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14th-century BCE Egyptian clay tablet
Amarna letter EA 34, titled: "The Pharaoh's Reproach Answered", is a moderately tall clay tablet Amarna letter from the King of Alashiya. ((Obverse)-See
Amarna_letter_EA_34
14th-century BCE Egyptian clay tablet
Amarna letter EA 19 is a tall clay tablet letter of 13 paragraphs, in relatively pristine condition, with some minor flaws on the clay, but a complete
Amarna_letter_EA_19
Ancient clay tablet
Amarna letter EA 362, titled: "A Commissioner Murdered," is a finely-inscribed clay tablet letter from Rib-Haddi, the mayor/'man' of the city of Byblos
Amarna_letter_EA_362
14th-century BCE Egyptian clay tablet
Amarna letter EA 288, titled Benign Neglect, is a tall, finely-inscribed clay tablet letter, approximately 7.5 in tall x 4.5 in wide, broken into two
Amarna_letter_EA_288
14th-century BCE Egyptian clay tablet
Amarna letter EA 245, titled: "Assignment of Guilt," is a medium length clay tablet Amarna letter from Biridiya the governor-'mayor' of Magidda. It is
Amarna_letter_EA_245
Amarna letter EA 59, titled: "From the Citizens of Tunip", is a short- to moderate-length clay tablet Amarna letter from the city-state of Tunip, written
Amarna_letter_EA_59
14th-century BCE Egyptian clay tablet
Amarna letter EA 100, titled: "The City of Irqata to the King" is a short to moderate-length clay tablet Amarna letter from the city-state of Irqata, (modern
Amarna_letter_EA_100
Amarna letter EA 286, titled: "A Throne Granted, Not Inherited," is a tall, finely-inscribed clay tablet letter, approximately 8 in tall, and 3.5 in wide
Amarna_letter_EA_286
Amarna letter EA 289, titled: "A Reckoning Demanded," is a moderately tall, finely-inscribed clay tablet letter, approximately 6.5 in tall, from Abdi-Heba
Amarna_letter_EA_289
Egyptian archive of correspondence on clay tablets
The Amarna letters (/əˈmɑːrnə/; sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets, and cited with the abbreviation "EA", for "El Amarna")
Amarna_letters
Antiques
Amarna letter EA 161, titled An Absence Explained, is a tall clay tablet letter of 8 paragraphs, with single paragraphing lines. The surface is somewhat
Amarna_letter_EA_161
Cuneiform tablet
dating from the first half of the 14th century BCE. The letter was discovered in 1887 in Amarna. Originally, it consisted of 494 lines, but only 466 lines
Mitanni_Letter
Cuneiform sign
used to spell šapāru in EA 34, titled The Pharaoh's reproach Answered, line 8, Obverse—spelled, ta-aš--tap-ra. Amarna letter EA 28, titled Messengers Detained
Aš_(cuneiform)
Cuneiform sign
any size, are often smaller than the vertical, but as an example, Amarna letter EA 256, can be almost as large as the vertical. In the Epic of Gilgamesh
Ud_(cuneiform)
Bronze Age polity of the Eastern Mediterranean
of the town". EA 33; Title: An Alliance in the Making EA 34; Title: The Pharaoh's reproach answered EA 35; Title: The hand of Nergal EA 36; Title: More
Alashiya
Prince of Tyre
Amarna letters correspondence (1360–1332 BC). He is the author of ten letters to the Egyptian pharaoh, EA 146–155 (EA for 'el Amarna'). In letter EA 147
Abimilki
Cuneiform sign
Also: Cuneiform-ar, (Shuwardata of Amarna letter EA 282) Cuneiform-nim-(nem, nim, num, and Sumerograms NIM, NUM) (EA 34) Winkelhaken – one of the five basic
U_(cuneiform)
14th-century BCE king of Mitanni
Source: Amarna letter EA 17, Amarna letter EA 18, Amarna letter EA 19, "Love and Gold" Amarna letter EA 20, Amarna letter EA 21, Amarna letter EA 22, "Presents
Tushratta
Ancient Hurrian-speaking state in northern Syria and southeast Anatolia
