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Clade including all birds and their ancestors
Avialae ("bird wings") is a clade of archosaurian vertebrates containing the only living branch of dinosaurs, the birds (class Aves), and their closest
Avialae
Clade of bird-like dinosaurs
troodontids, while the body mass continued to decrease in many forms within Avialae. Fossils show that all the earliest members of Paraves found to date started
Paraves
Extinct genus of bird-like dinosaurs
popular reference books as the oldest known bird (member of the group Avialae). Older potential avialans have since been identified, including Anchiornis
Archaeopteryx
Clade of feathered dinosaurs
related to them than to Ornithomimus velox. It contains the major subgroups Avialae, Dromaeosauridae, Troodontidae, Oviraptorosauria, and Therizinosauria.
Maniraptora
Family of theropod dinosaurs
Dromaeosauridae, with some authors considering them as a separate lineage of Avialae. The earliest body fossils are known from the Early Cretaceous (145–140
Dromaeosauridae
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
member of the family Scansoriopterygidae and as a basal member of the clade Avialae; this was confirmed by the subsequent analysis conducted by Hu et al. (2009)
Epidexipteryx
Monophyletic closure of a set of living species
or not. Although often considered as birds (i.e. members of the clade Avialae), Archaeopteryx and other extinct groups are not included in the crown
Crown_group
Extinct family of dinosaurs
coelurosaurs, Phil Senter found Scansoriopteryx to be a member of the clade Avialae. This view was supported by a second phylogenetic analysis performed by
Scansoriopterygidae
Extinct family of dinosaurs
Archaeopterygidae, or an assemblage of dinosaurs that are an evolutionary grade within Avialae or Paraves. Anchiornithids share many general features with other paravians
Anchiornithidae
This is an incomplete list that briefly describes vertebrates that were extant during the Campanian, a stage of the Late Cretaceous Period which extended
List of vertebrate fauna of the Campanian stage
List_of_vertebrate_fauna_of_the_Campanian_stage
Warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers
known only from fossils, and assigning them, instead, to the broader group Avialae, on the principle that a clade based on extant species should be limited
Bird
of this article, a 'bird' is considered to be any member of the clade Avialae. Some dinosaur groups which may or may not be true birds are listed below
List_of_fossil_bird_genera
Clade of dinosaurs
Longrich, N. R. (2017). "Maaqwi cascadensis: A large, marine diving bird (Avialae: Ornithurae) from the Upper Cretaceous of British Columbia, Canada". PLOS
Ornithurae
Dinosaur with feathers
from dinosaurs that are very primitive members of the bird lineage, or Avialae. The most primitive example is Epidexipteryx, which had a short tail with
Feathered_dinosaur
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
concluded that it was an early member of the group Avialae, along with Archaeopteryx. Members of Avialae, called avialans, are all more closely related to
Anchiornis
Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs
with Halszkaraptoridae, Anchiornithidae, and Archaeopteryx) as within Avialae. The two trees recovered are reproduced below: Consensus Improved (equal
Unenlagiinae
Origin and diversification of reptiles through geologic time
Ornitholestes Therizinosauroids Alvarezsaurids Oviraptorosaurs Paraves Avialae (birds and their closest relatives) Deinonychosaurs Troodontids Dromaeosaurs
Evolution_of_reptiles
Derivation of birds from a dinosaur precursor
If the latter classification is used then the larger group is termed Avialae. Currently, the relationship between non-avian dinosaurs, Archaeopteryx
Evolution_of_birds
Extinct family of dinosaurs
related to Avialae: In 2025, Motta et al. recovered Unenlagiidae (along with Halszkaraptoridae, Anchiornithidae, and Archaeopteryx) as within Avialae. The two
Unenlagiidae
Extinct species of dinosaurs
metatarsals into a tarsometatarsus. The degree of fusion is typical for the Avialae, the evolutionary branch of the birds and their direct relatives. The position
Balaur_bondoc
Clade of dinosaurs
the ornithischians, then in the lineage of saurischians including birds (Avialae), and lastly in the therizinosaurians. This would then be an example of
Saurischia
Genus of extinct avialan
clade Xu et al. named Zhengheornithidae. These taxa are placed within the Avialae, diverging after Anchiornithidae and Archaeopteryx, but immediately before
Yuezhuornis
Extinct clade of aquatic avialans closely related to modern birds
