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Asynchronous Layered Coding (ALC) is an Internet protocol for content delivery in a reliable, massively scalable, multiple-rate, and congestion-controlled
Asynchronous_Layered_Coding
Topics referred to by the same term
in the U.S. Air Force Army Legal Corps, of the British Army Asynchronous Layered Coding Attributive Concept Language with Complements, a description
ALC
Speed web pages are downloaded and displayed
through techniques such as multi-layered cache, light weight design of presentation layer components and asynchronous communication with server side components
Web_performance
Computer hardware device
A universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART /ˈjuːɑːrt/) is a peripheral device for asynchronous serial communication in which the data format
Universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter
Universal_asynchronous_receiver-transmitter
Transmission of data at irregular intervals
V.2. Asynchronous communication at the data link layer or higher protocol layers is known as statistical multiplexing, for example Asynchronous Transfer
Asynchronous_communication
Model of communication of seven abstraction layers
(PPP) is a data link layer protocol that can operate over several different physical layers, such as synchronous and asynchronous serial lines. The ITU-T
OSI_model
Technique for running a program on a computer without directly calling it
the receiver has accepted the message, ensuring tight coordination. In asynchronous models, the sender continues execution after sending a message, and messages
Message_passing
Lowest-level electronic or optical transmission functions of a network
PHY device typically includes both physical coding sublayer (PCS) and physical medium dependent (PMD) layer functionality. -PHY may also be used as a suffix
Physical_layer
Group of interrelated Web development techniques
The Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, usually referred to as Ajax (or AJAX, /ˈeɪdʒæks/) is a set of web development techniques that uses various web technologies
Ajax_(programming)
Form of serial communication lacking synchronization control signals
Asynchronous serial communication is a form of serial communication in which the communicating endpoints' interfaces are not continuously synchronized
Asynchronous serial communication
Asynchronous_serial_communication
Chinese artificial intelligence company
was trained to solve math and coding problems. This stage used 1 reward model, trained on compiler feedback (for coding) and ground-truth labels (for
DeepSeek
Transfer of data over a communication channel
1, the physical layer: Channel coding including Digital modulation schemes Line coding schemes Forward error correction (FEC) codes Bit synchronization
Data_communication
Pioneering five-bit character encodings
communication channel such as a telegraph wire or a radio signal by asynchronous serial communication. The symbol rate measurement is known as baud, and
Baudot_code
Technology used to provide broadband to the end consumer via fiber
two generations of PON. The older ITU-T G.983 standard was based on Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and has therefore been referred to as APON (ATM
Passive_optical_network
Standardised transport interface for the broadcast industry
Asynchronous Serial Interface, or ASI, is a method of carrying an MPEG Transport Stream (MPEG-TS) over 75-ohm copper coaxial cable or optical fiber. It
Asynchronous_serial_interface
Free and open-source object relational database management system
PostgreSQL is on major release version 18 which is notable in implementing asynchronous I/O (AIO), enabling database users to perform concurrent I/O tasks like
PostgreSQL
Second layer of the OSI networking model
This algorithm is often used in the data link layer. ARCnet Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Cisco Discovery Protocol
Data_link_layer
Function reference passed to and called by another function
callback on a different thread, then the call is non-blocking, a.k.a. asynchronous. A callback can be likened to leaving instructions with a tailor for
Callback (computer programming)
Callback_(computer_programming)
Type of software or hardware infrastructure
software that generally relies on asynchronous message-passing, as opposed to a request-response architecture. In asynchronous systems, message queues provide
Message-oriented_middleware
JavaScript runtime environment
client-side programming. Node.js has an event-driven architecture capable of asynchronous I/O. These design choices aim to optimize throughput and scalability
Node.js
Communications protocol
interfaces, using a mode called Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM). HDLC is based on IBM's SDLC protocol, which is the layer 2 protocol for IBM's Systems Network