Amarna letters were sent to pharaoh Amenhotep III (including EA 19 and EA 23) and four to pharaoh Akhenaten (including EA 27). A single Amarna letter
Mitanni
Sumerian cuneiform for 'lord' or 'priest'
equivalent. Some example letters using cuneiform EN are letters EA (for El Amarna) 252, EA 254, and EA 282, titled: "A demand for recognition", by Abimilku; "Neither
EN_(cuneiform)
Eighteenth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh
"Amarna Age Chronology and the Identity of Nibh ̆ururiyain the Light of a Newly Reconstructed Hittite Text" (PDF). Altorientalische Forschungen. 34 (2)
Akhenaten
Mayor/ruler of Gazru (Gezer)
ḫa-bi-ri). He is known from several letter in that Amarna Archive. There is one letter from the King of Egypt to Milki-ilu (EA 369), there are five letters from
Milkilu
Ninth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt
against a coregency includes Amarna Letter EA 27, which is dated to Regnal Year 2 of Amenhotep IV. The subject of the letter involves a complaint from the
Amenhotep_III
Potential 14th-century BC Egyptian official
people-(citizens of Gubla-Byblos), etc. Amarna letter EA 114 has the distinction of being the only letter of the 382–Amarna letter correspondence referencing Alashiya/Cyprus-(and
Amanmašša
God in Sumerian mythology
instead of cuneiform script. Enki (Sumerian: 𒀭𒂗𒆠 dEN-KI), also known as Ea (Akkadian: 𒀭𒂍𒀀 dE₂-A), was the Mesopotamian god of wisdom, crafts, fresh
Enki
Ruler of a city-state in southern Canaan
1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. The city he represented is in proximity to the two cities mentioned in his only Amarna letter, EA 296, (EA for 'el
Yabitiri
Region in the ancient Near East
from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 9 October 2018. El Amarna letter, EA 189. Millek, Jesse Michael (2018). "Destruction and the Fall of Egyptian
Canaan
Biblical city and an archeological site in Israel
Ṯipti-Baʿlu/Haddu of Lachish is mentioned five times in the Amarna Archive, in letter from Egypt (EA 333), Lachish (EA 330, 331, 332). He holds the title "Man of Lachish"
Tel_Lachish
King of the Canaanite city of Gath
heaven." Besides letters EA 283, and EA 366, (EA for 'el Amarna'), only letter 280 tells of intrigues: See Labaya, or Abdi-Heba, as EA 280 claims: "Moreover
Šuwardata
Purported ancient tribal confederation of the Late Bronze Age
the author is stated to be Amenemope, son of Amenemope. Letter EA 81 Lorenz, Megaera. "The Amarna Letters". Penn State site. Archived from the original
Sea_Peoples
People of the ancient Near East
additional letters in the 382–letter Amarna corpus that reference Karaduniyaš. The first is a damaged, and partial letter, EA 200, (with no author), regarding
Kassites
Cuneiform-ar, (Shuwardata of Amarna letter EA 282) Cuneiform-ar--..(=ši + ri) Cuneiform-nim-(nem, nim, num, and Sumerograms NIM, NUM) (EA 34) Buccellati, Giorgio
Ù_(cuneiform)
return to me.'" — The Assyrian king joins the "Great Powers' Club" (Amarna letter EA 15) The agents who conducted relations between royal courts were the
Diplomacy in the ancient Near East
Diplomacy_in_the_ancient_Near_East
Cuneiform sign
(Shuwardata of Amarna letter EA 282) Cuneiform-nim-(nem, nim, num, and Sumerograms NIM, NUM) (EA 34) Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 365, Justified
Mi_(cuneiform)
Cuneiform sign
an example of its usage in the Amarna letters, the photo shows a fragment from the front (obverse) of Amarna letter EA 26. The photo shows the lower-left
Ta_(cuneiform)
of "ERIM.MEŠ-pitati", by Amarna letter: EA 86, 86:7--pí-ṭa-ti EA 282, 282:11--pí-ṭa-ti EA 290, 290:20--pí-ṭa-ti EA 296, 296:34--pí-ṭa-ti Moran, William
Bi_(cuneiform)
Cuneiform sign