Phylogenetic Taxonomy, and Systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
Hesperornithes
Diverse clade of specialized reptiles
2019. Weishampel, Dodson & Osmólska 2004, pp. 210–231, chpt. 11: "Basal Avialae" by Kevin Padian. Wade, Nicholas (March 22, 2017). "Shaking Up the Dinosaur
Dinosaur
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
dinosaurs. Described in 1996, it was the first dinosaur taxon outside of Avialae (birds and their immediate relatives) to be found with evidence of feathers
Sinosauropteryx
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Xu et al. therefore (re)defined the concepts of Deinonychosauria and Avialae to the extent that Archaeopteryx and Xiaotingia belonged to the Deinonychosauria
Xiaotingia
Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs
(along with Unenlagiidae, Anchiornithidae, and Archaeopteryx) as within Avialae. The two trees recovered are reproduced below: Consensus Improved (equal
Halszkaraptorinae
Genus of avialan dinosaurs
phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 286:
Guildavis
comprehensive list of all Mesozoic dinosaurs that have been assigned to the clade Avialae (birds, in the broadest sense). The list includes all commonly accepted
List_of_Mesozoic_birds
Geographic distribution of paravian dinosaurs
Dromaeosauridae and Troodontidae (historically grouped under Deinonychosauria) and Avialae (including crown group birds, i.e. modern birds). The distribution of paraves
Biogeography of paravian dinosaurs
Biogeography_of_paravian_dinosaurs
Extant clade of dinosaurs
gracile predatory or omnivorous theropods with small teeth and sickle claws) Avialae (birds and extinct relatives) †Omnivoropterygidae (large, early short-tailed
Theropoda
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
M. A. (1994). "Skeletal morphology of Mononykus olecranus (Theropoda, Avialae) from the late Cretaceous of Mongolia". American Museum Novitates (3105):
Mononykus
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
a sister taxon of the birds, which would make it a basal member of the Avialae sensu Gauthier 1986. However, in 1999 Mark Norell and Peter Makovicky stated
Unenlagia
Family of extinct long-legged dinosaurs
of Alvarezsauridae within Avialae. Several researchers considered it unlikely that alvarezsaurids were members of Avialae. Similarities between birds
Alvarezsauridae
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
closer to Avialae than to dromaeosaurines. A large analysis published by Agnolín and Novas (2013) recovered Rahonavis as closer to Avialae than to Dromaeosauridae
Rahonavis
Extinct genus of theropod dinosaurs
as the sister taxon of Rahonavis in a clade that is the sister-taxon of avialae and to which unenlagiidae is basal. The Overoraptor-Rahonavis clade was
Overoraptor
Extinct superfamily of dinosaurs
first, they were interpreted as a sister group of Avialae (birds) or nested within the group Avialae and considered to be flightless birds, because they
Alvarezsauroidea
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
to the Ornithothoraces clade, belonging to Avialae, or a sister taxon to a clade made up of all other Avialae except Archaeopteryx. The creators of the
Chongmingia
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Scansoriopteryx to be a close relative of true birds and a member of the clade Avialae. The status of the name Scansoriopteryx has been controversial. The type
Scansoriopteryx
Dinosaurs possessing bird features
example, used the term "protobird" for primitive members of the clade Avialae. In this sense, protobirds would include animals like Confuciusornis, Sapeornis
Protobird
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
troodontid, and shares features with the most basal dromaeosaurids and Avialae. It thus was one of the first fossil specimens conclusively demonstrating
Sinovenator
Genus of theropod dinosaur
Wang, Min; Zhou, Zhonghe (14 November 2019). "An unusual bird (Theropoda, Avialae) from the Early Cretaceous of Japan suggests complex evolutionary history
Fukuiraptor
Extinct family of bird-like dinosaurs
found to be early troodontids, early members of the closely related group Avialae, or more primitive paravians by various studies. The cladogram below follows
Troodontidae
Theropod dinosaur genus
Eumaniraptora †Jinfengopteryx †Aurornis †Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae Avialae †Anchiornis †Archaeopteryx True birds and other avialans Cladogram following
Jinfengopteryx
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
analysis conducted by Brusatte et al. (2014) recovered Aurornis outside Avialae; it was recovered as a troodontid closely related to Anchiornis, Xiaotingia
