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Clade including all birds and their ancestors
Avialae ("bird wings") is a clade containing the only living dinosaurs, the birds, and their closest relatives. It is usually defined as all theropod
Avialae
Clade of feathered dinosaurs
related to them than to Ornithomimus velox. It contains the major subgroups Avialae, Dromaeosauridae, Troodontidae, Oviraptorosauria, and Therizinosauria.
Maniraptora
Clade of bird-like dinosaurs
troodontids, while the body mass continued to decrease in many forms within Avialae. Fossils show that all the earliest members of Paraves found to date started
Paraves
Extinct genus of bird-like dinosaurs
popular reference books as the oldest known bird (member of the group Avialae). Older potential avialans have since been identified, including Anchiornis
Archaeopteryx
Warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers
known only from fossils, and assigning them, instead, to the broader group Avialae, on the principle that a clade based on extant species should be limited
Bird
Family of theropod dinosaurs
Dromaeosauridae, with some authors considering them as a separate lineage of Avialae. The earliest body fossils are known from the Early Cretaceous (145–140
Dromaeosauridae
Extinct family of dinosaurs
related to Avialae: In 2025, Motta et al. recovered Unenlagiidae (along with Halszkaraptoridae, Anchiornithidae, and Archaeopteryx) as within Avialae. The two
Unenlagiidae
Clade of reptiles
2019. Weishampel, Dodson & Osmólska 2004, pp. 210–231, chpt. 11: "Basal Avialae" by Kevin Padian. Wade, Nicholas (March 22, 2017). "Shaking Up the Dinosaur
Dinosaur
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
member of the family Scansoriopterygidae and as a basal member of the clade Avialae; this was confirmed by the subsequent analysis conducted by Hu et al. (2009)
Epidexipteryx
Monophyletic closure of a set of living species
or not. Although often considered as birds (i.e. members of the clade Avialae), Archaeopteryx and other extinct groups are not included in the crown
Crown_group
Dinosaur with feathers
from dinosaurs that are very primitive members of the bird lineage, or Avialae. The most primitive example is Epidexipteryx, which had a short tail with
Feathered_dinosaur
Extinct species of dinosaurs
metatarsals into a tarsometatarsus. The degree of fusion is typical for the Avialae, the evolutionary branch of the birds and their direct relatives. The position
Balaur_bondoc
Clade of dinosaurs
the ornithischians, then in the lineage of saurischians including birds (Avialae), and lastly in the therizinosaurians. This would then be an example of
Saurischia
Origin and diversification of reptiles through geologic time
Ornitholestes Therizinosauroids Alvarezsaurids Oviraptorosaurs Paraves Avialae (birds and their closest relatives) Deinonychosaurs Troodontids Dromaeosaurs
Evolution_of_reptiles
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
concluded that it was an early member of the group Avialae, along with Archaeopteryx. Members of Avialae, called avialans, are all more closely related to
Anchiornis
Extinct family of dinosaurs
Archaeopterygidae, or an assemblage of dinosaurs that are an evolutionary grade within Avialae or Paraves. Anchiornithids share many general features with other paravians
Anchiornithidae
Clade of dinosaurs
Longrich, N. R. (2017). "Maaqwi cascadensis: A large, marine diving bird (Avialae: Ornithurae) from the Upper Cretaceous of British Columbia, Canada". PLOS
Ornithurae
Extinct clade of aquatic avialans closely related to modern birds
Phylogenetic Taxonomy, and Systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
Hesperornithes
of this article, a 'bird' is considered to be any member of the clade Avialae. Some dinosaur groups which may or may not be true birds are listed below
List_of_fossil_bird_genera
Extinct family of dinosaurs
coelurosaurs, Phil Senter found Scansoriopteryx to be a member of the clade Avialae. This view was supported by a second phylogenetic analysis performed by
Scansoriopterygidae
This is an incomplete list that briefly describes vertebrates that were extant during the Campanian, a stage of the Late Cretaceous Period which extended
List of vertebrate fauna of the Campanian stage
List_of_vertebrate_fauna_of_the_Campanian_stage
Derivation of birds from a dinosaur precursor
If the latter classification is used then the larger group is termed Avialae. Currently, the relationship between non-avian dinosaurs, Archaeopteryx
Evolution_of_birds
Extant clade of dinosaurs
theropods) †Troodontidae (small, gracile predatory or omnivorous theropods) Avialae (birds and extinct relatives) †Omnivoropterygidae (large, early short-tailed
Theropoda
Extinct genus of theropod dinosaurs
