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A constitutional referendum was held in Egypt on 22 May 1980. The amendments would create the Shura Council, an upper house for the country's Parliament
1980 Egyptian constitutional referendum
1980_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum
Upper house of the Parliament of Egypt
Shura Council after the passage of the 2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum, with the subsequent 2020 Egyptian Senate election marking its first election
Senate_(Egypt)
Head of state and government
These amendments were subsequently ratified in the 2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum. During their tenure in office, the president is not allowed
President_of_Egypt
Aspect of modern Egyptian history
Following Mubarak's resignation, the military government appointed the Egyptian constitutional review committee of 2011 and proposed that Articles 76, 77, 88
History of the Egyptian Constitution
History_of_the_Egyptian_Constitution
summarises referendum laws and practice in various countries. The table below refers to nationwide referendums. On 19 March 2011 a constitutional referendum was
Referendums_by_country
Highest judiciary body in Egypt
Theory - The Egyptian Constitutional System / Mohamed Abdelrahman Heloul, page 13 Constitutional law: General Theory - The Egyptian Constitutional System /
Supreme Constitutional Court (Egypt)
Supreme_Constitutional_Court_(Egypt)
activity. With the exception of the 2012 Egyptian presidential election after the Egyptian Revolution, elections in Egypt have been subject to criticism from
Politics_of_Egypt
Fundamental law of Egypt from 1971-2011
Republic of Egypt was the former constitution of Egypt. It was adopted on 11 September 1971 through a public referendum. It was later amended in 1980, 2005
Egyptian_Constitution_of_1971
Country in North Africa
name of Egypt, while Maṣr (Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mɑsˤɾ]; مَصر) is the local pronunciation in Egyptian Arabic. The current name of Egypt, Misr/Misir/Misru
Egypt
Commonwealth realm statuses ended by Guyana via constitutional amendment effective 17 March; The Gambia via referendum on 14 April. Sierra Leone (1971) – Commonwealth
Changes in British sovereignty
Changes_in_British_sovereignty
State crisis between 2011 and 2014
The Egyptian Crisis (Egyptian Arabic: الأزمة المصرية, romanized: al-ʾazma al-Maṣriyya) was a period of political instability that began with the 2011
Egyptian_Crisis_(2011–2014)
Political upheaval in Egypt
facto ruler of Egypt the military's popularity decreased. All four Egyptian presidents since the 1950s have a military background. Key Egyptian military personnel
2011_Egyptian_revolution
A referendum took place in Southern Sudan from 9 to 15 January 2011, on whether the region should remain a part of Sudan or become independent. The referendum
2011 South Sudanese independence referendum
2011_South_Sudanese_independence_referendum
Military overthrow of Mohamed Morsi in Egypt
guard Egypt's borders. Although the Egyptian constitution ostensibly declares the president as the supreme commander of the armed forces, the Egyptian military
2013_Egyptian_coup_d'état
A referendum on becoming a republic was held in South Africa on 5 October 1960. The Afrikaner-dominated right-wing National Party, which had come to power
1960 South African republic referendum
1960_South_African_republic_referendum
Secessionist movement in Canada
re Secession of Quebec, both of which require a clear referendum result followed by constitutional negotiations, not unilateral separation. Recent legal
Alberta_separatism
Movement to turn Jamaica into a republic
would also have required a constitutional amendment) and made their support for republicanism conditional on a referendum being held for the judicial
Republicanism_in_Jamaica
Former political party in Egypt
rarely needed to resort to referendums except in circumstances where it is a formal requirement, such as initiating constitutional changes. Article 152 was
National Democratic Party (Egypt)
National_Democratic_Party_(Egypt)
ministers of Egypt. Each minister's name is followed by the date when he took office. Ministry of Finance Economy of Egypt Cabinet of Egypt "Former ministers"
List of ministers of finance of Egypt
List_of_ministers_of_finance_of_Egypt
