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Standard of Object Management Group
XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) is an Object Management Group (OMG) standard for exchanging metadata information via Extensible Markup Language (XML)
XML_Metadata_Interchange
ISO standard
Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) is an ISO standard, originally created by Adobe Systems Inc., for the creation, processing and interchange of standardized
Extensible_Metadata_Platform
Central location to store metadata
model transformation framework XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) – Standard of Object Management Group Kendall, Aaron. "Metadata-Driven Design: Designing a Flexible
Metadata_registry
Metadata format used in digital files
The Information Interchange Model (IIM) is a file structure and set of metadata attributes that can be applied to text, images and other media types.
IPTC Information Interchange Model
IPTC_Information_Interchange_Model
Project of Eclipse Foundation
structured data model. From a model specification described in XML Metadata Interchange (XMI), EMF provides tools and runtime support to produce a set
Eclipse_Modeling_Framework
access and exchange UML models. More recent alternatives include XML Metadata Interchange and OMG's Diagram Definition standard. UMLet is an application
UXF
Data-interchange format
However, an XML attribute can only have a single value and each attribute can appear at most once on each element. XML separates data from metadata (via the
JSON
Standards developing organization
eCRF item values and references both Metadata and Admin data. Define-XML supports the interchange of dataset metadata for clinical research applications
Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium
Clinical_Data_Interchange_Standards_Consortium
General-purpose modeling language
0 profile, SysML models are designed to be exchanged using the XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) standard. In addition, architectural alignment work is underway
Systems_modeling_language
Standard of Object Management Group
Kermeta KM3 Metamodeling Metadata Model-driven architecture OGML Platform-specific model QVT SPEM XML Metadata Interchange "OMG Meta-Object Facility
Meta-Object_Facility
XML file format
(Requirements Interchange Format) is an XML file format that can be used to exchange requirements, along with its associated metadata, between software
Requirements Interchange Format
Requirements_Interchange_Format
Language (OWL) - used by metadata search engines such as Swoogle XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) - OMG standard for exchanging metadata Common Warehouse Metamodel
Metadata_publishing
Data and Metadata. SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics List of XML markup languages XML Schema Language Comparison XML transformation language XML pipeline
List_of_types_of_XML_schemas
Software design modeling notation
and intents. UML models can be exchanged among UML tools via the XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) format. As with database Chen, Bachman, and ISO ER diagrams
Unified_Modeling_Language
Data management process
M.; Reynolds, R.; Izurieta, C. (2009). "Comparison of JSON and XML Data Interchange Formats: A Case Study". Scenario: 157–162. Lewis, J.; Moscovitz,
Data_exchange
Consortium of news agencies
required by the customer, and that reduce programming costs by re-using XML and metadata modules. Further the NewsML-G2-Standards extend the scope of exchange
International Press Telecommunications Council
International_Press_Telecommunications_Council
of notable XML markup languages. Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AdsML Markup language used for interchange of data between
List_of_XML_markup_languages
Topics referred to by the same term
Miarrã language (ISO 639:xmi language code) XML Metadata Interchange, a standard for exchanging metadata information XMI, an ETF operated by Blackrock
XMI
Common vocabulary and structure for government information exchange
they were defined. Metadata, or data about data, defines information that supports the actual content of XML instances. The metadata feature provides a
NIEMOpen
Specification for modeling in data warehouse
Facility, an OMG metamodeling and metadata repository standard XMI – XML Metadata Interchange, an OMG metadata interchange standard CWM models enable users
Common_warehouse_metamodel
Microsoft Windows desktop.ini file containing folder metadata) JNLP – Java Network Launching Protocol, an XML file used by Java Web Start for starting Java applets
List_of_file_formats
Data about other data
in the other. Metadata can be stored in either human-readable or binary form. Storing metadata in a human-readable format such as XML can be useful because
Metadata
Concept in data management