High-Level_Data_Link_Control
Type of data transfer
Synchronous serial communication Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) Mackenzie, Charles E. (1980). Coded Character Sets, History and Development
Serial_communication
Principal protocol used to stream data across an IP network
protocol instantiations were chosen: A NACK-based protocol An Asynchronous Layered Coding protocol In July 2005 the NACK-based protocol building blocks
NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast
NACK-Oriented_Reliable_Multicast
Mechanism to allow software to execute a remote procedure
finished processing before resuming execution), unless the client sends an asynchronous request to the server, such as an XMLHttpRequest. There are many variations
Remote_procedure_call
Type of error-correcting code using convolution
data, which gives rise to the term 'convolutional coding'. The sliding nature of the convolutional codes facilitates trellis decoding using a time-invariant
Convolutional_code
System for exchanging messages between computing systems
networks. For example, IP may be tunneled across an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network. Protocol layering forms the basis of protocol design. It allows
Communication_protocol
Computer network performance metric
common communications link used by many people is the asynchronous start-stop, or just asynchronous, serial link. If you have an external modem attached
Measuring_network_throughput
Non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides
coding and non-coding transcripts in the sense and antisense directions For example, 3012 out of 8961 cDNAs previously annotated as truncated coding sequences
Long_non-coding_RNA
Type of computer memory
synchronous DRAM. In the present day, manufacture of asynchronous RAM is relatively rare. An asynchronous DRAM chip has power connections, some number of address
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Associates addresses in the layers of a networked device implementation
Universal Packet (PUP) using IEEE 802 standards, FDDI, X.25, Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). In Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) networks,
Address_Resolution_Protocol
Dynamic table that maps network addresses to ports
Other data-link-layer technologies using FIBs include Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). The role
Forwarding_information_base
Data link layer communication protocol
PPP is very commonly used as a data-link-layer protocol for connection over synchronous and asynchronous circuits, where it has largely superseded the
Point-to-Point_Protocol
Spacecraft communications network
signaling (DS-DE) part of the IEEE Std 1355-1995. SpaceWire utilizes asynchronous communication and allows speeds between 2 Mbit/s and 200 Mbit/s, with
SpaceWire
Program library
on sequences of data regardless of whether the data is synchronous or asynchronous. It provides a set of sequence operators that operate on each item in
ReactiveX
Line code mapping 8-bit words to 10-bit symbols
the running disparity. In other words, the non zero disparity codes alternate. 8b/10b coding is DC-free, meaning that the long-term ratio of ones and zeros
8b/10b_encoding
Software design pattern based on an event-updated object with a list of dependents
direct—the subject calls observer methods when changes occur, though asynchronous implementations using event queues are possible. Unlike the publish-subscribe
Observer_pattern
Network protocol
to other transport media. In addition, XCP supports synchronous and asynchronous serial interfaces. With Ethernet or USB as the transport medium, XCP
XCP_(protocol)
American mobile digital TV standard
Protocol (UDP), Signaling Channel Service, FLUTE over Asynchronous Layered Coding (ALC) / Layered Coding Transport (LCT), Network Time Protocol (NTP) time
ATSC-M/H
2-wire serial data and power interface
PC for monitoring or remote control. The eBUS 2-wire interface is an asynchronous serial port with active-low voltage that exchanges 8-bit bytes with start
EBUS_(serial_buses)
Protocol for transferring short messages
match the data_coding. When the data_coding is 8 (UCS2), the text must be in UCS-2BE (or its extension, UTF-16BE). When the data_coding indicates a 7-bit
Short_Message_Peer-to-Peer
Transactional distributed SQL database
database instances. The replication can be one-way or bi-directional and is asynchronous. One-way replication is used either to create a read-only copy for workload
YugabyteDB
High-speed multimedia network technology used in the automotive industry
for streaming (synchronous) as well as package (asynchronous) data transfer over an optical physical layer. It is separated into 60 physical channels. The