Parliamentary life in Egypt has been a mark of Egyptian civilizations along its history. In modern Egypt, parliamentary life started as early as 1824 while
History of the Egyptian parliament
History_of_the_Egyptian_parliament
Egyptian Field marshal and former statesman (1935–2021)
the Supreme Constitutional Court, Farouk Sultan, dissolved the Egyptian parliament, oversaw the referendum over temporary constitutional amendments which
Muhammad_Hussein_Tantawy
President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011
Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 until his resignation in 2011, following the Egyptian revolution
Hosni_Mubarak
Form of government
Majority vote decides who becomes president. Esengeldiev, Almaz. "Kyrgyzstan's 2016 Constitutional Referendum". Freedom House. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
Parliamentary_republic
Concept in political philosophy
government. To consent, a necessary condition is that the rules be constitutional in that sense. The theory of a tacit social contract holds that by remaining
Social_contract
1962–1970 conflict
forces were also involved. Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser supported the republicans with as many as 70,000 Egyptian troops and weapons. Despite
North_Yemen_civil_war
Head of government
Government" and Minister-President of Egypt, is the head of the Egyptian government. A direct translation of the Egyptian Arabic-language title is "President
Prime_Minister_of_Egypt
Speaker of the Shura Council of Egypt was the presiding officer of that body. From the creation of the Shura Council in 1980 until its abolition in 2014,
List of speakers of the Senate (Egypt)
List_of_speakers_of_the_Senate_(Egypt)
Fundamental principles that govern a state
governed Constitutional amendment Constitutional court Constitutional crisis Constitutional documents Constitutional economics Constitutional interpretation
Constitution
Military overthrow of King Farouk
the Sudan, invaded East Africa, and led Egypt during both the First Egyptian–Ottoman War and the Second Egyptian–Ottoman War, triggering the Oriental Crisis
Egyptian_revolution_of_1952
Country in Northeast Africa
attempted an invasion of Egypt in 1889, but British-led Egyptian troops defeated the Ansar at Tushkah. The failure of the Egyptian invasion broke the spell
Sudan
Head of state
required at the time the referendum was held. The Constitutional Court did not give a verdict on the validation of the referendum at the time, citing irregularities
President_of_Romania
1585) Kingdom of Sweden (970–1866; became constitutional monarchy) Ma-i (Before AD 971-1339) Sultanate of Egypt (972–1517; became subnational monarchy of
List_of_monarchies
European Republican Movements 2008 Tuvaluan constitutional referendum 2009 Vincentian constitutional referendum Criticism of monarchy Democratization List
Abolition_of_monarchy
Idea that the people are the source of all power
America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War (Cambridge University Press, 2008) at p. 290, 400. ISBN 978-0-521-88188-3 Lutz 1980, p. 38 On
Popular_sovereignty
List of self-declared socialist states
Constitution de la République démocratique malgache. "Madagascar: 1975 Constitutional referendum". EISA. Retrieved 20 January 2020. Lange, Marie-France (1999)
List of non-communist socialist states
List_of_non-communist_socialist_states
Chief executive body of the Republic of Egypt
The Cabinet of Egypt (Egyptian Arabic: مجلس وزراء مصر) is the chief executive body of the Arab Republic of Egypt. It consists of the prime minister and
Cabinet_of_Egypt
Head of state and government of Chile
in the 1988 plebiscite. Then, in the transition to democracy the 1989 referendum established a first transitional four-year presidential term (1990–1994)
President_of_Chile
on 28 November 2017 and was composed by Egyptian composer Rageh Daoud. In March 2017, following a referendum to amend the Constitution of July 1991, the
National_anthem_of_Mauritania
1974 Greek transition to democracy
Democracy party, which won the elections of 1974 by a landslide. Following a referendum in late July 1973 that ratified the Greek Constitution of 1973 by a large
Metapolitefsi
Month of 1980
1980 January February March April May June July August September October November December The following events took place in May 1980: The first U.S.
