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Roman province (106–630s)
Arabia Petraea (lit. 'Rocky Arabia') was a Roman province from the 2nd century to the 7th century that was situated mostly in what is now Jordan. The province
Arabia_Petraea
Romans knew of Arabia in three roughly divided regions: Arabia Petraea (lit. 'Rocky Arabia'), Arabia Deserta (lit. 'Deserted Arabia'), and Arabia Felix (lit
History of the Romans in Arabia
History_of_the_Romans_in_Arabia
Greco-Roman city that was established in Amman
In 106 AD, Philadelphia was incorporated into the Roman province of Arabia Petraea, and became an important stop along the Via Traiana Nova road. The city
Philadelphia_(Amman)
Peninsula in West Asia
and regions of modern Jordan, as reflected in the Roman province of Arabia Petraea, whose capital was Petra. In this context, Sinai formed part of a wider
Arabian_Peninsula
Group of ten Hellenistic cities in the Levant
Trajan, the cities were incorporated into the provinces of Syria and Arabia Petraea; several cities were later placed in Syria Palaestina and Palaestina
Decapolis
Roman name for the desert interior of the Arabian peninsula
Arabian peninsula: Arabia Deserta (or Arabia Magna), Arabia Felix, and Arabia Petraea. As a name for the region, it remained popular into the 19th and 20th
Arabia_Deserta
divided the region into three zones: Arabia Petraea (northwest, linked to the Nabataeans and later annexed by Rome), Arabia Deserta (the central desert, dominated
History_of_Saudi_Arabia
Human history in the Arabian Peninsula before 610 CE
province of Arabia Petraea, sometimes known as Roman Arabia. The desert frontier of Arabia Petraea, representing the borders between Roman and Arabian territory
Pre-Islamic_Arabia
Province of the Roman Empire (135–357 CE)
Maritima. Diocletian added to it in c. 300 much of the province of Arabia Petraea. It forms part of the timeline of Roman Palestine, the term used for
Syria_Palaestina
Arab kingdom, 3rd century BC to 106 AD
which renamed it to Arabia Petraea. The Nabataeans were among several Arab tribes that originally led a nomadic existence in the Arabian Desert, migrating
Nabataean_Kingdom
establishment of Arabia Petraea (the Roman province of Arabia) over this region, years began to be counted according to the Arabian era, whose first year
Calendars in pre-Islamic Arabia
Calendars_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
City in Suwayda, Syria
Syria, but formerly in the Roman province of Arabia Petraea. Known in Late Antiquity as Philippopolis (in Arabia), the city was the seat of a Bishopric (see
Shahba
Southern Levant during the rule of Ancient Rome (63 BCE - 324 CE)
underwent a similar evolution from client state to Roman province, Arabia Petraea (est. in 106). After 135 CE, Roman Palestine was re-organised into the
Roman_Palestine
Empress of Palmyra in 272
Zabdas to Bosra (capital of the province of Arabia Petraea); the queen's timing seems intentional. In Arabia the Roman governor (dux), Trassus (commanding
Zenobia
Belief in a single god in Arabia before Islam
Bishoprics were established in multiple areas in Eastern Arabia, as well as in Arabia Petraea, Najran, and Zafar. Churches, martyria and monasteries were
Monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia
Monotheism_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Archaic term for Arabs and later for all Muslims
a person who lived in or near what the ancient Romans knew as Arabia Petraea and Arabia Deserta. Its original meaning in Greek and Latin is not known
Saracen
Roman/Byzantine province (c.300-636)
and Arabia Petraea (the former Nabataean Kingdom): first, in c. 300 CE, the Negev, Sinai and Southern Transjordan were transferred from Arabia Petraea to
Palaestina_Salutaris
Roman emperor from 244 to 249
having been turbulent. Born in modern-day Shahba, Syria in what was then Arabia Petraea to a family likely of Arab descent, Philip was Praetorian prefect during