as the sister taxon of Rahonavis in a clade that is the sister-taxon of avialae and to which unenlagiidae is basal. The Overoraptor-Rahonavis clade was
Overoraptor
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Xu et al. therefore (re)defined the concepts of Deinonychosauria and Avialae to the extent that Archaeopteryx and Xiaotingia belonged to the Deinonychosauria
Xiaotingia
Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs
with Halszkaraptoridae, Anchiornithidae, and Archaeopteryx) as within Avialae. The two trees recovered are reproduced below: Consensus Improved (equal
Unenlagiinae
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
closer to Avialae than to dromaeosaurines. A large analysis published by Agnolín and Novas (2013) recovered Rahonavis as closer to Avialae than to Dromaeosauridae
Rahonavis
Dinosaurs possessing bird features
example, used the term "protobird" for primitive members of the clade Avialae. In this sense, protobirds would include animals like Confuciusornis, Sapeornis
Protobird
Geographic distribution of paravian dinosaurs
Dromaeosauridae and Troodontidae (historically grouped under Deinonychosauria) and Avialae (including crown group birds, i.e. modern birds). The distribution of paraves
Biogeography of paravian dinosaurs
Biogeography_of_paravian_dinosaurs
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
a sister taxon of the birds, which would make it a basal member of the Avialae sensu Gauthier 1986. However, in 1999 Mark Norell and Peter Makovicky stated
Unenlagia
Genus of extinct avialan
et al. (2025) recovered Baminornis as a basally-branching member of the Avialae, diverging after Archaeopteryx but before Jeholornis. The researchers noted
Baminornis
comprehensive list of all Mesozoic dinosaurs that have been assigned to the clade Avialae (birds, in the broadest sense). The list includes all commonly accepted
List_of_Mesozoic_birds
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
dinosaurs. Described in 1996, it was the first dinosaur taxon outside of Avialae (birds and their immediate relatives) to be found with evidence of feathers
Sinosauropteryx
Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs
(along with Unenlagiidae, Anchiornithidae, and Archaeopteryx) as within Avialae. The two trees recovered are reproduced below: Consensus Improved (equal
Halszkaraptorinae
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
to the Ornithothoraces clade, belonging to Avialae, or a sister taxon to a clade made up of all other Avialae except Archaeopteryx. The creators of the
Chongmingia
Genus of therizinosaurid dinosaurs
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Duonychus
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
alvarezsauroids was uncertain. Some authors believed them to be the sister group to avialae, while others believed the anatomical similarity to birds were the result
Haplocheirus
Faked dinosaur discovery in China
540 (29 Mar 2001), doi:10.1038/35069145 Padian, Kevin. (2004). "Basal Avialae". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.). The
Archaeoraptor
Genus of theropod dinosaur
Oviraptorosauria and Paraves. The latter contains Dromaeosauridae, Troodontidae, and Avialae (which includes modern birds). Additional smaller clades (Unenlagiinae
Changzhousaurus
Extinct genus of ornithomimosaurian dinosaurs
Miyata, K., Wang, M., & Zhou, Z. (2019). An unusual bird (Theropoda, Avialae) from the Early Cretaceous of Japan suggests complex evolutionary history
Tyrannomimus
Extinct family of bird-like dinosaurs
found to be early troodontids, early members of the closely related group Avialae, or more primitive paravians by various studies. The cladogram below follows
Troodontidae
Megaraptoran theropod dinosaur genus from the Early Cretaceous epoch
Wang, Min; Zhou, Zhonghe (14 November 2019). "An unusual bird (Theropoda, Avialae) from the Early Cretaceous of Japan suggests complex evolutionary history
Fukuiraptor
Extinct genus of birds
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: †Enantiornithes Genus: †Monoenantiornis Species: †M. sihedangia
Monoenantiornis
Family of birds
August 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2015. Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Aves [Avialae]– basal birds". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
Phasianidae
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
troodontid, and shares features with the most basal dromaeosaurids and Avialae. It thus was one of the first fossil specimens conclusively demonstrating
Sinovenator
Clade of dinosaurs
2007-12-09. Retrieved 2007-01-29. (on "Coelurosaurus") Padian, K (2004). "Basal Avialae". In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.). The Dinosauria
Coelurosauria