May_1980
Type of administrative division similar to a province or state
when all gained independence, except for Djibouti, which voted in a referendum to remain part of France as an overseas department: Tunisia (1954) Togolese
Autonomous_republic
British theologian and former co-leader of the Green Party of England and Wales
following the 2010 general election, the two parties agreed to an AV referendum on changing the method of electing MPs in subsequent general elections
Jonathan_Bartley
Movement to end constitutional monarchy in Canada
the Crown in Canada, the ethno-cultural groups not wanting to push constitutional change over a matter they had little concern for. Instead, until the
Republicanism_in_Canada
Country in West Asia
decisions process. The council was formed during the 1989 Iranian constitutional referendum for the protection and support of national interests, the revolution
Iran
Prime Minister of Italy from 2014 to 2016
small taxes. After the rejection of his constitutional reform in the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum, Renzi formally resigned as prime minister
Matteo_Renzi
Movement to abolish the country's monarchy
monarchy and replace it with a republic. Currently, the Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy with the King as the head of state and the Prime Minister as
Republicanism in the Netherlands
Republicanism_in_the_Netherlands
Poll of voters taken after they exit polling stations
in place. In Egypt, the Egyptian Center for Public Opinion Research conducted two exit polls in 2014 for the constitutional referendum and presidential
Exit_poll
President of Egypt since 2014
2013 Egyptian coup d'état, overthrowing Morsi on 3 July 2013. Demonstrations and sit-ins organized by supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood and Egyptian democracy
Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi
1987 political events in Fiji
Many authorities doubt the veracity of this, however, given existing constitutional guarantees. On the morning of 14 May, around 10 am, a section of ten
1987_Fijian_coups_d'état
Head of state and government
needed] The president may refer important policy matters to a national referendum, declare war, conclude peace and other treaties, appoint senior public
President_of_South_Korea
during Roman and Sasanian governance of Egypt, in which Egypt was directly ruled by appointed Governors. In Egyptian Arabic, the official term for Prime Minister
List of prime ministers of Egypt
List_of_prime_ministers_of_Egypt
Arab socialist and nationalist political ideology
Abdel Nasser, one of the two principal leaders of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and Egypt's second president. Spanning the domestic and international
Nasserism
on Decolonization 1933 Western Australian secession referendum 1977 Nevis independence referendum West Indies Associated States The name "Thirteen Colonies"
List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom
List_of_countries_that_have_gained_independence_from_the_United_Kingdom
provisions of their state's constitution while in office. Constitutionalism Constitutional economics Rule according to higher law Temporary Provisions against
List of heads of state and government who suspended the constitution
List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_who_suspended_the_constitution
adultery and amputation of a hand for theft. In 1980 Egypt supported a referendum that proposed a constitutional amendment to make Shari'a "the sole source
Islam_in_Egypt
(Turkish: Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi – TBMM) After the 2010 constitutional referendum, an investigation was started regarding the coup, and in June
1980_Turkish_coup_d'état
Iran under the Pahlavi dynasty from 1925 to 1979
Egypt, Mexico, the United States, and Panama, and finally resettled with his family in Egypt as a guest of Anwar Sadat. On his death on 27 July 1980,
Pahlavi_Iran
System of government
Semi-parliamentary system 2013–2018 de facto between 2014 and 2018, until the constitutional referendum to switch the government to presidential from parliamentary since
Semi-presidential_system
Failed coup attempt in Asia
Aliyev President of Azerbaijan Incumbent Presidency Domestic 2009 constitutional referendum Eurovision Song Contest 2012 Gulargate Launching of Azerspace-1/Africasat-1a
2025_Azerbaijani_coup_plot
Head of State of Algeria from 1965 to 1978
confirmed in office in a December referendum. At the time of his death, later that year, the political and constitutional order in Algeria was virtually
Houari_Boumédiène
English actress and politician (1936–2023)
though." In the 1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum, Jackson voted against Britain continuing in the European Economic Community
Glenda_Jackson
The Foreign relations of Egypt are the Egyptian government's external relations with the outside world. Egypt's foreign policy operates along a non-aligned
Foreign_relations_of_Egypt
1998–1999 military operation
Lesotho until the Lesotho Defence Force was able to carry out their constitutional duties. The last South African troops were pulled out in May 1999 after
South African intervention in Lesotho
South_African_intervention_in_Lesotho
June 2008 at the Wayback Machine Klitschko:UDAR won't join work of Constitutional Assembly, Kyiv Post (7 December 2012) Einstein, Albert; Nathan, Otto;
List of constituent assemblies
List_of_constituent_assemblies
English writer (1900–1984)
in Britain, 1914-1945: the defining of a faith . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980. ISBN 0198218826 (p. 229) Wyndham, Diana; Kirby, Michael. Foreword- (2012)
Ethel_Mannin
National Festival of several countries commemorating their establishment as republics