Philip_the_Arab
Country in West Asia
ruled large portions of north Arabia until their domain was annexed by the Roman Empire, which renamed it Arabia Petraea, and remained under the rule of
Saudi_Arabia
2nd century Roman senator and general
unknown. Two appointments are known for Nepos. The first was governor of Arabia Petraea, evinced by his name appearing in two papyri recovered from the Cave
Titus_Haterius_Nepos_(consul)
Ethnic group
capital Palmyra, led by Queen Zenobia, encompassed Syria Palaestina, Arabia Petraea, Egypt, and large parts of Anatolia. The Arab or Aramean Itureans inhabited
Arabs
Satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire
(Egypt) and Mesopotamia, later known to Romans as Arabia Petraea, as well as Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix. According to Herodotus, Cambyses did not subdue
Achaemenid_Arabia
Geographic region of the Arabian Peninsula
sixth century, up to the territory of Palaestina Salutaris (formerly Arabia Petraea). The most well-known tribe of Mudar, today, is the Quraysh, rulers
Hejaz
Arab people who inhabited northern Arabia and the southern Levant
and converted the Nabataean client state into the Roman province of Arabia Petraea in 105. There was a Nabataean community in Puteoli, in southern Italy
Nabataeans
Topics referred to by the same term
Peninsula in modern-day Saudi Arabia Arabia Petraea, a Roman province Arabia Felix, Roman term for what is today Yemen Arabia (satrapy), a satrapy (province)
Arabia_(disambiguation)
Ancient Roman road built by Emperor Trajan
was an ancient Roman road built by Emperor Trajan in the province of Arabia Petraea, from Aila (modern-day Aqaba) on the Red Sea to Bostra. It was specifically
Via_Traiana_Nova
3rd century Roman military officer and senator
legatus Augusti pro praetore (or imperial governor) of the province of Arabia Petraea. He was eventually appointed consul suffectus in a nundinium around
Egnatius_Victor_Marinianus
Travelogue of 19th-century Palestine by Edward Robinson
Biblical researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea (1841 edition), also Biblical Researches in Palestine and the Adjacent Regions (1856 edition)
Biblical Researches in Palestine
Biblical_Researches_in_Palestine
Holiest city in Islam and capital of Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia
located in northwest Arabia, around the area of Leuke Kome, within the former Nabataean Kingdom and the Roman province of Arabia Petraea. Ptolemy lists the
Mecca
Castra (Latin, singular castrum) were military forts of various sizes used by the Roman army throughout the Empire in Europe, Asia and Africa. The largest
List_of_castra_by_province
This is a list of known governors of the Arabia Petraea. Created in AD 106 following its annexation by the Roman emperor Trajan, it was governed by a senatorial
List of Roman governors of Arabia Petraea
List_of_Roman_governors_of_Arabia_Petraea
Former Latin name for South Arabia and Yemen
the Romans divided the peninsula: Arabia Deserta, Arabia Felix, and Arabia Petraea. The southwestern corner of the peninsula experienced more rainfall
Arabia_Felix
Roman province that encompassed most of modern-day Egypt
province was bordered by Crete and Cyrenaica to the west and Judaea, later Arabia Petraea, to the East. Egypt came to serve as a major producer of grain for the
Roman_Egypt
Sacred mountain mentioned in the Bible
and Arabia", and within Arabia Petraea, a Roman province encompassing modern Jordan, southern Syria, the Sinai Peninsula, and northwestern Arabia, with
Mount_Sinai_(Bible)
Ancient rock-cut historical city in Jordan
Syria, the part of the Arabian Peninsula under the rule of Petra was absorbed into the Roman Empire as part of Arabia Petraea. The native dynasty came
Petra
2nd century Roman senator and official
during the reigns of Trajan and Hadrian. He died while governing Roman Arabia; his unnamed son had a tomb prepared for him at Petra, which still stands
