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MUQLA

  • Ibn Muqla
  • Abbasid-era Persian vizier and father of Islamic calligraphy

    Ibn Muqla (Arabic: ابن مقلة) was a polymath, calligrapher, vizier, and poet prominent in Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age. Born in 9th century Baghdad

    Ibn Muqla

    Ibn_Muqla

  • Al-Radi
  • 20th Abbasid Caliph (r. 934–940)

    Mu'nis and al-Muqtadir fell out in 927, Abu'l-Abbas and the vizier Ibn Muqla tried to mediate between his father and the powerful commander-in-chief

    Al-Radi

    Al-Radi

    Al-Radi

  • Mandaeism
  • Gnostic religion

    (named merely "Abu Ali") as Abu Ali Muhammad ibn Muqla, see p. 58. van Bladel 2017, p. 54. On Ibn Muqla's possible motivations for applying the Quranic epithet

    Mandaeism

    Mandaeism

    Mandaeism

  • Naskh (script)
  • Small, rounded script of Islamic calligraphy

    al-Malik ibn Marwan due to the presence of defects in the Kufic script. Ibn Muqla is credited with standardizing the "Six Pens" of Islamic calligraphy, also

    Naskh (script)

    Naskh (script)

    Naskh_(script)

  • People of the Book
  • Islamic term originally used to refer to Jews and Christians

    (named merely "Abu Ali") as Abu Ali Muhammad ibn Muqla, see p. 58. Van Bladel 2017, p. 54. On Ibn Muqla's possible motivations for applying the Quranic epithet

    People of the Book

    People_of_the_Book

  • Arabic calligraphy
  • Calligraphy using the Arabic script

    Naskh script precedes the Thuluth script and that it existed before Ibn Muqla al-Shirazi. One of the main usages for this script was for writing the Quran

    Arabic calligraphy

    Arabic calligraphy

    Arabic_calligraphy

  • Al-Fadl ibn Ja'far ibn al-Furat
  • 10th-century vizier of the Abbasid Caliphate

    succeed him, along with Ibn Muqla and al-Nayramani. However, as he was too identified with the Banu'l-Furat faction, Ibn Muqla became vizier. Fadl kept his

    Al-Fadl ibn Ja'far ibn al-Furat

    Al-Fadl_ibn_Ja'far_ibn_al-Furat

  • Muhaqqaq
  • Script variety of Arabic calligraphy

    Abbasid era to denote a specific writing style. Master calligraphers like Ibn Muqla and Ibn al-Bawwab contributed to the development of this and other scripts

    Muhaqqaq

    Muhaqqaq

  • Thuluth
  • Script variety of Arabic calligraphy

    form. Thuluth was invented by the polymath and master calligrapher Ibn Muqla during the Islamic Golden Age. Enormous contributions to the evolution of

    Thuluth

    Thuluth

    Thuluth

  • Al-Jahshiyari
  • 10th-century Abbasid official and scholar

    Muqla, a rival of Hamid's for the viziership, causing tensions with Hamid which may have been the reason he discontinued serving under him. Ibn Muqla

    Al-Jahshiyari

    Al-Jahshiyari

  • Mandaeans
  • Middle Eastern ethnoreligious group

    (named merely "Abu Ali") as Abu Ali Muhammad ibn Muqla, see p. 58. Van Bladel 2017, p. 54. On Ibn Muqla's possible motivations for applying the Quranic epithet

    Mandaeans

    Mandaeans

    Mandaeans

  • Islamic calligraphy
  • Artistic practice of calligraphy in Islamic contexts

    traced the two scripts as coexisting long before their codification by ibn Muqla, as the two served different purposes. Kufi was used primarily in decoration

    Islamic calligraphy

    Islamic calligraphy

    Islamic_calligraphy

  • Ali ibn Isa ibn al-Jarrah
  • 10th-century official of the Abbasid Caliphate

    Succeeded by Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat Preceded by Ahmad al-Khasibi Vizier of the Abbasid Caliphate 13 April 927 – 6 May 928 Succeeded by Ibn Muqla

    Ali ibn Isa ibn al-Jarrah

    Ali_ibn_Isa_ibn_al-Jarrah

  • Al-Qahir
  • 19th Abbasid Caliph (r. 932–934)

    drunkenness. Trying to counteract the influence of Mu'nis and of the vizier Ibn Muqla, who controlled government, and re-assert the power of his office, al-Qahir