the Commonwealth of Nations. An institutional referendum (Italian: referendum istituzionale, or referendum sulla forma istituzionale dello Stato) was held
Republic_Day
Overview of and topical guide to Puntland
government and would govern itself independently until constitutional amendments are approved by referendum. The region, a Federal Member State of Somalia, is
Outline_of_Puntland
Country in North Africa and Asia
al-ʿArabiyyah Adjectival(s): Egyptian Demonym(s): Egyptian(s) Etymology: Name of Egypt International rankings of Egypt ISO country codes: EG, EGY, 818
Outline_of_Egypt
Armed border clash between Iran and Iraq
Karsh, Efraim The Iran-Iraq War 1980–1988, London: Osprey, 2002 page 8 Karsh, Efraim (25 April 2002). The Iran–Iraq War: 1980–1988. Osprey Publishing. pp
1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab conflict
1974–1975_Shatt_al-Arab_conflict
British psephologist (born 1946)
Society of Arts.[citation needed] Don't Take No for an Answer: the 2011 referendum and the future of electoral reform (2011, with Lewis Baston) Electoral
Ken_Ritchie
monarchs either lost their thrones through deposition by a coup d'état, by a referendum which abolished their throne, or chose to abdicate during the 20th century
List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 20th century
List_of_monarchs_who_lost_their_thrones_in_the_20th_century
Iran. 1905: Constitutional Revolution of Iran. Persian Constitution of 1906 is enacted, transforming the Qajar dynasty into a constitutional monarchy.[citation
Timeline of the Iranian Revolution
Timeline_of_the_Iranian_Revolution
Ethnic and political conflict in Iran
During the Iran–Iraq War, which began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran in 1980 and continued until 1988, the Arab separatist movement in Khuzestan was highly
Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan
monarchy with a republic—typically favour an elected head of state to a constitutional monarch who heads the British royal family. Rhun ap Iorwerth, First
List_of_British_republicans
1987 South Korean pro-democracy movement
process of constitutional amendment began in earnest. On October 12 the constitutional bill was passed, and it was approved via a public referendum held on
June_Democratic_Struggle
English philosopher, author, and journalist
in Kent and was educated at the Harvey Grammar School, Folkestone, from 1980 until 1987. He later attended Reading University and gained a bachelor's
Julian_Baggini
Transnational Sunni Islamist organization
reversals by 2013. The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood was legalized in 2011 and won several elections, including the 2012 Egyptian presidential election,
Muslim_Brotherhood
abrogate the Janata Party government's Five-Year Plan in 1980 and launched the Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980–85). The government targeted an average growth of 5
Economic policy of the Indira Gandhi government
Economic_policy_of_the_Indira_Gandhi_government
Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, passed by referendum on 25 May 2018. For the previous constitutional provisions from 1983 to 2018, see the historical
Abortion in the Republic of Ireland
Abortion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland
History of governments with elected representatives
Articles of Confederation, 1776–1789) A crowned republic, is a form of constitutional monarchy where the monarch's role is commonly seen as largely ceremonial
List_of_republics
terrorist attacks have occurred in Kenya during the 20th and 21st centuries. In 1980, the Jewish-owned Norfolk hotel was attacked by the Palestine Liberation
Terrorism_in_Kenya
British political theorist (1929–2008)
College to fund projects by new writers that would have interested Orwell. In 1980, just before the book was published, a friend of Crick's, David Astor, agreed
Bernard_Crick
1736–1796 Iranian dynasty of Turkoman origin
Republic referendum 1979 Khuzestan insurgency Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981) December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum Iranian Embassy siege (1980) Nojeh
Afsharid_dynasty
Ugandan politician (1925–2005)
president. Due to a rift with Mutesa over the 1964 Ugandan lost counties referendum and later getting implicated in a gold smuggling scandal, Obote overthrew
Milton_Obote
Imposition of direct military control or suspension of civil law by a government
the State of Emergency as soon as order is restored in Egypt". Before martial law, the Egyptian parliament under the constitution had the civilian power
Martial_law
1974 self-coup in Upper Volta
the suspension of the Constitution, adopted following the 1970 constitutional referendum. He subsequently appointed himself as the new prime minister,
1974_Upper_Voltan_coup_d'état
Microstate in Central Europe
the Swiss franc. It is one of the few countries with no debt. A constitutional referendum in 2003 granted the monarch greater powers, including the power
Liechtenstein
Society becoming more democratic
movement. Italy became a republic after the 1946 Italian institutional referendum, held on 2 June, a day celebrated since as Festa della Repubblica. Italy
Democratization
Irish philosopher and political theorist
(1975) Judging justice: an introduction to contemporary political philosophy (1980) Rawls: 'A Theory of Justice' and its critics (1990) with Chandran Kukathas
Philip_Pettit
Law that constitutes the body politic of the United Kingdom
Ltd, whose assets were acquired by an Egyptian company after 1956. But the House of Lords held that the Egyptian company was not Anisminic Ltd's 'successor'
United Kingdom constitutional law
United_Kingdom_constitutional_law
Third sector of society, distinct from government and business