Lucius Aninius Sextius Florentinus
Lucius_Aninius_Sextius_Florentinus
Arab town in Haifa District, Israel
Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster
Baqa_al-Gharbiyye
Former kingdom in ancient Yemen
expense of the other South Arabian kingdoms and, by the late third century CE, had established its supremacy over most of South Arabia, its rulers subsequently
Himyar
Frontier and border defences of the Roman Empire
South-East England Limes Arabicus, the frontier of the Roman province of Arabia Petraea facing the desert Limes Tripolitanus, the frontier in modern Libya facing
Limes_(Roman_Empire)
Town in Syria
later became the prosperous provincial capital of the Roman province of Arabia Petraea following the dissolution of the Nabatean kingdom. With the advent of
Bosra
Breakaway state from Roman Empire (270–273)
Palmyra, its territory included the Roman provinces of Syria Palaestina, Arabia Petraea, and Egypt, as well as large parts of Asia Minor. The Palmyrene Empire
Palmyrene_Empire
History of Arabia from the third to seventh centuries CE
deserts, its frontier provinces, and its peoples. Roman usage included Arabia Petraea, the province created after the annexation of the Nabataean kingdom
Arabia_in_late_antiquity
2nd century Roman senator and consul
was pursued by legacy hunters. Gargilius Antiquus was the governor of Arabia Petraea from 116 to 119; in the latter year he was appointed suffect consul
Quintus Coredius Gallus Gargilius Antiquus
Quintus_Coredius_Gallus_Gargilius_Antiquus
Legatus Augusti pro praetore (or governor) of the Roman province of Arabia Petraea from AD 142 to 143. In 144, he was appointed suffect consul, and this
Lucius_Aemilius_Carus
Archaeological site in southern Jordan
Humayma (Arabic: الحميمة, romanized: al-Humayma) also spelled Humeima and Humaima, is the modern name of ancient Hawara. Hawara was a trading post in southern
Humayma
in Arabia". Virtual Karak Resources Project. Archived from the original on 2014-08-26. Linton, Gregory. "The End of the Roman Frontier in Arabia". Virtual
Betthorus
German explorer (1767–1811)
Smith, Eli (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster
Ulrich_Jasper_Seetzen
Arabian Christianity's growth, distribution before Islam
"southern and [eastern] countries and in the whole of the desert and in Arabia [Petraea] and Palestine". The Ghassanids became leading patrons of the Miaphysites
Christianity in pre-Islamic Arabia
Christianity_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Tribal confederation in pre-Islamic Arabia
ancient tribe or tribal confederation in pre-Islamic Arabia that occupied the northwestern Arabian Peninsula. They are attested in contemporaneous Mesopotamian
Thamud
Late 1st/early 2nd century Roman senator, magistrate, consul and governor
reign of the Emperor Trajan (98-117). Trajan had successfully annexed Arabia Petraea in 105 to 106, and appointed Severus as its first governor, who organized
Gaius_Claudius_Severus
Illyrian Parthorum Parthi Cappadocia E Turkey Parthian Petreorum Nabataei Arabia Pet. cPetra, Jordan Arabic Phrygum Phryges Galatia Eskisehir, W Turkey Phrygian
List of Roman auxiliary regiments
List_of_Roman_auxiliary_regiments
Ancient Yemeni kingdom
(Minaean: 𐩣𐩲𐩬; Arabic: معين, romanized: Maʿīn) was an ancient South Arabian kingdom in modern-day Yemen. It was located along the strip of desert called
Ma'in
Peninsula in Egypt
Governorate in the north. In the classical era, the region was known as Arabia Petraea. The peninsula acquired the name Sinai in modern times due to the assumption
Sinai_Peninsula
Mountain in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Sawaj Mountain Highest point Elevation 1,254 m (4,114 ft) Geography Location Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Sawaj_Mountain
Conflict between the Roman and Palmyrene empires (270)
Zenobia of Palmyra sent her general, Zabdas, to Bostra, the capital of Arabia Petraea, to subjugate the Tanukhids who were challenging Palmyrene authority