schemas use Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) or XML to specify their syntax. Metadata schemas that are developed and maintained by standard organizations
Metadata_standard
full complexity. XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) is the format for UML model interchange. XMI does not support UML Diagram Interchange, which allows the
UML_tool
Declarative language
Markup Language (XML) trees while OCL makes it possible to navigate MOF-based models and meta-models (i.e. XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) trees). In other
Object_Constraint_Language
XML metadata specification
Industry Standard Metadata (PRISM) for the Internet, computing, and computer science, is a specification that defines a set of XML metadata vocabularies for
Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata
Publishing_Requirements_for_Industry_Standard_Metadata
Academic community concerned with text encoding
repository and a toolchain. The TEI Guidelines collectively define a type of XML format, and are the defining output of the community of practice. The format
Text_Encoding_Initiative
Meta Object Facility (MOF) ISO/IEC 19503 Information technology – XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) ISO/IEC 19505 Information technology - Object Management
List of ISO standards 18000–19999
List_of_ISO_standards_18000–19999
File format used to present documents
support was added for Metadata Streams, using the Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) to add XML standards-based extensible metadata as used in other file
Markup language and file format
additional XML schema (XSD) defines the necessary metadata for interpreting and validating XML. (This is also referred to as the canonical schema.) An XML document
XML
XMI stands for "XML Metadata Interchange". XMI files can be opened by most UML editors, including free ones. See XML Metadata Interchange for more information
Open_Control_Architecture
format, a literate programming XML format developed by the Text Encoding Initiative. MEI is often used for music metadata catalogs, critical editing (particularly
Music_Encoding_Initiative
E-book format
application/oebps-package+xml. The metadata element contains all the metadata information for a particular EPUB file. Three metadata tags are required (though
EPUB
Family of open GPS file formats
GPS Exchange Format (GPX) is an XML schema designed as a common GPS data format for software applications. It can be used to describe waypoints, tracks
GPS_Exchange_Format
a de facto standard for archiving and interchange of scientific open-access journals and its contents with XML. With the NISO standardization the NLM
Journal_Article_Tag_Suite
Model of a software or business system
analysis and design (OOAD) Visual Automated model Transformations VIATRA XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) Oquendo, Flavio (2004). Software Architecture. p. 76.
Platform-specific_model
Sound metadata standard for Broadcast Wave Format
iXML is an open standard for the inclusion of location sound metadata in Broadcast Wave audio files, video files and also IP video and audio streams. This
IXML
Structure of information stored on a computer
combination of audio and video, with or without text (such as subtitles), and metadata. A text file can contain any stream of characters, including possible control
File_format
Type of data model
infrastructure that has to be developed in terms of metadata tables and application-framework code. Using XML solves the problem of server-based data validation
Entity–attribute–value_model
ISO/IEC standard for embedding metadata in JPEG file formats
including XML, JSON, CBOR, embedded files, codestreams, and UUID-typed boxes. It also defines the syntax to reference or request embedded metadata content
JUMBF
Software design approach
Unified Modeling Language (UML), the Meta-Object Facility (MOF), XML Metadata Interchange (XMI), Enterprise Distributed Object Computing (EDOC), the Software
Model-driven_architecture
Standardized means of organizing and storing digital images
losslessly compressed, using the WebP Lossless Format. Metadata – An image may have metadata stored in EXIF or XMP formats. Transparency – An image may
Image_file_format
Text format for tabular data using a comma between fields
formal semantics, publicized the first drafts of recommendations for CSV metadata standards, which began as recommendations in December of the same year
Comma-separated_values
Software
image, audio, video, and PDF metadata. As such, ExifTool classes as a tag editor. ExifTool can also be used as a metadata removal tool for supported file
ExifTool
Extension of the Web to facilitate data exchange
language for semantic web data sources. RIF is the W3C Rule Interchange Format. It is an XML language for expressing Web rules that computers can execute