MOST_Bus
Software programming technique
Build(); app.MapGet("/", () => "Hello World!"); app.Run(); Abstraction layer Asynchronous I/O Aspect-oriented programming Callback (computer programming) Closure
Inversion_of_control
Unit of information transmitted over a computer network
control information and user data. In the layered architectures of communication protocol stacks, each layer implements protocols tailored to the specific
Protocol_data_unit
JavaScript library for building user interfaces
no access to hooks. However, they may be asynchronous function, allowing them to directly perform asynchronous operations: async function MyComponent()
React_(software)
Network scheduling algorithm used in ATM
bucket-type scheduling algorithm for the network scheduler that is used in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. It is used to measure the timing of cells
Generic_cell_rate_algorithm
Computer software that provides services to software applications
synchronous/asynchronous communication. Procedural: Remote and local architectures to connect, pass, and retrieve software responses of asynchronous systems
Middleware
Method of combining multiple signals into one signal over a shared medium
channels, each with a different code, can be transmitted on the same fiber or radio channel or other medium, and asynchronously demultiplexed. Advantages over
Multiplexing
Standard for serial communication between devices without host computer
the term synchronous is imprecise since the data is transmitted in an asynchronous format, namely without a clock signal. The CAN specifications use the
CAN_bus
Audio standard
method for transporting AES3 professional digital audio streams over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. The Audio Engineering Society (AES) published
AES47
DSL service where downstream bandwidth exceeds upstream bandwidth
(TPS-TC)" layers: Synchronous Transport Module (STM), which allows the transmission of frames of the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Asynchronous Transfer
ADSL
Family of technologies that are used to transmit digital data over telephone lines
PPPoE. Many DSL technologies implement an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) layer over the low-level bitstream layer to enable the adaptation of a number of
Digital_subscriber_line
Presentation and data management in software systems
ancillary libraries commonly used in those languages, such as Sass or jQuery Asynchronous request handling and AJAX Single-page applications with frameworks like
Front_end_and_back_end
The Bluetooth Asynchronous Connection-oriented logical transport (ACL) is one of two types of logical transport defined in the Bluetooth Core Specification
Asynchronous connection-oriented logical transport
Asynchronous_connection-oriented_logical_transport
Series of wireless broadband standards
adaptive modulation and coding, so that in conditions of good signal, a highly efficient 64 QAM (Quadrature amplitude modulation) coding scheme is used, whereas
IEEE_802.16
IEEE standard for wireless networks
802.1Qav) and cyclic/time-aware traffic shaping (IEEE 802.1Qch/Qbv), asynchronous traffic scheduling (IEEE 802.1Qcr-2020) IEEE 802.11ax Scheduled Operation
Wi-Fi_7
Type of wireless telecommunication wide area network
interference cases. Timing and duty-cycle compliance: uplink transmissions are asynchronous but the service-center and base station coordinate downlinks and duty-cycle
Mioty
Form of amateur radio data communications using the AX25 protocol
multiple destinations can be transmitted on the same radio link in an asynchronous fashion A packet may be addressed to all possible recipients rather than
Packet_radio
Serial communications protocol
technology. Modbus standards or buses include: TCP/IP over Ethernet Asynchronous serial communication in a wide range of standards, technologies: EIA/TIA-232-E
Modbus
Formally verified capability-based microkernel
exchange is implemented in user space using shared memory combined with asynchronous notifications. Shared memory regions are explicitly created from untyped
SeL4
Computer network that connects devices across a large distance and area
including Packet over SONET/SDH, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Frame Relay are often used by service providers
Wide_area_network
Real-time operating system
Condition variables Synchronous and asynchronous Messages Event flags and handlers Queues Synchronous and asynchronous I/O with timeout capability Thread-safe
ChibiOS/RT
Artificial neural network that mimics neurons
include: Temporal coding; generating one spike per neuron, in which spike latency is inversely proportional to the pixel intensity. Rate coding: converting
Spiking_neural_network