Aurornis
Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs
this group of dinosaurs resided in the Paraves potentially close to the Avialae. Jinfengopterygines were relatively small sized troodontids ranging from
Jinfengopteryginae
Extinct clade of dinosaurs
phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
Ichthyornithes
Family of birds
August 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2015. Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Aves [Avialae]– basal birds". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
Phasianidae
Genus of extinct avialan
et al. (2025) recovered Baminornis as a basally-branching member of the Avialae, diverging after Archaeopteryx but before Jeholornis. The researchers noted
Baminornis
Clade of dinosaurs
2007-12-09. Retrieved 2007-01-29. (on "Coelurosaurus") Padian, K (2004). "Basal Avialae". In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.). The Dinosauria
Coelurosauria
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1-179
Apatornis
Extinct genus of birds
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: †Enantiornithes Genus: †Monoenantiornis Species: †M. sihedangia
Monoenantiornis
Genus of theropod dinosaur
Oviraptorosauria and Paraves. The latter contains Dromaeosauridae, Troodontidae, and Avialae (which includes modern birds). Additional smaller clades (Unenlagiinae
Changzhousaurus
Clade of birds
phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 286:
Pangalliformes
Genus of therizinosaurid dinosaurs
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Duonychus
ISBN 978-0-595-49596-2. OCLC 757322661. Padian, Kevin (2004). "Basal Avialae". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.). The
History_of_life
Extinct genus of ornithomimosaurian dinosaurs
Miyata, K., Wang, M., & Zhou, Z. (2019). An unusual bird (Theropoda, Avialae) from the Early Cretaceous of Japan suggests complex evolutionary history
Tyrannomimus
Order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds
Phylogenetic Taxonomy, and Systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
Galliformes
Extinct genus of birds
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Pelagornis
Faked dinosaur discovery in China
540 (29 Mar 2001), doi:10.1038/35069145 Padian, Kevin. (2004). "Basal Avialae". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.). The
Archaeoraptor
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
preconceived ideas". The crown group definition of Aves, as a subset of Avialae, the explicit definition of the term "bird" that Norell employs, would
Microraptor
Genus of extinct avialan
matrix of Chen et al. (2025). Zhengheornis was recovered as a member of the Avialae, diverging after Anchiornithidae and Archaeopteryx, but immediately before
Zhengheornis
Extinct genus of birds
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: †Enantiornithes Family: †Pengornithidae Genus: †Eopengornis Species:
Eopengornis
Extinct genus of enantiornithean theropod
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: †Enantiornithes Genus: †Fortunguavis Species: †F. xiaotaizicus Binomial
Fortunguavis
Genus of maniraptoran dinosaur
Therizinosauroidea Migmanychion Fukuivenator Ornithomimosauria Alvarezsauroidea Pennaraptora Oviraptorosauria Paraves Dromaeosauridae Troodontidae Avialae
Migmanychion
Extinct genus of avialan dinosaurs
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: †Enantiornithes Genus: †Otogornis Species: †O. genghisi Binomial
Otogornis
Dinosaur genus from the Late Cretaceous period
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Therizinosaurus
Genus of alvarezsaurid dinosaurs
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Jaculinykus
Extinct genus of birds
phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
Ichthyornis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 286:
Iaceornis
Body-covering structure of birds
have been discovered in the clade Maniraptora, which includes the clade Avialae and the recent common ancestors of birds, Oviraptorosauria and Deinonychosauria
Feather
Extinct family of birds
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Dromornithidae
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
side. Rauhut et al. (2019) placed Alcmonavis in a basal position in the Avialae, just above Archaeopteryx in the evolutionary tree. The cladogram below
Alcmonavis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
alvarezsauroids was uncertain. Some authors believed them to be the sister group to avialae, while others believed the anatomical similarity to birds were the result
Haplocheirus
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