Semantic_Web
XML-based file format
previously referred to as Distribution Format Exchange Profile (DFXP), is an XML-based W3C standard for timed text in online media and was designed to be
Timed_Text_Markup_Language
Specification on publishing technical information
data items, called data modules (DM), which are structured with XML elements and metadata. Each DM is self-contained and may be used wherever that piece
S1000D
News Industry Text Format (NITF) is an XML specification designed to standardize the content and structure of individual text news articles. The NITF
News_Industry_Text_Format
XML-based markup language for multimedia presentations
(/smaɪl/)) is a World Wide Web Consortium recommended Extensible Markup Language (XML) markup language to describe multimedia presentations. It defines markup
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
Synchronized_Multimedia_Integration_Language
XML grammar for geographical features
The Geography Markup Language (GML) is the XML grammar defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) to express geographical features. GML serves as
Geography_Markup_Language
Framework for a family of logic languages
dialects, the Common Logic Interchange Format (CLIF) (Annex A), the Conceptual Graph Interchange Format (CGIF) (Annex B), and an XML-based notation for Common
Common_Logic
IDL, Pascal/Delphi, Ada, Python, Java; import XMI, RoseMDL KDE XML Metadata Interchange file format support. Generates code for various languages, including:
List of Unified Modeling Language tools
List_of_Unified_Modeling_Language_tools
Process of linking data objects in distinct models
wrangling Identity transform ISO/IEC 11179 - The ISO/IEC Metadata registry standard Metadata Metadata publishing Schema matching Semantic heterogeneity Semantic
Data_mapping
Standard for electronic data interchange between financial institutions
20022 is an ISO standard for electronic data interchange between financial institutions. It describes a metadata repository containing descriptions of messages
ISO_20022
International standards organization
Framework (RDF), family of metadata standards and associated serialization formats N-Triples and N-Quads RDF Schema RDF/XML TriG Turtle SAWSDL Semantic
World_Wide_Web_Consortium
String used to identify a name of a web or internet resource
in XML 1.0 (Third Edition)". World Wide Web Consortium. 2.2 Use of URIs as Namespace Names. Retrieved 2015-08-31. Harold, Elliotte Rusty (2004). XML 1
Uniform_Resource_Identifier
Standard for describing objects for additive manufacturing
processes such as 3D printing. The official ISO/ASTM 52915:2016 standard is an XML-based format designed to allow any computer-aided design software to describe
Additive manufacturing file format
Additive_manufacturing_file_format
document file formats Office Open XML and OpenDocument Comparison of document markup languages Standardization of Office Open XML List of document markup languages
Comparison of Office Open XML and OpenDocument
Comparison_of_Office_Open_XML_and_OpenDocument
Markup language for documents
application/xhtml+xml or application/xml MIME type). When delivered as XHTML, browsers should use an XML parser, which adheres strictly to the XML specifications
HTML
Repository of freely accessible biomedical journal articles
are indexed and formatted for enhanced metadata, medical ontology, and unique identifiers which enrich the XML structured data for each article. Content
PubMed_Central
Transport language
Scientific Interchange Language) is an XML-based transport language for scientific data, supporting the inclusion of both in-file data and metadata. The language
XSIL
Joint initiative for structuring official documents
some instruments, such as URN LEX and the use of XML formatting standards and the exchange of its metadata. One of the initial goals of the initiative, later
LexML
Conceptual framework for describing items in art databases
Computer Interchange of Museum Information's Cultural Heritage Information Online project and Museum Loan Network Directory. CDWA Lite is an XML schema
Categories for the Description of Works of Art
Categories_for_the_Description_of_Works_of_Art
File format for video post-production and authoring
relationships to be described in terms of an object model. Facilitates the interchange of metadata and/or program content. Provides a way to track the history of
Advanced_Authoring_Format
Codec framework in Windows Vista
File (Exif), PNG textual metadata, image file directory (IFD), IPTC Information Interchange Model (IPTC), and Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) formats
Windows_Imaging_Component
device independent (TeX) DocBook – XML-based standard to publish books Darwin Information Typing Architecture – adaptable XML-based format for technical documentation
List_of_open_file_formats
