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Linguistic feature arising through language contact rather than common descent
features are not descended from a common ancestor or proto-language. An areal feature is contrasted with genetic relationship determined similarity within
Areal_feature
Use of pitch to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning
Marc (2017). "Southeast Asian Tone in Areal Perspective". In Raymond Hickey (ed.). The Cambridge Handbook of Areal Linguistics. Cambridge Handbooks in Language
Tone_(linguistics)
Any characteristic used to classify a phoneme or word
called morphosemantic features. Areal feature Distinctive feature Featural writing system Markedness Semantic feature Kibort, Anna & Corbett, Greville
Feature_(linguistics)
Topics referred to by the same term
Portuguese painter, António Areal's daughter Area (disambiguation) Areal density (computer storage) Areal feature in linguistics Areal velocity, a term from
Areal
Type of linguistic change
result of language convergence are called areal features. In situations with many languages in contact and a variety of areal features, linguists may use
Language_convergence
Hypothesized linguistic area of Ethiopia developed by Charles A. Ferguson
"do" as an area feature of what the scholars call "East Africa". Wu Tong has examined prenominal relative clauses as an areal feature in the Ethiopian
Ethiopian_language_area
Speech sound produced in large part by the glottis
sonorants may reflect an areal feature rather than an inherent feature common to the sounds in question. Since none of the three types are very common, languages
Glottalic_consonant
Extinct Chimakuan language in Washington state, US
for its lack of nasal sounds, such as [m], [n], or nasal vowels, an areal feature of Puget Sound. Quileute is polysynthetic and words can be quite long
Quileute_language
Austronesian language
that mutation of ⟨a⟩ in final open syllable is an areal feature. Specifically, it is an areal feature of Western Austronesia. Uri Tadmor classify those
Malay_language
Kind of reduplication in South Asian languages
is a form of reduplication as a widespread areal feature in the languages of South Asia. Echo words are characterized by reduplication of a complete
Echo_word
Morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word
Lexical affixes are relatively rare and are used in Wakashan, Salishan, and Chimakuan languages — the presence of these is an areal feature of the Pacific
Affix
Sound change in vowels
usually follow vowel harmony rules. Vowel harmony is also considered an areal feature in some parts of the world, especially Northern and Central Asia among
Vowel_harmony
Lake in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
disappearance of the Southeast Aral in 2008, Vozrozhdeniya Island effectively no longer exists as a distinct geographical feature. The area is now shared by
Aral_Sea
Consonant pronounced without the larynx vibrating
[pʰə̥ˈkj̊uːliɚ] and potato [pʰə̥ˈtʰeɪ̯ɾoʊ̯]. Voiceless vowels are also an areal feature in languages of the American Southwest (like Hopi and Keres),
Voicelessness
Word class in many languages
Mesoamerican languages, the use of relational nouns constitutes an areal feature of the Mesoamerican linguistic area, including the Mayan languages,
Relational_noun
Language in which certain pronouns may sometimes be omitted
contribute to transfer errors in language learning.[citation needed] An areal feature of some European languages is that pronoun dropping is not, or seldom
Pro-drop_language
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨v⟩ in IPA
India. The presence of [v] and absence of [w], is a very distinctive areal feature of European languages and those of adjacent areas of Siberia and Central
Voiced_labiodental_fricative
Geographic boundary of a certain linguistic feature
the script of Old Hebrew from Old Aramaic and Phoenician. Areal feature – Linguistic feature arising through language contact rather than common descent
Isogloss
Berber language of central Morocco
an areal feature of the "circum-Saharan zone" (Africa north of the equator plus the Arabian Peninsula). It is not known how old this areal feature is
Central_Atlas_Tamazight
Interaction between different languages
initialisation, CODA talk, TDD conversation, mouthing and contact signing. Areal feature Calque Code-switching Creole language Diffusion Language island Language