the description of Yandangornis more closely resembles the current clade Avialae, which is defined as all animals more closely related to modern birds (Aves)
Yandangornis
Extinct genus of birds
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Gastornis
(waterfowl) Eocene 21 Gargantuavis philoinos 120 kg (260 lb) Gargantuaviidae Avialae Late Cretaceous 22 Palaeeudyptes klekowskii 116 kg (256 lb) Spheniscidae
List_of_largest_birds
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Paraves Anchiornis Eosinopteryx Pedopenna Imperobator Xiaotingia Aurornis Troodontidae Dromaeosauridae Avialae
Imperobator
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
claimed that Archaeornithoides was the closest known relative to birds or Avialae. This conclusion rested on key bird-like features; an interdigitated suture
Archaeornithoides
Family of dinosaurs
July 2011). "An Archaeopteryx-like theropod from China and the origin of Avialae" (PDF). Nature. 475 (7357): 465–470. doi:10.1038/nature10288. PMID 21796204
Archaeopterygidae
Scientific study of prehistoric vertebrates
diversified, leading to teleost fish dominating the seas. Ancestral birds (Avialae) like Archaeopteryx first evolved from dinosaurs during the Jurassic, with
Vertebrate_paleontology
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
which the fossil was found suggests a wetland paleoecology. Apart from the Avialae, most paravian groups had only few members with some flight capability
Hesperornithoides
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
colleagues suggested that Elopteryx is indeed a paravian and a member of the Avialae based on its new specimen, and that Balaur bondoc is probably a junior
Elopteryx
Extinct family of dinosaurs
reassigned the Avisauridae to the class Aves (which is equivalent to the clade Avialae in modern usage) and the subclass Enantiornithes in 1992. He noted that
Avisauridae
Genus of alvarezsaurid dinosaurs
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Manipulonyx
Clade of dinosaurs
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: Pygostylia Clade: Ornithothoraces Chiappe & Calvo, 1994 Subgroups
Ornithothoraces
Group of birds
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: Ornithurae Clade: Carinatae
Carinatae
Extinct genus of enantiornithean
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: †Enantiornithes Genus: †Gretcheniao Species: †G. sinensis Binomial
Gretcheniao
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Zhang, J., Yuan, C., Ji, X., Li, J. and Li, Y (2002). "[Discovery of an avialae bird - Shenzhouraptor sinensis gen. et sp. nov - from China]." Geological
Jeholornis
Clade including all feathered animals
before the primitive split between dinosaurs and pterosaurs (Ornithodira). Avialae Aviremigia Bird flight Feathered dinosaurs Gauthier, J. and de Queiroz
Avifilopluma
Extinct genus of anchiornithid dinosaurs
†Oviraptorosauria Paraves †Deinonychosauria Dromaeosauridae Troodontidae Avialae †Archaeopteryx †Jeholornis Pygostylia †Confuciusornithidae Ornithothoraces
Fujianvenator
Genus of enantiornithean birds
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: †Enantiornithes Genus: †Magnusavis Species: †M. ekalakaensis Binomial
Magnusavis
Clade of extant dinosaurs
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: Avebrevicauda Paul, 2002 Clade: Pygostylia Paul, 2002 Subgroups
Pygostylia
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
an intermediate stage between Sinosauropteryx and more advanced birds (Avialae). The tail was also covered in feathers between 4–7 cm (1.6–2.8 in), consisting
Beipiaosaurus
Extinct family of birds
R. Longrich (2017). "Maaqwi cascadensis: A large, marine diving bird (Avialae: Ornithurae) from the Upper Cretaceous of British Columbia, Canada". PLOS
Vegaviidae
Extinct genus of dinosaur
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Yi_(dinosaur)
Extinct clade of avialan dinosaurs
anatomically modern birds), and place Enantiornithes in the more inclusive group Avialae. Enantiornithes were more advanced than Archaeopteryx, Confuciusornis,
Enantiornithes
Extinct genus of birds
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Dromornis
Italian science journalist (1928–2022)
Liu, Yichuan; Chiappe, Luis M. (24 September 2024). "A new gansuid bird (Avialae, Euornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) Jiufotang Formation of
Piero_Angela
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Trelew. Novas, F. E. 1997. Anatomy of Patagonykus puertai (Theropoda, Avialae, Alvarezsauridae), from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate
Patagonykus
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