Tag editor for Microsoft Windows and Apple macOS
Mp3tag is a metadata tag editor that supports many popular audio file formats. It is freeware for Microsoft Windows, while it is a paid application for
Mp3tag
Creation of knowledge from structured and unstructured sources
extraction is the creation of knowledge from structured (relational databases, XML) and unstructured (text, documents, images) sources. The resulting knowledge
Knowledge_extraction
ASCII-compatible variable-width encoding of Unicode
recommends UTF-8 as the default encoding in XML and HTML (and not just using UTF-8, also declaring it in metadata), "even when all characters are in the ASCII
UTF-8
"Define-XML". Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium. 2012. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved March 12, 2014. Metadata Encoding
Data_definition_specification
XML-based source file format for digital fonts
UFOs are organized with XML-based Property List files in the main UFO file system directory, describing font-wide metadata, like font name and weight
Unified_Font_Object
List of file formats "CGIS-SAIF Canadian geomatics interchange standard: spatial archive and interchange format: formal definition (release 3.2)". British
List of filename extensions (S–Z)
List_of_filename_extensions_(S–Z)
Digital document technical standard
content) and metadata (such as bibliographic information and annotations). Specifically, as a common legal document standard for the interchange of legal
Akoma_Ntoso
Software for writing complex documents
Technology Corp. Adobe added SGML support, which was eventually adapted into XML support. In April 2004, Adobe stopped supporting FrameMaker for the Macintosh
Adobe_FrameMaker
of files and metadata from a submitter to a receiver. The primary technical components are: A high level folder structure (required) An XML "backbone" file
Electronic common technical document
Electronic_common_technical_document
Open-source artificial intelligence ecosystem
deep learning software Predictive Model Markup Language—an XML-based predictive model interchange format PicklingTools—an open-source collection of tools
Open_Neural_Network_Exchange
is defined by XSD (XML Schema) and XMI (XML for Metadata Interchange), a specification for transformation of OMG metamodels to XML. Pursuant to the OMG's
Business Process Definition Metamodel
Business_Process_Definition_Metamodel
Specification for assessment contents and results representation
together with an XML data binding that essentially defines a language for interchanging questions and other assessment material. The XML binding is used
QTI
Although superseded in the early 1990s by IPTC Information Interchange Model and later by the XML-based News Industry Text Format, 7901's huge existing user
IPTC_7901
Family of lossless-compression image file formats
translations marked with language tag. The Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) uses this chunk with a keyword 'XML:com.adobe.xmp' pHYs holds the intended pixel
PNG
Format for the exchange of basic primary color grading information
subsequent viewing. The ASC has defined an XML schema for exchanging ASC CDL data, along with other metadata about what image(s) the color corrections
ASC_CDL
XML vocabulary
The Registry Interchange Format - Collections and Services (RIF-CS) is an XML vocabulary for representing metadata about data collections and related
RIF-CS
Identifier for file formats
providing the media type is Content-Type. The W3C has used ContentType as an XML data-type name for a media type. XDG specifications implemented by Linux
Media_type
Standard for encoding archival record information
and searchable. Encoded Archival Context (EAC) Metadata Metadata standards Extensible Markup Language (XML) ISAD(G) Records in Contexts Describing Archives:
Encoded_Archival_Description
Procedure in computing
(computing) Electronic data interchange (EDI) Enterprise architecture Legal Electronic Data Exchange Standard (LEDES) Metadata discovery Online analytical
Extract,_transform,_load
Type of information display
databases (which themselves come in a large number of varieties), text files, XML files, spreadsheets and a variety of proprietary storage methods, each with
Enterprise information integration
Enterprise_information_integration
Image compression standard and coding system
chooses a different route, encoding the same metadata in XML form. The reference between the Exif tags and the XML elements is standardized by the ISO TC42
JPEG_2000
History of the computer file format
creation of a simplified version of Adobe's PostScript format called Interchange PostScript (IPS). Unlike traditional PostScript, which was tightly focused
History_of_PDF
Standard for e-learning
Format XML file based on the AICC specifications to describe content structure, but lacked a robust packaging manifest and support for metadata. Quickly