interrelationships between constitutional issues and functioning of the economy including budget process. The term "constitutional economics" was used by
Civil_society
Traditional Iranian female garment
which were also affected by their age and social standing. For example, Egyptian women in the years 1249–1251 AH (1833–1835 AD) wore black silk chadors
Chador
Canadian-American journalist and politician (1795–1861)
hired him to go to Albany, New York, and report on the New York State Constitutional Convention for the New-York Tribune. He continued to work for the Tribune
William_Lyon_Mackenzie
Ancient state in West Asia
militarily active advancing towards Syria and the upper Euphrates. The Egyptian pharaoh Necho II sent help to the Assyrian army that had entrenched itself
Median_kingdom
Independence of African colonies from European powers
and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. The Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936 reduced British involvement, but still was not welcomed by Egyptian nationalists, who
Decolonisation_of_Africa
Philosophical work by Plato around 375 BC
Contemporary Science Fiction" The Journal of Popular Culture xiv (2), 242–250. (1980) Digital object identifier The Matrix and Philosophy: Welcome to the Desert
Republic_(Plato)
1077–1260 Persianate Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin
Republic referendum 1979 Khuzestan insurgency Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981) December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum Iranian Embassy siege (1980) Nojeh
Anushtegin_dynasty
1964 overthrow of the Sultan of Zanzibar
was considered part of the British Empire. By 1964, the country was a constitutional monarchy ruled by Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah. Zanzibar had a population
Zanzibar_Revolution
1961–1991 conflict within Ethiopia
almost unanimously in favour of independence in the Eritrean independence referendum, with formal international recognition of an independent, sovereign Eritrea
Eritrean_War_of_Independence
Upper house of the National Diet of Japan
and constitutional amendment proposals need two-thirds majorities in both houses of the Diet to be submitted to the people in a national referendum. One
House_of_Councillors
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1980 EGYPTIAN-CONSTITUTIONAL-REFERENDUM
1980 EGYPTIAN-CONSTITUTIONAL-REFERENDUM
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian officer.
Female
Egyptian
, an Egyptian goddess.
Female
Egyptian
, the Egyptian Parcae.
Female
Egyptian
, an Egyptian goddess.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian officer.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian deity.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian scribe.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian gentleman.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian commander.
Female
Egyptian
, an Egyptian lady.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian overseer.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian architect.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian priest.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian officer.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian officer.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian officer.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian chief.
Female
Egyptian
, an Egyptian queen.
Female
Egyptian
, an Egyptian lady.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian scribe.
1980 EGYPTIAN-CONSTITUTIONAL-REFERENDUM
1980 EGYPTIAN-CONSTITUTIONAL-REFERENDUM
1980 EGYPTIAN-CONSTITUTIONAL-REFERENDUM
1980 EGYPTIAN-CONSTITUTIONAL-REFERENDUM
1980 EGYPTIAN-CONSTITUTIONAL-REFERENDUM
1980 EGYPTIAN-CONSTITUTIONAL-REFERENDUM
1980 EGYPTIAN-CONSTITUTIONAL-REFERENDUM
a.
Not constitutional; not according to, or consistent with, the terms of a constitution of government; contrary to the constitution; as, an unconstitutional law, or act of an officer.
a.
In accordance with, or authorized by, the constitution of a state or a society; as, constitutional reforms.
a.
Pertaining to Egypt, in Africa.
n.
An authoritative ordinance, regulation or enactment; especially, one made by a Roman emperor, or one affecting ecclesiastical doctrine or discipline; as, the constitutions of Justinian.
n.
A native, or one of the people, of Egypt; also, the Egyptian language.
n.
The Egyptian sacred baboon.
n. pl.
An Egyptian race thought to be descendants of the ancient Egyptians.
n.
The aggregate of all one's inherited physical qualities; the aggregate of the vital powers of an individual, with reference to ability to endure hardship, resist disease, etc.; as, a robust constitution.
a.
For the benefit or one's constitution or health; as, a constitutional walk.
adv.
In accordance with the constitution or natural disposition of the mind or body; naturally; as, he was constitutionally timid.
n.
The theory, principles, or authority of constitutional government; attachment or adherence to a constitution or constitutional government.
a.
Opposed to the constitution; unconstitutional.
a.
Belonging to, or inherent in, the constitution, or in the structure of body or mind; as, a constitutional infirmity; constitutional ardor or dullness.
a.
Pertaining to, or treating of, institutions; as, institutional legends.
adv.
In accordance with the constitution or fundamental law; legally; as, he was not constitutionally appointed.
n.
A gypsy.
a.
Relating to a constitution, or establishment form of government; as, a constitutional risis.
a.
Regulated by, dependent on, or secured by, a constitution; as, constitutional government; constitutional rights.
v. t.
To give an Egyptian character or appearance to.
n.
A walk or other exercise taken for one's health or constitution.
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