Sack_of_Bostra
Place mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and Quran
modern-day Saudi Arabia, mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and Quran. William G. Dever states that biblical Midian was in the "northwest Arabian Peninsula, on
Midian
Swiss traveller and writer (1784–1817)
the brother of Moses. This region was the former Roman province of Arabia Petraea leading him to believe these were the ruins he had heard about in Malta
Johann_Ludwig_Burckhardt
Regional history of Palestine/Israel
in the Geography of Israel (in Hebrew). 10: 111. Alois Musil (1908). Arabia Petraea. Vol. III: Ethnologischer Reisebericht. Alfred Hölder. p. 44. Max Freiherr
History of the Negev during the Mamluk and Ottoman periods
History_of_the_Negev_during_the_Mamluk_and_Ottoman_periods
Governorate of Medina Region, Saudi Arabia
until 106 CE, when the Roman Empire conquered and annexed it in their Arabia Petraea province. Al-Mabiyat, some 20 km (12 miles) away near Mughayrah became
Al-Ula
2nd century Roman politician and general
Arabia; an inscription from Bostra describes Antistius Adventus as consul designate, and Anthony Birley presumes he held that office while in Arabia.
Quintus_Antistius_Adventus
3rd century Roman military officer, senator and consul
appointment as Legatus Augusti pro praetore (or imperial governor) of Arabia Petraea sometime between AD 200 and 207. Sometime around this period, between
Lucius_Marius_Perpetuus
Calendar era of the Roman province of Arabia Petraea
to 22 March 106 AD. It was the official era of the Roman province of Arabia Petraea, introduced to replace dating by regnal years after the Roman annexation
Bostran_era
3rd century CE. Heliodorus is known to be from the Roman province of Arabia Petraea. Although little is known about him, Greek sophist Philostratus in his
Heliodorus_(sophist)
Name list
the novel Aethiopica Heliodorus (sophist) a 3rd century sophist from Arabia Petraea. Heliodorus of Bet Zabdai (died 344), a Syrian bishop and martyr. Heliodorus
Heliodorus
Part of the Southern Levant east of the Jordan River
divided among his sons into the Herodian Tetrarchy. Provincia Arabia Petraea or simply Arabia, was a frontier province of the Roman Empire beginning in the
Transjordan_(region)
Hermon, which separates it from Arabia Deserta, on the East, by the mountains of Seir, and the deserts of Arabia Petraea, on the South, and by the Mediterranean
Timeline of the name Palestine
Timeline_of_the_name_Palestine
Roman legion
Nubians and Jews. In the first century AD, it was usually located in Arabia Petraea. There are still records of the legion in Syria at the beginning of
Legio_III_Cyrenaica
1st century AD Thracian prince and Roman Client King of Lesser Armenia
Armenian Kingdom and some parts of Arabia to rule. These parts of Arabia later became the Roman province of Arabia Petraea. Cotys ruled in Lesser Armenia
Cotys_IX
Roman official, soldier and praetorian prefect (190-243)
Procurator provinciae Arabiae (financial administrator of the province of Arabia Petraea). With this posting Timesitheus became a centenarius (nominal salary
Gaius Furius Sabinius Aquila Timesitheus
Gaius_Furius_Sabinius_Aquila_Timesitheus
Pre-Islamic inscriptions
Pre-Islamic Arabian inscriptions are inscriptions from the Arabian Peninsula from before Islam. These inscriptions document all the known pre-Islamic Arabian languages
Pre-Islamic Arabian inscriptions
Pre-Islamic_Arabian_inscriptions
Late 1st/early 2nd century Roman statesman, soldier, consul and governor
annexed Nabatea in AD 106, helping to create the Roman province of Arabia Petraea. In AD 109, he was consul ordinarius a second time. Cornelius Palma
Aulus Cornelius Palma Frontonianus
Aulus_Cornelius_Palma_Frontonianus
Period of Arabia before documented history
Prehistoric Arabia, or the prehistory of Arabia, refers to the era of the Arabian Peninsula that predates the start of recorded history in the region
