legislative
Sundown_town
American businessman (1759–1817)
their economy. Some historians relate Cuffe's work to the "Back to Africa" movement being promoted by the newly organized American Colonization Society
Paul_Cuffe
Christian congregations in the U.S. that minister predominantly to African Americans
African American Christianity) is the faith and body of Christian denominations and congregations in the United States that predominantly minister to
Black_church
Social class
The African-American upper class, sometimes referred to as the black upper class or black elite, is a social class that consists of African-American individuals
African-American_upper_class
Topics referred to by the same term
Gwinn (c. 1755–?), one of the first African-Americans to participate in the antebellum American Back-to-Africa movement Gwinn Henry (1887–1955), American
Gwinn
1960s–1970s art movement
The Black Arts Movement (BAM) was an African-American-led art movement that was active during the 1960s and 1970s. Through activism and art, BAM created
Black_Arts_Movement
travel, tourism, insurance
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BACK TO-AFRICA-MOVEMENT
BACK TO-AFRICA-MOVEMENT
BACK TO-AFRICA-MOVEMENT
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BACK TO-AFRICA-MOVEMENT
BACK TO-AFRICA-MOVEMENT
BACK TO-AFRICA-MOVEMENT
BACK TO-AFRICA-MOVEMENT
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