Language_contact
Swedish television series
The Åre Murders (Swedish: Åremorden) is a 2025 Swedish Nordic noir television series starring Carla Sehn that premiered on Netflix on 5 February 2025
The_Åre_Murders
Reconstructed ancestor of the Malayic languages
Adelaar 1992, pp. 75. Tadmor, Uri (2003). "Final /a/ mutation: a borrowed areal feature in Western Austronesia" (PDF). In Lynch, John (ed.). Issues in Austronesian
Proto-Malayic_language
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨p⟩ in IPA
an areal feature of the circum-Saharan zone (Africa north of the equator plus the Arabian Peninsula). It is not known how old this areal feature is,
Voiceless_bilabial_plosive
Speech sound articulated by closing the vocal tract fully or partially
pronounced [k]) have a consonant that is very similar. For instance, an areal feature of the Pacific Northwest coast is that historical *k has become palatalized
Consonant
Words that look or sound alike, but are not related
The result is that in Modern Hebrew, דיבוב dibúv means "dubbing". Areal feature Convergent evolution Equivalence Etymological fallacy False etymology
False_cognate
a minimal extent) for Proto-Munda, and are thus clearly an areal feature of the Indian subcontinent. They are not reconstructible for either Proto-Indo-European
Substratum_in_Vedic_Sanskrit
Reconstructed ancestor of the Afroasiatic language family
proto-language rather than possibly being an areal feature. The precise meaning and origin of this prefix in PAA are debated. There is a long tradition of comparing
Proto-Afroasiatic_language
Indigenous language spoken in parts of South America
inalienable possession, again a common areal feature, and a rich system of verbal classifiers, almost a hundred, they are obligatory and appear just before
Yanomaman_languages
classifiers could even be seen as a pan-Pacific Rim areal feature. However, similar noun class systems are also found among most Sub-Saharan African languages
Languages_of_East_Asia
Subgroup of West Slavic languages
continuum. For example, the spirantisation of Slavic /g/ to /h/ is an areal feature shared by the Czech-Slovak group with both Ukrainian and Sorbian (but
Czech–Slovak_languages
Eastern Iranian language of Ossetia, in the Caucasus
glottalized (ejective) stops and affricates. This may constitute an areal feature of languages of the Caucasus. Voiceless consonants become voiced word-medially
Ossetian_language
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɨ⟩ in IPA
presence of this vowel phoneme as an areal feature of a Mesoamerican Sprachbund (although that is not a defining feature of the entire area). The sound of
Close_central_unrounded_vowel
Extinct Semitic language used in the third millennium BC
therefore be either a surviving feature of the Semito-Hamitic (or Afro-Asiatic) or a cross-linguistic areal feature." Eblaite has two forms of personal
Eblaite_language
Austronesian language primarily spoken in the islands of Samar and Eastern Leyte
except the towns of Javier and Abuyog. However, this sound change is an areal feature rather than a strictly genetic one. Most Waray dialects in northeastern
Waray_language
Group of African language families with click consonants
demonstrated to be related to them genealogically (the similarities may be an areal feature). Tuu Taa ǃXoon (4200 speakers. A dialect cluster.) Lower Nossob (Two
Khoisan_languages
Type of occlusive consonant
figures (and perhaps not even that in the case of Quileute). This is an areal feature, only a few hundred years old, where nasals became voiced stops ([m]
Nasal_consonant
Niger–Congo language cluster
preverbal marker mé and a sentence-final marker o. Gbe languages share an areal feature found in many languages of the Volta basin, the serial verb construction
Gbe_languages
Phonetic changes in the French language
seventh century). (This shift, along with the later /o/ > /u/, is an areal feature common to most Gallo-Romance languages.) [au̯] > [ɔ]. This takes place
Phonological history of French
Phonological_history_of_French
Aspect of the West Slavic language
the later development. The spirantisation of Slavic /g/ to /h/ is an areal feature shared by Ukrainian (and some southern Russian dialects), Belarusian
History_of_the_Czech_language
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɡ⟩ in IPA