Family of IEEE standards for compatibility between operating systems
Real-Time Signals Clocks and Timers Semaphores Message Passing Shared Memory Asynchronous and Synchronous I/O Memory Locking Interface Threads extensions (IEEE
POSIX
Application that uses a web browser as a client
JavaScript asynchronously on the client side. In earlier computing models like client-server, the processing load for the application was shared between code on
Web_application
Amiga-compatible computer operating system
icon library for hundreds of fileformats fully asynchronous, multi-threaded design fast asynchronous file I/O functions and file notifications support
MorphOS
Event-driven network programming framework
source code of Divmod including the source code of the Nevow project. Athena is a Nevow component which facilitates bi-directional, asynchronous communication
Twisted_(software)
Electronic circuits that utilize digital signals
circuits. This interface is inherently asynchronous and must be analyzed as such. Examples of widely used asynchronous circuits include synchronizer flip-flops
Digital_electronics
Collection of loosely coupled services used to build computer applications
are the way microservices communicate with each other (synchronous, asynchronous, UI integration) and the protocols used for the communication (e.g. RESTful
Microservices
Kernel that provides fewer services than a traditional kernel
stacks, file systems, graphics, etc. IPC can be synchronous or asynchronous. Asynchronous IPC is analogous to network communication: the sender dispatches
Microkernel
Technical specification for how Windows software should behave over TCP/IP
protocol-independent name resolution, asynchronous operations with event-based notifications and completion routines, layered protocol implementations, multicasting
Winsock
transmitted periodically or aperiodically as well as synchronously or asynchronously. All messages which cannot be assigned to other communication channels
CANaerospace
Standard for computer data connections
is very jittery. ... asynchronous is the better of these modes. "Low-Jitter USB: Dan Lavry, Michael Goodman, Adaptive, Asynchronous". Head-Fi. Archived
USB
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
SONET/SDH also was the obvious choice for transporting Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) frames. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a switching technique for
Computer_network
Display system intended to replace X11
This layer is implemented as "an asynchronous object-oriented protocol". While the low-level layer was written manually in C, the high-level layer is automatically
Wayland_(protocol)
Any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system
and its complement together. Several "secure CPUs" have been built as asynchronous CPUs; they have no global timing reference. While these CPUs were intended
Side-channel_attack
Computer network protocol
PDOs can be sent synchronously or asynchronously. Synchronous PDOs are sent after the SYNC message whereas asynchronous messages are sent after internal
CANopen
Transmission of information electromagnetically
uses Advanced Audio Coding (MPEG-2 Part 7) and DVB has no standard for audio compression but typically uses MPEG-1 Part 3 Layer 2. The choice of modulation
Telecommunications
Type of imaging sensor
depending on the specific sensor model. Thus, event cameras output an asynchronous stream of events triggered by changes in scene illumination. Event cameras
Event_camera
Topics referred to by the same term
Adaptation to Imposed Demands" ATM adaptation layer, information transfer protocols that support Asynchronous Transfer Mode Content adaptation, transforming
Adaptation_(disambiguation)
Telecommunications service provider endpoint
features: A downstream frame processing means for receiving and churning an Asynchronous Transfer Mode cell to generate a downstream frame, and converting a parallel
Optical_line_termination
Type of digital communication link sharing
networks. Each stream is divided into packets that normally are delivered asynchronously in a first-come first-served fashion. In alternative fashion, the packets
Statistical time-division multiplexing
Statistical_time-division_multiplexing
Computer network management and monitoring protocol
both gets and sets, this PDU was called GetResponse in SNMPv1. Trap Asynchronous notification from agent to manager. While in other SNMP communication
Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple_Network_Management_Protocol
Service access point identifier
Internet Protocol; they can specify a piece of equipment connected to an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network. A specific stream, analogous to a TCP/IP
Network service access point address