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Fukuivenator Falcarius Therizinosauroidea Beipiaosaurus Alxasaurus Erliansaurus Therizinosauridae Pennaraptora Oviraptorosauria Paraves Deinonychosauria Avialae
Fukuivenator
Extinct clade of dinosaurs
phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
Ichthyornithes
Extinct genus of birds
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: †Enantiornithes Family: †Pengornithidae Genus: †Eopengornis Species:
Eopengornis
Island and commumity in British Columbia, Canada
(8 December 2017). "Maaqwi cascadensis: A large, marine diving bird (Avialae: Ornithurae) from the Upper Cretaceous of British Columbia, Canada". PLOS
Hornby_Island
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
M. A. (1994). "Skeletal morphology of Mononykus olecranus (Theropoda, Avialae) from the late Cretaceous of Mongolia". American Museum Novitates (3105):
Mononykus
Clade of birds
phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 286:
Pangalliformes
Order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds
Phylogenetic Taxonomy, and Systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
Galliformes
Extinct genus of enantiornithean theropod
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: †Enantiornithes Genus: †Fortunguavis Species: †F. xiaotaizicus Binomial
Fortunguavis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
preconceived ideas". The crown group definition of Aves, as a subset of Avialae, the explicit definition of the term "bird" that Norell employs, would
Microraptor
Genus of maniraptoran dinosaurs
Therizinosauroidea Migmanychion Fukuivenator Ornithomimosauria Alvarezsauroidea Pennaraptora Oviraptorosauria Paraves Dromaeosauridae Troodontidae Avialae
Migmanychion
Extinct genus of birds
phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
Ichthyornis
Group of birds
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: Ornithurae Clade: Carinatae
Carinatae
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Zhang, J., Yuan, C., Ji, X., Li, J. and Li, Y (2002). "[Discovery of an avialae bird - Shenzhouraptor sinensis gen. et sp. nov - from China]." Geological
Jeholornis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1-179
Apatornis
Extinct genus of birds
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Pelagornis
ISBN 978-0-595-49596-2. OCLC 757322661. Padian, Kevin (2004). "Basal Avialae". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.). The
History_of_life
Geological formation in Mongolia
indet. Troodontidae indet. Dromaeosauridae indet. Titanosauria indet. Avialae indet. Psittacosaurus mongoliensis Psittacosaurus cf xinjiangensis Psittacosaurus
Shestakovskaya_Svita
Family of extinct long-legged dinosaurs
of Alvarezsauridae within Avialae. Several researchers considered it unlikely that alvarezsaurids were members of Avialae. Similarities between birds
Alvarezsauridae
Clade of extant dinosaurs
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: Avebrevicauda Paul, 2002 Clade: Pygostylia Paul, 2002 Subgroups
Pygostylia
Extinct genus of birds
R. Longrich (2017). "Maaqwi cascadensis: A large, marine diving bird (Avialae: Ornithurae) from the Upper Cretaceous of British Columbia, Canada". PLOS
Vegavis
Extinct genus of birds
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Gastornis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
colleagues suggested that Elopteryx is indeed a paravian and a member of the Avialae based on its new specimen, and that Balaur bondoc is probably a junior
Elopteryx
Family of dinosaurs
July 2011). "An Archaeopteryx-like theropod from China and the origin of Avialae" (PDF). Nature. 475 (7357): 465–470. doi:10.1038/nature10288. PMID 21796204
Archaeopterygidae
Body-covering structure of birds
have been discovered in the clade Maniraptora, which includes the clade Avialae and the recent common ancestors of birds, Oviraptorosauria and Deinonychosauria
Feather
Therizinosaurid genus from the Late Cretaceous period
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Therizinosaurus
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
claimed that Archaeornithoides was the closest known relative to birds or Avialae. This conclusion rested on key bird-like features; an interdigitated suture
Archaeornithoides
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 286:
Iaceornis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
and basal birds, like Archaeopteryx. It appears that toward the basal Avialae the pterygoid bone of the palatine becomes more elongated, while the pterygopalatine
Gobivenator
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: †Enantiornithes Genus: †Otogornis Species: †O. genghisi Binomial
Otogornis
Clade of dinosaurs
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: Pygostylia Clade: Ornithothoraces Chiappe & Calvo, 1994 Subgroups