pattern.[citation needed] The lack of a voiceless bilabial stop [p] is an areal feature. Missing [ɡ], (when the language uses voicing to contrast stops) on
Voiced_velar_plosive
Dialect of the Korean language
inventory. The merger of /u/ and /ɯ/ and /o/ and /ə/ is a newly emergent areal feature in North Korean dialects since the mid-twentieth century, also shared
Hamgyŏng_dialect
Language family of China and Southeast Asia
unlikely, which is based on the voicing of voiceless sonorants, a common areal feature. Proto-Mien Luoxiang Mien Iu Mien Guangdian Mien Xiangnan Mien Dongshan
Mienic_languages
Finnish metal band
Arion is a Finnish heavy metal band formed in 2011 and led by guitarist Iivo Kaipainen. Arion gained fame after performing their first song "Lost" in
Arion_(band)
Ancestor of the Celtic languages
the previous two changes. But note that this seems to have been an areal feature, shared, for example with the Indo-European Germanic languages and the
Proto-Celtic_language
Group of languages
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian.) PMP *h > PSWSAB Ø PMP *a > PSWSAB *ə / _# (possibly be an areal feature in Sabah or northern Borneo, since this is also found in Idaanic) PMP
Sabahan_languages
Salishan language of British Columbia, Canada
called "pharyngeal harmony") involving both vowels and consonants, an areal feature of this region of North America shared by other Interior Salishan and
Lillooet_language
Historical realm
the origin of the word as the prohibition of word-initial /r/ is an areal feature of Okinawan and related languages. Hence, most scholars seek its etymological
Liuqiu_(medieval)
Endangered language spoken in Canada and Alaska
are rare among the world's languages, even in North America. They are an areal feature of some languages in a small portion of Northwest America, in the
Haida_language
Method of reconstructing an earlier state in a language's history
features as well. While the word-initial accent system may appear to be an areal feature, the opinion remained speculative. There is a very similar set of givens
Internal_reconstruction
consonant - Antonym - Aorist - Applied linguistics - Approximant - Areal feature - Article - Articulatory gestures - Articulatory phonetics - Aspect
Index_of_linguistics_articles
Asturleonese language
voiced sibilants), which suggests that the distinction originally was an areal feature across Iberia. Portuguese spelling still distinguishes all seven sibilants
Mirandese_language
Place of articulation
lack the only velar consonant. Other languages lack simple velars. An areal feature of the indigenous languages of the Americas of the coastal regions of
Velar_consonant
Hypothetical subfamily of the Indo-European languages
from a common Graeco-Aryan stage. Rather, it is more likely that an areal feature spread across a then-contiguous Graeco-Aryan–speaking area. That would
Graeco-Aryan_languages
Extinct Italic language of central Italy
syllables are regularly lost or weakened. Since the same pattern occurs in the history of Etruscan, this must be assumed to be an areal feature. (By the
Umbrian_language
Etymology of Okinawa and Ryukyu
sounds very un-Ryukyuan. The prohibition of word-initial /r/ is an areal feature that is not limited to Ryukyuan but to Altaic languages, which cover
Names_of_Okinawa
Phonology of the Vietnamese language
segment is consistently realized as an affricate [tɕ], a well-attested areal feature (Harris 2006). The tongue body contacts the alveolar or post-alveolar
Vietnamese_phonology
Mayan language of Mexico
Predicates occur phrase-initially; non-final position for predicates is an areal feature. The order of arguments in the phrase is variable, but the most frequent
Tzeltal_language
Common ancestor of all varieties of Greek
Grassmann's law) in Indo-Iranian, although it may represent a common areal feature; the change may have even been post-Mycenaean. It postdates the Greek-specific
Proto-Greek_language
North Halmahera language spoken in Indonesia
directional system. At the least the up/down distinction seems to be an areal feature. But this brings up the chicken and the egg phenomenon. Is this directional
Tobelo_language
Mongolic language of Northwest China
zhangha /t͡ʂɑŋˈqɑ/ → [t͡ʂɑ̃ɴˈqɑ] (walnut). Nasals are commonly deleted in the coda, which is an areal feature around the border between Gansu and Qinghai.