CDLI: EA 34. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 062, p. 156. Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters
Qa_(cuneiform)
City in Lebanon
for assistance. (EA 100, EA for el Amarna). The letter is entitled: "The city of Irqata to the king". This tablet-(i.e. tablet letter) is a tablet from
Arqa
Cuneiform sign
Moran, William L. 1987, 1992, The Amarna Letters, letter EA 365, Furnishing Corvée Workers, p. 363 Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Glossary:Vocabulary
LÚ
Tribal group described in the Bible
Machine; Judges 19:10 ) Urusalim e.g. in EA 289:014, Urušalim e.g. in EA 287:025. Transcription online at "The El Amarna Letters from Canaan". Tau.ac.il. Retrieved
Jebusites
Biblical city in the West Bank
Shechem is attested as sꜣkꜣmꜣꜣ in Ancient Egyptian and Ša-ak-mi in Amarna letter 289, which indicates the first consonant was */θ/ at this time. The
Shechem
Hurrian goddess of love and war
document pertaining to worship of Šauška in the Mittani empire is the Amarna letter EA 19, written by Tushratta, king of Mitanni to his father-in-law, pharaoh
Šauška
a candidate. In Egypt, the Amarna Archive mentions "Hinnatuna" first in Amarna Letters EA 245 and later in Amarna Letter EA 8. We learn that Surata of
Hannathon
Cuneiform sign
Gilgamesh is as follows: (šum, 34 times, tag, 2, tak, 23, and taq, 7 times). A common usage of the šum cuneiform in the Amarna letters is for the Akkadian
Šum_(cuneiform)
Glass-and-metal pyramid in the main courtyard of the Louvre Palace
it reaches a height of 21.6 metres (71 ft). Its square base has sides of 34 metres (112 ft) and a base surface area of 1,000 square metres (11,000 ft2)
Louvre_Pyramid
Location near Ugarit c. 1350–1335 BC
Amarna letters correspondence of 1350–1335 BC. The region of Salhi is referenced in only one letter of the Amarna letters corpus, that of EA 126, (EA
Salhi_(region)
Ancient port city in western Syria and northern levant
12th century BC. A tablet from the 14th century BC found in the Amarna archives, EA 89, Rib-Hadda of Byblos likening the palace at Tyre to the grandeur
Ugarit
Cuneiform sign
zi sign is a common multi-use sign of the Epic of Gilgamesh, the 1350 BC Amarna letters, and other cuneiform texts. It also has a sumerogrammic usage for
Zi_(cuneiform)
Historical ethnic group of Southwest Asia
Hattusa, Ugarit (Ras Shamra), as well as in one of the longest of the Amarna letters (EA 27), written by King Tushratta of Mitanni to Pharaoh Amenhotep III
Hurrians
Moabite stele commemorating Mesha's victory over Israel (c. 840 BCE)
with this population, whatever their origin. In the mid—14th century, the Amarna letters mention no Israël, nor any of the biblical tribes, while the Merneptah
Mesha_Stele
Ancient Greek sculpture
1973, p. 188, fig. 5; Holtzmann Pasquier, 1998, p. 258. Hamiaux 2007, p. 34 Wescoat in Hamiaux, Laugier, Martinez, 2014, pp. 174–178, fig. 158–163 Clinton
Winged_Victory_of_Samothrace
Early Neolithic statues found in Jordan
and Middle East ʿAin Ghazal statue Amarna letter EA 362 Amarna letter EA 364 Amarna letter EA 365 Amarna letter EA 367 Assyrian lion weights Baal with
Ayn_Ghazal_statues
Archeological site of an ancient city in Israel
the Amarna Period (c. 1350 BCE), the Man of Hazor (LU2 Hasura) saw its petty king Abdi-Tirshi swearing loyalty to the Egyptian pharaoh. In Amarna Tablet
Tel_Hazor
Historical and mythical limestone account / depiction
Civilization of Western Asia". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 45: 34-35. doi:10.2307/593461. Retrieved 2026-05-31. Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp
Stele_of_the_Vultures
Egyptian Pharaoh