    Al-Qahir

    Al-Qahir

    Al-Qahir

  • List of Abbasid caliphs
  • he executed later (833). Deposed, blinded and imprisoned by vizier Ibn Muqla after refusing to abdicate. Freed by al-Mustakfi eleven years later. Spent

    List of Abbasid caliphs

    List_of_Abbasid_caliphs

  • Muhammad ibn Ra'iq
  • 10th-century Abbasid senior official

    refused to send his province's revenue to Baghdad. The Caliph's vizier, Ibn Muqla, tried to restore central control, but his expedition against the Hamdanids

    Muhammad ibn Ra'iq

    Muhammad_ibn_Ra'iq

  • Qalam
  • Reed pen used for Islamic calligraphy

    contemporary calligraphers may use a wider variety of colors. Abu Ali Muhammad ibn Muqla, a Persian official of the Abbasid Caliphate, developed a standardized system

    Qalam

    Qalam

    Qalam

  • History of the Arabic alphabet
  • spread under the Abbasid Caliphate. In this period, Ibn al-Bawwab and Ibn Muqla had the most influence on the standardization of Arabic script. They were

    History of the Arabic alphabet

    History_of_the_Arabic_alphabet

  • Abu Abdallah al-Baridi
  • Prominent, wealthy Iraqi tax official

    to the patronage of the vizier Ibn Muqla. It was Abu Abdallah who, against a bribe of 20,000 dirhams to Ibn Muqla, secured the tax-farming contract for

    Abu Abdallah al-Baridi

    Abu_Abdallah_al-Baridi

  • History of the Quran
  • Ibn al-Bawwab (d. 1022), the master calligrapher who continued Muqla's tradition. Muqla's system became one of the most popular styles for transcribing

    History of the Quran

    History of the Quran

    History_of_the_Quran

  • Maghrebi script
  • Form of Arabic script

    script is a direct descendant of the old Kufic script that predated Ibn Muqla's al-khat al-mansub (الخَط المَنْسُوب proportioned line) standardization

    Maghrebi script

    Maghrebi script

    Maghrebi_script

  • Abbasid art
  • Arts of the Abbasid Caliphate from 750 to 10th century

    was introduced by Abbasid vizier and calligrapher Abu 'Ali Muhammad Ibn Muqla (866–940). He developed this proportional writing system around two shapes:

    Abbasid art

    Abbasid art

    Abbasid_art

  • Amir al-umara
  • Senior military position in the 10th-century Abbasid Caliphate

    of the treasury. Finally, in November 936, the failure of the vizier Ibn Muqla to control the provincial governors and confront the disastrous financial

    Amir al-umara

    Amir_al-umara

  • Ahmed ibn Qassim ar-Rifa'i ar-Ribati
  • Moroccan calligrapher

    calligraphy had undergone standardization and reform in the Mashriq under Ibn Muqla and Ibn al-Bawwab, it hadn't done so in the Maghreb. ar-Ribati wrote Stringing

    Ahmed ibn Qassim ar-Rifa'i ar-Ribati

    Ahmed_ibn_Qassim_ar-Rifa'i_ar-Ribati

  • Islamic ornament
  • Decorative forms and patterns in Islamic art and architecture

    decoration. In the 10th century, a new approach to writing emerged. Ibn Muqla is known as the originator of the khatt al-mansub, or proportioned script

    Islamic ornament

    Islamic ornament

    Islamic_ornament

  • Muhammad ibn Yaqut
  • Abbasid Caliphate official

    commander-in-chief of the army, thus rising in power above even the vizier Ibn Muqla, and becoming the de facto ruler of the state. From this position, he headed

    Muhammad ibn Yaqut

    Muhammad_ibn_Yaqut

  • 936
  • Calendar year

    Fatimids to retreat from Egypt to their base at Cyrenaica. Summer – Ibn Muqla, an Abbasid official and vizier, is disgraced after his failed campaign

    936

    936

    936

  • List of Persian calligraphers
  • (1256–1340) Alaeddin Tabrizi (16th-century) Baysunghur Mirza (1397–1433) Ibn Muqla (880s–940) Jafar Tabrizi (fl. 1412–1433) Marjan Kateb Islami (17th-century)