Prehistoric_Arabia
Roman Egyptian general and usurper (c. 130–175)
support in the eastern provinces of Egypt, Syria, Syria Palaestina and Arabia Petraea, with Egypt being its capital. Despite his control of the vital grain
Avidius_Cassius
Roman emperor from 193 to 211
to the Tigris. He then enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes
Septimius_Severus
Group of people or animals traveling together in a row
A trade caravan passing the Isle of Graia in the Gulf of Akabah, Arabia Petraea,1839 lithograph by Louis Haghe from an original by David Roberts
Caravan_(travellers)
Archaeological site in northwest Saudi Arabia
in the area of Al-'Ula within Medina Province in the Hejaz region, Saudi Arabia. A majority of the remains date from the time of the Nabataean Kingdom,
Hegra
Military activity in Arabia before Islam
conquer parts of Arabia. In 106 AD, the Roman Empire conquered the Nabataean Kingdom and established the Roman province of Arabia Petraea. Beginning in the
Warfare_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Place in Baalbek-Hermel, Lebanon
Region". Vogue Arabia. Retrieved 2026-04-21. Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of
Qaa
City in southwestern Syria
and appears on its coinage. It was incorporated into the province of Arabia Petraea. By the 3rd century, it had gained the status of polis or self-governed
Daraa
Ancient city in the land of Bashan mentioned in the Hebrew Bible
Eusebius (c. 260/265–340) writes of Karneia/Karnaia, a large village in Arabia Petraea, where a house of Job was identified by tradition. The name translates
Ashteroth_Karnaim
3rd century Roman senator, governor and consul
Gallienus, Lupus was appointed the senatorial Praeses (governor) of Arabia Petraea (a position he held before 259). During his term the rhetorician Callinicus
Virius_Lupus_(consul_278)
Village in Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon
Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster
Bednayel
(235–238) and Gordian III (238–244) He was born in the Roman province of Arabia Petraea. Gaianus has been described as a student of the sophist Apsines, a native
Gaianus_of_Arabia
Ancient kingdom East of the Dead Sea
in return from the support of Assyria against the nomadic tribes of the Arabian desert, and in particular against the Qedarites. King Kamas-halta seemed
Moab
Desert frontier of the Roman Empire
of the Roman Empire, running north from its start in the province of Arabia Petraea. It ran northeast from the Gulf of Aqaba for about 1,500 kilometers
Limes_Arabicus
Polity in Africa and Arabia before 960
or the Aksumite Empire, was a kingdom in the Horn of Africa and South Arabia from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages, based in what is now Eritrea
Kingdom_of_Aksum
Greek Orthodox monastery in the West Bank
Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker & Brewster
Mar_Saba
including the battles and wars, that characterized pre-Islamic Arabia. Pre-Islamic Arabian warfare was organized around the tribal structure of most of
List of wars and battles in pre-Islamic Arabia
List_of_wars_and_battles_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Topics referred to by the same term
eldest son Teman (Edom), an Edomite clan and an ancient biblical town of Arabia Petraea Teman Mono-Fly, an American ultralight aircraft designed by structural
Teman
Formally independent states, but subordinate to the Roman Empire
national identity, into the new Roman province of Arabia Petraea. Their power had now extended well into Arabia, along the Red Sea to Yemen, and Petra remained
Client kingdoms in ancient Rome
Client_kingdoms_in_ancient_Rome
Ancient Arabian polity
north and central Arabia by the Hujrid dynasty (in Arabic tradition, called the Banu Akil al-Murar), a family of the South Arabian tribe of Kinda, in
Kingdom_of_Kinda
One of the Seventy Disciples of Jesus