initiating contact with Egypt's former rival, Mitanni, is documented by Amarna letter EA 29 composed decades later by Tushratta, a Mittanian king who ruled
Thutmose_IV
Statue of Diana
I. Leventi, "Leochares", vol. 19, pp. 169–170, in The Dictionary of Art, 34 volumes, edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove. ISBN 9781884446009. "Artemis
Diana_of_Versailles
Art museum in Paris, France
Cultural Life in Nazi-Occupied Paris. Alfred A Knopf, New York: 2010. p. 34. Matila Simon, "The battle of the Louvre;: The struggle to save French art
Louvre
from the pharaoh to Kadashman-Enlil I of Babylon in the Amarna Letter (EA1–5). Other Amarna letters link Amenhotep III to Burnaburiash II of Babylon
Chronology of the ancient Near East
Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East
24:12,15–16; 25:27–30; 2 Chronicles 36:9–10; Jeremiah 22:24–26; 29:2; 52:31–34; Ezekiel 17:12). Early Paleo-Hebrew writing – contenders for the earliest
List of inscriptions in biblical archaeology
List_of_inscriptions_in_biblical_archaeology
Site of an ancient city in northern Israel's Jezreel Valley
from Megiddo (EA 242, 243, 244, 246, 247, 365) and from Taanach (EA 248). The Amarna Letter E245 mentions local ruler Biridiya of Megiddo. Other contemporary
Tel_Megiddo
Ivory and flint knife dating from Egyptian prehistory
the British Museum's Early Egypt gallery, room 64, under the catalog number EA 68512. The blade of the knife is virtually identical in style to that of the
Gebel_el-Arak_Knife
1659 painting by Adriaen van Ostade
and Middle East ʿAin Ghazal statue Amarna letter EA 362 Amarna letter EA 364 Amarna letter EA 365 Amarna letter EA 367 Assyrian lion weights Baal with
The_Fish_Market
Pair of Phoenician marble cippi
the late 17th century, and the identification of their inscription in a letter dated 1694 made them the first Phoenician writing to be identified and published
Cippi_of_Melqart
Ancient Arabic inscription
47. Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fourth Century, Irfan Shahid. pp. 33–34. Perhaps Imru' al-Qays Christianity was of the manichaean type, completely
Namara_inscription
Painting by Jean-Baptiste Greuze
and Middle East ʿAin Ghazal statue Amarna letter EA 362 Amarna letter EA 364 Amarna letter EA 365 Amarna letter EA 367 Assyrian lion weights Baal with
The_Broken_Vessel
Byzantine ivory leaf from an imperial diptych
the Barberini collection in Rome. Peiresc mentions it specifically in a letter to his friend Palamède de Vallavez, dated 29 October 1625: ...[the cardinal]
Barberini_ivory
Ancient Mesopotamian inscribed stone
"son of Arad-Ea" (neighbor) Kidin-Ninurta, son of Namru (ex-governor of Ḫudādu) Nabû-šum-iddina, son of Šuzib-Marduk, "son of Arad-Ea" (Meli-Šipak’s
Land grant to Munnabittu kudurru
Land_grant_to_Munnabittu_kudurru
7th–8th century BCE artifacts
the Bernardini tomb discovery, archaeologist Wolfgang Helbig published a letter he had written to Sardinian antiquarian and politician Giovanni Spano, who
Phoenician_metal_bowls
Painting by Richard Parkes Bonington
and Middle East ʿAin Ghazal statue Amarna letter EA 362 Amarna letter EA 364 Amarna letter EA 365 Amarna letter EA 367 Assyrian lion weights Baal with
Francis I, Charles V and the Duchess of Étampes
Francis_I,_Charles_V_and_the_Duchess_of_Étampes
Ancient Egyptian ghost story
supernatural way than in modern depictions. Sousa, Rogério (October 10, 2018). "34. Shabtis of Khonsuemheb (ḫnsw-m-ḥb)". The Tomb of the Priests of Amun: 428–430
Khonsuemheb_and_the_Ghost
Statue type of Athena, wearing a helmet
3 October 2015. "LacusCurtius • Pliny the Elder's Natural History — Book 34". Wikimedia Commons has media related to Velletri Pallas (Louvre Ma 464).