Santa_language
Aboriginal language family of Australia
flapped laterals, which are quite unusual among Australian languages. Also unusual is the velar approximant /ɰ/, which is an areal feature shared with Tiwi and
Iwaidjan_languages
American technology company
DevCycle (2026): Feature management and experimentation platform Bindplane (2026): Unified telemetry pipeline built on OpenTelemetry Arize (2026): AI engineering
Dynatrace
Ancestor of Latin and other Italic languages
may alternatively be an areal feature postdating Proto-Italic, since the vowel reductions which it is posited to explain are not found before the mid-first
Proto-Italic_language
Malayic language spoken in Sambas, Indonesia
ISSN 2715-2723. Tadmor, Uri (2003). "Final /A/ Mutation: A borrowed areal feature in Western Austronesia" (PDF). Proceedings of the Ninth International
Sambas_Malay
Burmese exhibits pronoun avoidance, where pronouns are avoided for politeness. This is an areal feature also common in major regional Asian languages like
Pronouns_in_Burmese
Family of Sepik languages of Papua New Guinea
(help); Dative case markers are also used to mark animate objects of transitive verbs, which is a Sepik-Ramu areal feature. An example of the Ambulas allative
Ndu_languages
Season of television series
2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019. "Urban Oasis Renovations are Under Way!". May 27, 2019. "we are mitú". wearemitu.com. Archived from the original on June
The_Real_World:_Atlanta
ISO collection of international standards
texture: areal is an International Organization for Standardization collection of international standards relating to the analysis of 3D areal surface
ISO_25178
Qiangic language spoken in China
glottal consonants, which is an areal feature, and is common in Ngwi languages such as Lahu. Consonant clusters are prominent in Lizu, and often contain
Lizu_language
System for defining and representing engineering tolerances
Features used in specification and verification General GPS standards: Areal and profile surface texture ISO 1302 Indication of surface texture in technical
Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
Geometric_dimensioning_and_tolerancing
Footballer (born 2002)
Doğuhan Aral Şimşir (born 19 June 2002) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Süper Lig club Trabzonspor. Born in Denmark, he represents
Aral_Şimşir
shares with other languages in the region (Pueblo linguistic area) an areal feature of vowel elision at the end of words. When a word ends in a final vowel
Taos_phonology
Group of related languages
and Germanic, in turn, form linkages of their own.[citation needed] Areal feature Historical glottometry Language contact Ross's concept of a linkage
Linkage_(linguistics)
Bantoid language of Nigeria
'women' both have suppletive-seeming plurals, a common West African areal feature. This list of numbers comes from Blench (2014), although note that the
Fam_language
Northern Athabaskan language of British Columbia
That type of harmony is an areal feature common in this region of North America. The Chilcotin processes, however, are much more complicated. Vowel
Tsilhqotʼin_language
Austronesian language of the Savu people in Indonesia
high-order Austronesian subgroups. As a result, implosives seem to be an areal feature—perhaps motivated by language contact and the reduction of homorganic
Hawu_language
Family of Papuan languages
this is an areal feature, with proto-Austronesian *mb *nd *ŋɡ having done the same in neighboring Austronesian languages. The vowels are still uncertain
West_Bomberai_languages
Species of gastropod
Arion gilvus is a large terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Arionidae, the round back slugs. Arion gilvus is a medium-sized species, reaching an
Arion_gilvus
Japanese manga series
anime feature film adaptation, directed by Yasuhiko and co-written with Akiko Tanaka, was released in 1986 under the title Neo Heroic Fantasia: Arion, and
Arion_(manga)
Finnish rock band
Walla and was also mixed by Zakk Cervini. The song's exclamation points feature a choir made up of the band's fans. In the competition, the band finished
Cyan_Kicks
Scientific study of Earth's physical composition