Network_service_access_point_address
Protocol for establishing multicast group memberships on IPv4 networks
reports Sent by multicast receivers in response to a membership query or asynchronously when first registering for a multicast group. Leave group messages Sent
Internet Group Management Protocol
Internet_Group_Management_Protocol
Java API for modular construction of enterprise software
programming using Jakarta Messaging (JMS) and Jakarta Connectors (JCA) Asynchronous method invocation Job scheduling Naming and directory services via Java
Jakarta_Enterprise_Beans
Software library for asynchronous messaging
ZeroMQ (also spelled ØMQ, 0MQ or ZMQ) is an asynchronous messaging library, aimed at use in distributed or concurrent applications. It provides a message
ZeroMQ
Open-source web development framework
Turbopack (which is faster than Webpack), support for React 19, and asynchronous request APIs. In October 2025, Vercel released Next.js 16. Perhaps the
Next.js
List of notable software written in or for the C++ programming language
higher layer of programming for OpenGL OpenNN — neural networks library OpenVDB — sparse volume data library openFrameworks — creative coding toolkit
List of C++ software and tools
List_of_C++_software_and_tools
Automotive engineering terminology
12 bytes, including CRC Employs CSMA/NDA ISO 9141-2 This protocol has an asynchronous serial data rate of 10.4 kbit/s. It is somewhat similar to RS-232; however
On-board_diagnostics
Sharing information to ensure consistency in computing
(or eager) replication solutions perform conflict prevention, while asynchronous (or lazy) solutions have to perform conflict resolution. For instance
Replication_(computing)
and formal logic. coding theory The study of the properties of codes and their respective fitness for specific applications. Codes are used for data compression
Glossary_of_computer_science
Secure JavaScript and TypeScript runtime
garbage collection pressure. Tokio was introduced in place of libuv as the asynchronous event-driven platform, and FlatBuffers was adopted for faster, "zero-copy"
Deno_(software)
Reusable solution template to a commonly-needed software behavior
; Evjen, B.; Glynn, J.; Watson, K.; Skinner, M. (2008). "Event-based Asynchronous Pattern". Professional C# 2008. Wiley. pp. 570–571. ISBN 978-0-470-19137-8
Software_design_pattern
Software architecture model
produced, published, propagated, detected or consumed is a (typically asynchronous) message called the event notification, and not the event itself, which
Event-driven_architecture
Topics referred to by the same term
implementation developed by Franz Inc. Anti-Corruption Layer, a term from Domain-driven design Asynchronous Connection-oriented Logical transport, Bluetooth
ACL
AABB—Axis-aligned bounding box AAC—Advanced Audio Coding AAL—ATM Adaptation Layer AALC—ATM Adaptation Layer Connection AARP—AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Web application that interacts with the user by dynamically rewriting a web page
2006, the most prominent technique used was Ajax. Ajax involves using asynchronous requests to a server for XML or JSON data, such as with JavaScript's
Single-page_application
Parallel computing platform and programming model
system bus bandwidth and latency (this can be partly alleviated with asynchronous memory transfers, handled by the GPU's DMA engine). Threads should be
CUDA
are highly concurrent because of the asynchronous communication. And maybe its worth to stress that the asynchronous nature of ROOM systems is not by accident
Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling
Real-Time_Object-Oriented_Modeling
ASYNCHRONOUS LAYERED-CODING
ASYNCHRONOUS LAYERED-CODING
Surname or Lastname
Possibly an altered spelling of Haase.English
Possibly an altered spelling of Haase.English : variant spelling of Hawes.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Worthy; Capable; Clever; Sensible
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Master; Happy
Boy/Male
English American
Well-watered meadow.
Boy/Male
Gaelic, German
One who Sings Ballads
Surname or Lastname
Altered spelling of German Homann.English
Altered spelling of German Homann.English : variant of Holman. This surname has been in Ireland since the 17th century.Dutch : status name from Middle Dutch hovetman, hooftman ‘head man’, ‘leader’, ‘adviser’.Dutch : variant of Hoffman 2.Slovenian : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Poet Praised by Rasulullah
Boy/Male
Muslim
Master.
Male
Hebrew
(יֶרֶד) Hebrew name YERED means "descent." In the bible, this is the name of the father of Enoch and a descendant of Judah. The English form is Jered.
Surname or Lastname
Possibly an altered spelling of Haas.English
Possibly an altered spelling of Haas.English : variant spelling of Hawes.