Athena_of_Velletri
Cuneiform sign
gi sign is a common multi-use sign of the Epic of Gilgamesh, the 1350 BC Amarna letters, and other cuneiform texts. It also has a sumerogrammic usage for
Gi_(cuneiform)
6th-century BC Phoenician royal coffin
rights to any discoveries. The matter quickly took a political turn; in a letter dated 21 April 1855 the director of the French national museums, Count Émilien
Sarcophagus_of_Eshmunazar_II
Achaemenid-era Aramaic inscriptions
Raymond P. “A Babylonian City in Arabia.” American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 34, no. 3, 1930, pp. 296–312 Degen, Rainer, "Die aramäischen Inschriften aus
Tayma_stones
Ancient Egyptian mathematical document
completion, which in modern notation are simply subtraction problems. Problems 24–34 are ‘‘aha’’ problems; these are linear equations. Problem 32 for instance
Rhind_Mathematical_Papyrus
Capital city of South Governorate, Lebanon
Lebanon. Lebanon portal Abdalonymus – 4th-century BC King of Sidon Amarna letter EA 144 King of Sidon – Ruler of Sidon Royal necropolis of Ayaa – Phoenician
Sidon
Greek bronze statue
1960. Clark 1956, pp. 34–35. Plate 235. According to Thomas Hoving, False Impressions: the hunt for big-time art fakes 1996:34; Hoving quotes his previously
Apollo_of_Piombino
Painting by Hubert Robert
son histoire", La Revue du Louvre et des musées de France, vol. 2, 1989, p. 34 (French) Roger Hahn, "Quelques nouveaux documents sur Jean-Sylvain Bailly"
Project for the Transformation of the Grande Galerie du Louvre
Project_for_the_Transformation_of_the_Grande_Galerie_du_Louvre
1670 painting by Jacob van Ruisdael
Groot 1911, p. 296. Slive 2001, p. 461. Jansen, Luijten & Bakker 2009, Letter 34. "The Louvre". Louvre. 1670. Retrieved 13 December 2015. Hofstede de Groot
Storm_Off_a_Sea_Coast
Statue at the Louvre in Paris
Hellenistic Sculpture I. The Styles of ca. 331-200 B.C., Madison, 2001, p.34. Pausanias (I, 23, 7). Tullia Linders, Studies in the Treasure Records of
Diana_of_Gabii
Ancient Egyptian sandstone stela with a hieroglyphic text telling the story of Bentresh
Bentresh. In: Bulletin de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale (BIFAO) 34, 1934, S. 75–81. Joachim Friedrich Quack: Importing and Exporting Gods? On
Bentresh_stela
Ancient port and city in Tel Aviv, Israel
Egyptian name Yapu, along its royal granaries. During that period, Amarna Letter EA 138 implied that the Pharaoh suggested Rib-Hadda, the king of Byblos
Jaffa
Painting by Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot
and Middle East ʿAin Ghazal statue Amarna letter EA 362 Amarna letter EA 364 Amarna letter EA 365 Amarna letter EA 367 Assyrian lion weights Baal with
The_Bridge_at_Narni
Channel 4 Books. p. 92. ISBN 0-7522-1903-0. William L. Moran (1992). The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 93. Tyldesley, Joyce (2006)
List of ancient Egyptian royal consorts
List_of_ancient_Egyptian_royal_consorts
..812266P. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30528-0. PMC 6095915. PMID 30116054. Amarna Tablet 244 Archived 2023-04-04 at the Wayback Machine. "Pandemics That Changed
List of epidemics and pandemics
List_of_epidemics_and_pandemics
Archaeological site in Syria
continued his communication with the pharaoh for some time; in an Amarna letter (EA 55), the king of Qatna described to Akhenaten the actions of Šuppiluliuma
Qatna
Assyrian history (911–609 BCE)
𒆳𒀸𒋩) or 𒀸𒋩𒆠 aš-šurᵏⁱ (Sumerian 𒀸𒋩𒆠) Also 𒆳𒀭𒀀𒋩 mat ᵈa-šur in Amarna letter EA 15 dating to c. 1340 BCE Rarely also the Late Assyrian Empire or New
Neo-Assyrian_Empire
City in the West Bank, Palestine
municipalities] (in Serbian). Kraljevo. Albright, W.F. (2000) [1975]. "The Amarna letters from Palestine". In Eiddon, Iorwerth; Edwards, Stephen; Gadd, C
Hebron
Ancient Mesopotamian, Ugaritic and Egyptian war goddess
dNIN.URTA, where Abdi-Ashirta mustered his troops according to the Amarna letter number 74, line 36, should be understood as belonging to Anat. Na'aman
Anat
very unpleasant. The first clear accounts of the city are given by the ten Amarna letters dated 1350 BC from the Prince of Tyre, Abimilku, written to Akenaten
History_of_Tyre,_Lebanon
travel, tourism, insurance
AMARNA LETTER-EA-34
AMARNA LETTER-EA-34
AMARNA LETTER-EA-34
AMARNA LETTER-EA-34
AMARNA LETTER-EA-34
AMARNA LETTER-EA-34
AMARNA LETTER-EA-34
AMARNA LETTER-EA-34
AMARNA LETTER-EA-34
travel, tourism, insurance