    List of Persian calligraphers

    List_of_Persian_calligraphers

  • 885
  • Calendar year

    Onshi, empress of Japan (d. 954) Gao Xingzhou, Chinese general (d. 952) Ibn Muqla, Muslim official and vizier (or 886) Reccared, Galician clergyman (d. 923)

    885

    885

    885

  • Al-Muttaqi
  • Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad (r. 940–944)

    between Tuzun and the Baridis was not welcomed: the vizier Abu'l-Husayn ibn Muqla distrusted both Tuzun and especially Ibn Shirzad. Fearing for his own position

    Al-Muttaqi

    Al-Muttaqi

    Al-Muttaqi

  • 940
  • Calendar year

    Wuyue (b. 925) July 4 – Wang Jianli, Chinese general (b. 871) July 20 – Ibn Muqla, Abbasid vizier and calligrapher August 5 – Li Decheng, Chinese general

    940

    940

    940

  • Basuna Mosque
  • Mosque in Sohag, Egypt

    script. This style of calligraphy was invented by the Abbasid vizier Ibn Muqla in the 3rd century of the Hijra. The twist, counterclockwise, mirrors the

    Basuna Mosque

    Basuna Mosque

    Basuna_Mosque

  • 2006 AFC Cup
  • 3rd secondary club football tournament organized by the

    Al Ahed 0–2 Al-Muharraq Abdul Razzaq 45' Al-Muqla 90'

    2006 AFC Cup

    2006_AFC_Cup

  • Bajkam
  • Turkish military commander (d. 941)

    governorship of Wasit to the Baridis, and through the former vizier Ibn Muqla, who wished to avenge himself on Ibn Ra'iq for his own downfall and confiscation

    Bajkam

    Bajkam

    Bajkam

  • Yaqut al-Musta'simi
  • Calligrapher, Secretary of Al-Musta'sim

    been revealed and taught to the scribe in a vision. He improved on Ibn Muqla's style by replacing the straight cut reed pen with an oblique cut, which

    Yaqut al-Musta'simi

    Yaqut al-Musta'simi

    Yaqut_al-Musta'simi

  • Ibn Shirzad
  • Amir al-umara of Abbasid caliph (945)

    governor of Baghdad, Muhammad al-Tarjuman, and the vizier, Abu'l-Hasan ibn Muqla, portrayed it as part of a plot with the Baridis, directed against Caliph

    Ibn Shirzad

    Ibn_Shirzad

  • Nasir al-Dawla
  • Emir of Mosul from 935 to 967

    its ruler. Finally, after defeating caliphal forces under the vizier Ibn Muqla and the Banu Habib, his rivals among the Taghlib, in late 935 the caliph

    Nasir al-Dawla

    Nasir al-Dawla

    Nasir_al-Dawla

  • Tuzun (amir al-umara)
  • Amir al-umara of Abbasid caliph (943–945)

    between Tuzun and the Baridis was not welcomed: the vizier Abu'l-Husayn ibn Muqla distrusted both Tuzun and especially Ibn Shirzad. Fearing for his own position

    Tuzun (amir al-umara)

    Tuzun_(amir_al-umara)

  • List of Iraqi artists
  • 1965), poet Ghassan Muhsen (born 1945), artist, painter and ambassador Ibn Muqla (885/6–940), 10th-century calligrapher Yuhana Nashmi, Mandaean visual artist

    List of Iraqi artists

    List_of_Iraqi_artists

  • Abas I of Armenia
  • King of Bagratid Armenia from 928 to 953

    al-Hamdani, having been subjected to an attack by the caliph's vizier Ibn Muqla, took refuge in the Andzevatsik canton. At that time, the "kings of Armenia"

    Abas I of Armenia

    Abas I of Armenia

    Abas_I_of_Armenia

  • 880s
  • Decade

    Onshi, empress of Japan (d. 954) Gao Xingzhou, Chinese general (d. 952) Ibn Muqla, Muslim official and vizier (or 886) Reccared, Galician clergyman (d. 923)

    880s

    880s

  • 940s
  • Decade

    Wuyue (b. 925) July 4 – Wang Jianli, Chinese general (b. 871) July 20 – Ibn Muqla, Abbasid vizier and calligrapher August 5 – Li Decheng, Chinese general

    940s

    940s

  • 930s
  • Decade

    Fatimids to retreat from Egypt to their base at Cyrenaica. Summer – Ibn Muqla, an Abbasid official and vizier, is disgraced after his failed campaign

    930s

    930s

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