Surname or Lastname
Altered spelling of German Luhmann or Lohmann.English
Altered spelling of German Luhmann or Lohmann.English : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
Altered spelling of French Bonnel, a variant of Bonneau.English
Altered spelling of French Bonnel, a variant of Bonneau.English : variant of Bunnell.
Boy/Male
English American Anglo Saxon
Well-watered meadow.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Worthy, Capable, Clever
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of three places in Essex – Layer Breton, Layer de la Haye, and Layer Marney – all named from a river name, Leire, or from Leire in Leicestershire, also named from an identical river name. The river name is of Celtic origin and is probably the base of the tribal name Ligore, found in the place name Leicester.English : nickname or status name from Anglo-Norman French le eyr ‘the heir’. Compare Ayer.English : occupational name for a stone layer, Middle English leyer; the job of the layer was to position the stones worked by the masons.German : habitational name for someone from any of the various placed named Lay, in the Rhineland and Bavaria.
Surname or Lastname
Altered spelling of German Epple.English
Altered spelling of German Epple.English : altered spelling of the habitational name Apley.
Boy/Male
Indian
Worthy, Capable, Clever
Boy/Male
Irish
Bard; travelling musician/singer.
Surname or Lastname
Possibly an altered spelling of German Dehmann (see Demann).English (Surrey)
Possibly an altered spelling of German Dehmann (see Demann).English (Surrey) : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
Probably an altered spelling of German Kobs or Kops.English
Probably an altered spelling of German Kobs or Kops.English : patronymic from Cobb.
ASYNCHRONOUS LAYERED-CODING
ASYNCHRONOUS LAYERED-CODING
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew unisex Tiqvah, TIKVAH means "hope."Â In the bible, this is strictly a masculine name, the name of the father of Shallum.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Embrace
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Compassion mercy
Boy/Male
American, British, English, French, Latin
Bean Grower; Derived from the Roman Clan Name Fabius; A Name Given Several Roman Emperors and 16 Saints; One who Grows Beans
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Intellectual
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Latin
Light; Pity; Foreign
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Celtic, Christian, English, French, Gaelic, Indian, Irish, Jamaican, Parsi, Scottish
Dweller in or Near a Hollow; Hill Hollow; Chosen; Raven; From the Round Hill or Hollow; Strong and Lively; Seething Pool; God's Servant
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
The light e.g. nurul islam, the light of islam
Surname or Lastname
English
English : according to Reaney, this is a variant of Truslow.
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Flower-Like
ASYNCHRONOUS LAYERED-CODING
ASYNCHRONOUS LAYERED-CODING
ASYNCHRONOUS LAYERED-CODING
ASYNCHRONOUS LAYERED-CODING
ASYNCHRONOUS LAYERED-CODING
a.
White-livered; cowardly.
a.
Bearing marks of labor and effort; elaborately wrought; not easy or natural; as, labored poetry; a labored style.
a.
Happening at the same time; simultaneous.
imp. & p. p.
of Wafer
imp. & p. p.
of Waver
imp. & p. p.
of Water
a.
Inclined to delay; dilatory.
a.
Happening at the same time; synchronous.
a.
Lighted with a taper or tapers; as, a tapered choir.
a.
Happening at, or belonging to, the same time; synchronous; simultaneous.
n.
The middle layer of a pericarp which consists of three distinct or dissimilar layers.
a.
Lowered; humbled.
n.
A layer or seam, or a horizontal stratum between layers; as, a bed of coal, iron, etc.
n.
That which is laid; a stratum; a bed; one thickness, course, or fold laid over another; as, a layer of clay or of sand in the earth; a layer of bricks, or of plaster; the layers of an onion.
imp. & p. p.
of Taper
a.
Watered or wet beneath; well-watered.
imp. & p. p.
of Sabre
a.
Having (such) a liver; used in composition; as, white-livered.
a.
White-livered; cowardly; timorous.
imp. & p. p.
of Wager