concerned with the Earth and other astronomical bodies, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. The name comes
Geology
2026 film by Aaron and Sean Schoenke
a feature film. The initial goal was met in 11 days, and the campaign ended on May 27, 2020, with $508,578 raised, meeting the goal for a feature film
Legend_of_the_White_Dragon
Chinese video-focused social media platform
and are over 16 years old. If over 18, the user's followers can send virtual "gifts" that can be later exchanged for money. The app's "react" feature allows
TikTok
Country in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
of the Karakhanid state. The Oghuz tribes established themselves in the Aral Sea region and made Yangikent (Dzhankent) their capital. Despite attempts
Kazakhstan
DC Comics sword and sorcery character
Arion began as a back-up feature in the DC Comics book Warlord with issue #55, in which ran until issue #62 when Arion gained his own series, Arion Lord
Arion_(character)
Indian actor
year, he appeared in Nam Areal Ond Dina. In 2013, he starred in Coffee With My Wife, a romantic drama. In 2014, Aniissh featured in Nan Life Alli as Deepu
Aniissh_Tejeshwar
were known for something else, all are remembered for their work as naturalists. Present-day geographical names are used wherever possible. Stearn lists
List of plant genera named after people (Q–Z)
List_of_plant_genera_named_after_people_(Q–Z)
Adventure (ERPI); Charles Henry Breasted B&W 8 shorts (edited later as a feature) April 1, 1934 Human Biology (Eothen Films) color series of 8mm film loops
List of Encyclopædia Britannica Films titles
List_of_Encyclopædia_Britannica_Films_titles
Languages similar by contact, not origin
linguistic convergence, or diffusion area, is a group of languages that share areal features resulting from geographical proximity and language contact. The
Sprachbund
Turkish film director, screenwriter, producer
Love 101, Who Were We Running From? and his feature debut on esports 'Good Game: The Beginning'. Umut Aral was raised in Istanbul, Turkey. He attended
Umut_Aral
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
2016. Brunsden, Denys (21 October 2015). How Soviet pollution destroyed the Aral Sea. Witness. BBC News. Retrieved 19 November 2023. "Study Says Pollution
Soviet_Union
Species of gastropod
long filiform tail. In Arion urbiae up to three spermatophores were encountered in the bursa of a single individual, a feature so far unknown in arionids
Arion_urbiae
Island country in Southeast Asia
66 (1): 106–120, doi:10.2307/415281, JSTOR 415281 Enfield, N.J. (2005), "Areal Linguistics and Mainland Southeast Asia" (PDF), Annual Review of Anthropology
Singapore
Archipelagic country in Southeast Asia
and GMA, are also seen in several other countries. Local film-making began in 1919 with the release of the first Filipino-produced feature film: Dalagang
Philippines
American rock band
largely consisting of Jenkins (vocals, rhythm guitar), Cadogan (lead guitar), Arion Salazar (bass guitar), and Brad Hargreaves (drums). Shortly after the release
Third_Eye_Blind
Country in Southeastern Europe and West Asia
describe the western and southern coasts of the country. Inland areas feature more severe winters, sharper temperature swings, and relatively low precipitation
Turkey
US ballistic missile defense system
Army Research Laboratory (ARL) assessed the vulnerability of THAAD, which featured an evaluation of the effects of major electromagnetic elements, including
Terminal High Altitude Area Defense
Terminal_High_Altitude_Area_Defense
This is a list of animated feature films first released in 1986. List of animated television series of 1986 Feature Film, Rating Count at least 1,000,
List of animated feature films of 1986
List_of_animated_feature_films_of_1986
Greek singer
century tracks is "Genethlia" (or "Gennethleia" as it was spelled when it featured on later albums and compilations). This song (the title of which translates
Notis_Sfakianakis
Into Live-Action Feature". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 2, 2022. Kroll, Justin (February 20, 2025). "Netflix Boards Feature Adaptation Of Slocap
List of films based on video games
List_of_films_based_on_video_games
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