Sharable Content Object Reference Model
Sharable_Content_Object_Reference_Model
Open-source repository system
containers that aggregate mime-typed datastreams (e.g., digital images, XML files, metadata). Out-of-the-box Fedora includes the necessary software tools to
Fedora_Commons
Knowledge representation language
speaking, CIDOC CRM lends itself to software applications that extensively use XML and RDF. Many cultural heritage institutions are investigating or building
CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model
CIDOC_Conceptual_Reference_Model
Object Management Group specification
OWL and RDF were initially defined to provide an XML-based machine to machine interchange of metadata and semantics. ODM now integrates these into visual
Ontology_Definition_MetaModel
Implementation of information technology management
user's needs XML (Extensible Markup Language): Enables the standardized, cross-platform description of interfaces, structures, metadata, and documents
Enterprise_content_management
Standard for encoding geographical information
formats are text files that can be read by humans (such as those based on XML or JSON), especially those intended for data exchange, while others are binary
GIS_file_format
Document file format developed by Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation from 1987 until 2008 for cross-platform document interchange with Microsoft products. Prior to 2008, Microsoft published updated specifications
Rich_Text_Format
Business document open library
Originally tracing it origins back to the EDI standards and other derived XML standards, UBL has evolved to include a broader range of syntaxes such as
Universal_Business_Language
Standard for the interchange of digital audio projects
AES31 is a standard developed by the Audio Engineering Society for the interchange of digital audio projects between different systems. The primary purpose
AES31
description and processing languages – Regular Language Description for XML (RELAX) ISO/IEC TR 22250-1:2002 RELAX Core ISO 22266 Mechanical vibration
List of ISO standards 22000–23999
List_of_ISO_standards_22000–23999
24800-4:2010 Part 4: File format for metadata embedded in image data (JPEG and JPEG 2000) ISO/IEC 24800-5:2011 Part 5: Data interchange format between image repositories
List of ISO standards 24000–25999
List_of_ISO_standards_24000–25999
Video editing software by Apple
introduced a redesigned interface with Magnetic Timeline 2, support for iXML metadata when importing audio, significantly improved audio editing, support for
Final_Cut_Pro
XML METADATA-INTERCHANGE
XML METADATA-INTERCHANGE
Surname or Lastname
Jewish (American)
Jewish (American) : Americanized form of Blumfeld, an ornamental compound of Yiddish blum ‘flower’ + feld ‘field’.English : variant of the Norman habitational name Blundeville, from Blonville-sur-Mer in Calvados, France. The first element is probably an Old Norse personal name; the second is Old French ville ‘settlement’. In the 16th and 17th centuries in England, the endings -field and -ville were often used interchangeably; one branch of the Blundeville family continued using the -ville spelling while another chose Blom(e)field or Bloomfield.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Argentina, Gujarati, Indian
Gentle and Tolerant
Surname or Lastname
Scottish and English
Scottish and English : from Middle English blak(e) ‘black’ (Old English blæc, blaca), a nickname given from the earliest times to a swarthy or dark-haired man.Scottish and English : from Old English blÄc ‘pale’, ‘fair’, i.e. precisely the opposite meaning to 1, and a variant of Blake 2. Blake and Black are found more or less interchangeably in several surnames and place names.English : variant of Blanc as a Norman name. The pronunciation of the nasalized vowel gave considerable difficulty to English speakers, and its quality was often ignored.Scottish and Irish : translation of various names from Gaelic dubh ‘black’ (see Duff).Danish and Swedish : generally, probably the English and Scottish name, but in some cases perhaps a variant spelling of Blak, a nickname from blak ‘black’.In some cases, a translation of various names meaning ‘black’, for example German and Jewish Schwarz.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Brewster.English : occupational name for an embroiderer, Middle English broudestere (from Old French brouder ‘to embroider’, of Germanic origin). The suffix -ster(e) was originally feminine, but by the Middle English period was being used interchangeably for both men and women in words like Brewster and Baxter, and in some regions such as East Anglia was the standard occupational suffix for men as well as women. Nevertheless, there is no evidence that men did very much embroidery.Swiss German : variant of Brust 2, the suffix -er denoting an inhabitant.