Biblical researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea,John Murray 1841 vol.2 pp.413-414 Martyrologium Romanum, 2004, Vatican
Ananias_of_Damascus
Christian Arab tribe
in the Levant, Genealogies trace their ancestry back to the Azd tribe of Arabia. They became clients of the Roman Empire, serving as foederati responsible
Ghassanids
Ancient Levantine city
Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the Year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster
Caesarea_Maritima
King of the Nabataean Kingdom (ruled AD 70-106)
conquered the kingdom on 22 March 106. It became the Roman province of Arabia Petraea, with Bosra becoming its provincial capital. List of rulers of Nabatea
Rabbel_II_Soter
Arabic poetry composed between 540 and 620 AD
the pre-Islamic period), was composed in Arabia roughly between 540 and 620 AD, the period of late antique Arabia. This poetry largely originated in the
Pre-Islamic_Arabic_poetry
2nd century Roman senator and consul
inscription dedicated to her, dating from her husband's governorship of Arabia Petraea. Quintus Antistius Adventus (born around mid-120s), during the rule
Lucius_Antistius_Burrus
Ethnic identity
Kingdom and created, in its place, an administrative region known as Arabia Petraea in 106 AD. Afterwards, the word "Arab" partially was redefined as an
Arab_identity
Historical Eastern Christian community in southern Arabia
the most notable community of Christians in pre-Islamic Arabia, rising in the period of Arabia in late antiquity. Christianity appears to have spread into
Christian_community_of_Najran
Economy of Arabia before Islam
The economy of pre-Islamic Arabia comprised the forms of production, subsistence and exchange practiced in the Arabian Peninsula before the rise of Islam
Economy_of_pre-Islamic_Arabia
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ARABIA PETRAEA
ARABIA PETRAEA
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Fourth; A God Name
Female
German
Old German name derived from the word amal, AMALIA means "work."
Female
Scottish
Scottish form of English Amabel, ARABEL means "lovable."
Girl/Female
Arabic
Worshipper; Devotee
Girl/Female
Biblical Latin
Evening, desert, ravens.
Girl/Female
Afghan, African, Arabic, French, German, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Japanese, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Pashtun, Swahili, Telugu, Turkish
Famous; Godly; Spring; The Fourth Female; Popular; Divine; Greenery
Biblical
evening; desert; ravens
Boy/Male
African, Arabic
Spring
Female
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Latin Aurelia, ARANKA means "golden."
Girl/Female
Biblical Greek Spanish
Acacia wood was used to build the wilderness Tabernacle.
Female
English
English name derived from the tree name, from Latin acacia, from Greek akakia, ACACIA means "thorny Egyptian tree." Besides the flowering shrub or tree, Acacia is also the name of a fraternity. In Freemasonry, the Acacia symbolizes immortality of the soul, innocence and purity, and birth into a new life. The acaica seyal is believed to have been the biblical shittah-tree (Isaiah 41:19) which furnished the wood for the Ark of the Covenant and for the Tabernacle.Â
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Australian
Arabian
Female
Scottish
Variant spelling of Scottish Arabella, ARABELA means "lovable."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Paradise Door; Returning to God
Girl/Female
Arabic
Bird of Heaven
Boy/Male
Arabic
Crowd; Band; Swallow
Female
English
English name derived from the Italian phrase cara mia, CARAMIA means "my beloved."
Female
Russian
(ÐгаÌÑ„ÑŒÑ) Russian form of Latin Agatha, AGAFIA means "good."
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Amariah, AMARIA means "whom God spoke of."
Girl/Female
Latin
From Aricia.
ARABIA PETRAEA
ARABIA PETRAEA
ARABIA PETRAEA
ARABIA PETRAEA
ARABIA PETRAEA
ARABIA PETRAEA
ARABIA PETRAEA
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