Ornithothoraces
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Trelew. Novas, F. E. 1997. Anatomy of Patagonykus puertai (Theropoda, Avialae, Alvarezsauridae), from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate
Patagonykus
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Leptoceratopsidae, Ceratopsidae, Tyrannosauridae, Dromaeosauridae, Troodontidae, and Avialae. This evidence suggests that both Nanuqsaurus and its likely prey items
Nanuqsaurus
Clade including all feathered animals
before the primitive split between dinosaurs and pterosaurs (Ornithodira). Avialae Aviremigia Bird flight Feathered dinosaurs Gauthier, J. and de Queiroz
Avifilopluma
Extinct genus of anchiornithid dinosaurs
†Oviraptorosauria Paraves †Deinonychosauria Dromaeosauridae Troodontidae Avialae †Archaeopteryx †Jeholornis Pygostylia †Confuciusornithidae Ornithothoraces
Fujianvenator
Genus of enantiornithean birds
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: †Enantiornithes Genus: †Magnusavis Species: †M. ekalakaensis Binomial
Magnusavis
Extinct family of Cretaceous birds
Guili; Liu, Yichuan; Chiappe, Luis M. (2024-09-24). "A new gansuid bird (Avialae, Euornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) Jiufotang Formation of
Gansuidae
Geologic formation in Texas, United States
phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 286:1-179
Austin_Chalk
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
analysis conducted by Brusatte et al. (2014) recovered Aurornis outside Avialae; it was recovered as a troodontid closely related to Anchiornis, Xiaotingia
Aurornis
Extinct bird genus
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: Euornithes Genus: †Kunpengornis Huang et al., 2026 Species: †K. anhuimusei
Kunpengornis
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
with Halszkaraptoridae, Anchiornithidae, and Archaeopteryx) as within Avialae, considered both Neuquenraptor and Unenlagia to be separate, valid genera
Neuquenraptor
Extinct family of birds
R. Longrich (2017). "Maaqwi cascadensis: A large, marine diving bird (Avialae: Ornithurae) from the Upper Cretaceous of British Columbia, Canada". PLOS
Vegaviidae
Central question in evolutionary biology of birds
they indicate that Archaeopteryx is closer to birds, within the clade Avialae, than it is to deinonychosaurs or oviraptorosaurs. Microraptor, Pedopenna
Origin_of_birds
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
an intermediate stage between Sinosauropteryx and more advanced birds (Avialae). The tail was also covered in feathers between 4–7 cm (1.6–2.8 in), consisting
Beipiaosaurus
Extinct genus of birds
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Brontornis
Extinct bird genus
Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Clade: †Enantiornithes Family: †Bohaiornithidae Genus: †Plumadraco Clark
Plumadraco
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Paraves Anchiornis Eosinopteryx Pedopenna Imperobator Xiaotingia Aurornis Troodontidae Dromaeosauridae Avialae
Imperobator
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
or at least Maniraptoriformes, and likely closely related to either the Avialae or the bird-like Alvarezsauridae; perhaps it was itself a bird, a basal
Unquillosaurus
Extinct genus of birds
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Dromornis
Italian science journalist (1928–2022)
Liu, Yichuan; Chiappe, Luis M. (24 September 2024). "A new gansuid bird (Avialae, Euornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) Jiufotang Formation of
Piero_Angela
Genus of alvarezsaurid dinosaurs
Anchiornithidae? †Dromaeosauridae see Dromaeosauridae †Troodontidae see Troodontidae Avialae †Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Baminornis †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor
Manipulonyx
Scientific study of prehistoric vertebrates
diversified, leading to teleost fish dominating the seas. Ancestral birds (Avialae) like Archaeopteryx first evolved from dinosaurs during the Jurassic, with
Vertebrate_paleontology
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
side. Rauhut et al (2019) placed Alcmonavis in a basal position in the Avialae, just above Archaeopteryx in the evolutionary tree. The cladogram below
Alcmonavis
Names of Birds. Retrieved 30 December 2015. Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Aves [Avialae]– basal birds". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
List_of_wild_pigeons_genera
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
to all pygostylia, meaning that it is intermediate between long-tailed Avialae, like Archaeopteryx, and more advanced taxa, like Confuciusornis. Zhongornis
Zhongornis
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