Surname or Lastname
English and North German
English and North German : metonymic occupational name for a plasterer, from Middle English, Middle Low German plaster (from Latin emplastrum ‘(wound) plaster’ (originally a paste), from Greek emplastron, a derivative of emplassein ‘to shape or form’; the term was carried over into building terminology to mean ‘bonding agent’).English : habitational name from any of various places called Plaistow (in East London, Derbyshire, Sussex, and elsewhere), from Old English plegestÅw ‘place where people gather for sport or play’. This can also be a variant of Plaisted (through interchangeable use of the Old English elements stÅw and stede, both meaning ‘place’, in earlier times).German and Ashkenazic Jewish (Pflaster) : from Middle High German pflaster (German Pflaster, from Latin plastrum) ‘street pavement’, ‘pavement’, cognate with 1.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a habitational name from Burnworthy in Devon, which is named with the Old English personal name Beorna + Old English worð or worðig ‘enclosure’; the interchange between worth and worthy is common in Middle English names in the southwest. The surname has died out in the British Isles.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of the habitational name Marston. The two forms seem to have been used interchangeably.French : habitational name from places so called in Marne and Meuse, or from Marçon in Sarthe.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Lancashire and Cheshire)
English (mainly Lancashire and Cheshire) : unexplained.Probably an altered form of German Dornig, which is probably a nickname for someone with a sharp tongue, from an adjectival derivative of Middle High German, Middle Low German dorn ‘thorn’. The suffixes -ig and -ing were often interchanged in Pennsylvania German and elsewhere. The name may also refer to a sloe bush.
XML METADATA-INTERCHANGE
XML METADATA-INTERCHANGE
Boy/Male
Persian
Prince.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Vimalya | விமாஂலà¯à®¯à®¾
Girl/Female
Arabic, French
Gazing
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Brook; Rivulet
Male
Polish
Polish form of Basque Xavier, KSAWERY means "a new house."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Lakin 2.
Boy/Male
Italian Teutonic
Rules the estate.
Male
English
English unisex name derived from Latin orare, ORA means "to pray." Compare with strictly feminine Ora.
Boy/Male
Welsh
From pembroke.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Singing Star
XML METADATA-INTERCHANGE
XML METADATA-INTERCHANGE
XML METADATA-INTERCHANGE
XML METADATA-INTERCHANGE
XML METADATA-INTERCHANGE
n.
The state or quality of being interchangeable; interchangeableness.
n.
The condition, quality, or relation of metameric substances, or their respective derivatives, which are more or less interchangeable, according as one form or the other is the more stable. It is a special case of metamerism; thus, the lactam and the lactim compounds exhibit tautomerism.
v. i.
To make an interchange; to alternate.
v.
Commerce, either by barter or by buying and selling; interchange of goods and commodities; trade.
n.
Regular change or succession from one thing to another; alternation; mutual succession; interchange.
n.
An animal, probably the hippopotamus, described in Job xl. 15-24.
a.
Following each other in alternate succession; as, the four interchangeable seasons.
imp. & p. p.
of Interchange
v. t.
To cause to follow alternately; to intermingle; to vary; as, to interchange cares with pleasures.
v. t.
To put each in the place of the other; to give and take mutually; to exchange; to reciprocate; as, to interchange places; they interchanged friendly offices and services.
n.
The act of mutually changing; the act of mutually giving and receiving; exchange; as, the interchange of civilities between two persons.
n. pl.
A group of fresh-water turtles in which the neck can not be retracted, but is bent to one side, for protection. The matamata is an example.
n.
The bearded tortoise (Chelys fimbriata) of South American rivers.
n.
The letter z; -- formerly so called. J () J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. It is a later variant form of the Roman letter I, used to express a consonantal sound, that is, originally, the sound of English y in yet. The forms J and I have, until a recent time, been classed together, and they have been used interchangeably.
n.
One of two or more words (commonly words of the same language) which are equivalents of each other; one of two or more words which have very nearly the same signification, and therefore may often be used interchangeably. See under Synonymous.
n.
A symbol expressing forty units; as, 40, or xl.
n.
To utter words; esp., to converse familiarly; to speak, as in familiar discourse, when two or more persons interchange thoughts.
prep.
On; -- used in all the senses of that word, with which it is interchangeable.
n.
Same as Tsetse. U () the twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, is a cursive form of the letter V, with which it was formerly used interchangeably, both letters being then used both as vowels and consonants. U and V are now, however, differentiated, U being used only as a vowel or semivowel, and V only as a consonant. The true primary vowel sound of U, in Anglo-Saxon, was the sound which it still retains in most of the languages of Europe, that of long oo, as in tool, and short oo, as in wood, answering to the French ou in tour. Etymologically U is most closely related to o, y (vowel), w, and v; as in two, duet, dyad, twice; top, tuft; sop, sup; auspice, aviary. See V, also O and Y.