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A tree stack automaton (plural: tree stack automata) is a formalism considered in automata theory. It is a finite-state automaton with the additional
Tree_stack_automaton
Type of automaton
of theoretical computer science, a pushdown automaton (PDA) is a type of automaton that employs a stack. Pushdown automata are used in theories about
Pushdown_automaton
Data structure representing a finite set of strings
In computer science, a deterministic acyclic finite state automaton (DAFSA), is a data structure that represents a set of strings, and allows for a query
Deterministic acyclic finite state automaton
Deterministic_acyclic_finite_state_automaton
Finite-state machine
automaton (DFA)—also known as deterministic finite acceptor (DFA), deterministic finite-state machine (DFSM), or deterministic finite-state automaton
Deterministic finite automaton
Deterministic_finite_automaton
State machine for tree structures
A tree automaton is a type of state machine. Tree automata deal with tree structures, rather than the strings of more conventional state machines. The
Tree_automaton
Lemma that defines a property of regular languages
cannot be balanced. For every regular language there is a finite-state automaton (FSA) that accepts the language. The number of states in such an FSA are
Pumping lemma for regular languages
Pumping_lemma_for_regular_languages
grammar-parsing pushdown automaton, but instead of using a plain stack to store symbols, it has a stack of iterated stacks that store symbols, giving
Embedded_pushdown_automaton
Type of a context-free grammar
Decider Linear-bounded PTIME Turing Machine Nested stack Thread automaton restricted Tree stack automaton Embedded pushdown Nondeterministic pushdown Deterministic
LL_grammar
Study of abstract machines and automata
of the automaton. Such an automaton is called a tree automaton. Infinite tree input : The two extensions above can be combined, so the automaton reads
Automata_theory
Type of pumping lemma
given language is context-free, it is sufficient to construct a pushdown automaton that accepts it. Kreowski 1979. Berstel et al. 2009. Scheinberg 1960,
Pumping lemma for context-free languages
Pumping_lemma_for_context-free_languages
Automated methods for the creation of mazes
cell, mark it as visited and push it to the stack While the stack is not empty Pop a cell from the stack and make it a current cell If the current cell
Maze_generation_algorithm
pebbles further increased power. A tree-walking automaton with nested pebbles is a tree-walking automaton with an additional finite set of fixed size containing
Pebble_automaton
Equivalently, it is a language recognised by a local automaton, a particular kind of deterministic finite automaton. Formally, a language L over an alphabet A is
Local language (formal language)
Local_language_(formal_language)
automata theory, a tagged deterministic finite automaton (TDFA) is an extension of deterministic finite automaton (DFA). In addition to solving the recognition
Tagged Deterministic Finite Automaton
Tagged_Deterministic_Finite_Automaton
Formal grammar
can be seen as a special kind of regular tree grammar, describing a set of single-path trees. A regular tree grammar G is defined by the tuple G = (N
Regular_tree_grammar
String rewriting system
Decider Linear-bounded PTIME Turing Machine Nested stack Thread automaton restricted Tree stack automaton Embedded pushdown Nondeterministic pushdown Deterministic
Semi-Thue_system
Sequence of characters, data type
finite length) can be viewed as nodes on a perfect k {\displaystyle k} -ary tree. Infinite strings (otherwise not considered here) can be viewed as infinite
String_(computer_science)
Formal language concept
visibly pushdown automaton is a restriction of the one used for pushdown automata. Visibly pushdown automata only add a symbol to the stack when reading a
Nested_word
Abstract data type
stack, return the value of the last element added (the item at the top of the stack). The name stack is an analogy to a set of physical items stacked
Stack_(abstract_data_type)
Decider Linear-bounded PTIME Turing Machine Nested stack Thread automaton restricted Tree stack automaton Embedded pushdown Nondeterministic pushdown Deterministic
Kuroda_normal_form
Computer science and linguistics concept relating to non-terminal production
Decider Linear-bounded PTIME Turing Machine Nested stack Thread automaton restricted Tree stack automaton Embedded pushdown Nondeterministic pushdown Deterministic
Recursive_grammar
Two-dimensional cellular automaton
of Life (sometimes abbreviated as CGoL) or simply Life, is a cellular automaton devised by the British mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970. It is
Conway's_Game_of_Life
Type of parser in computer science
recovery. LR parser stack usually stores just the LR(0) automaton states, as the grammar symbols may be derived from them (in the automaton, all input transitions
LR_parser
Abstract data type
Deque automaton (DA) is a finite-state machine equipped with a deque auxiliary memory. It generalizes Pushdown automaton (PDA) (stack automaton) and Queue
Double-ended_queue
Mathematical model describing how an output of a function is computed given an input
functions Lambda calculus Concurrent models include: Actor model Cellular automaton Interaction nets Kahn process networks Logic gates and digital circuits
Model_of_computation
expression Regular grammar Prefix grammar Tree automaton Pushdown automaton Context-free grammar Büchi automaton Chomsky hierarchy Context-sensitive language
List of computability and complexity topics
List_of_computability_and_complexity_topics
Type of formal grammar
Decider Linear-bounded PTIME Turing Machine Nested stack Thread automaton restricted Tree stack automaton Embedded pushdown Nondeterministic pushdown Deterministic
Noncontracting_grammar
polynomial". In Paul Franchi-Zannettacci (ed.). Proc. 11th Colloquium on Trees in Algebra and Programming (CAAP) (PDF). LNCS. Vol. 214. Springer. pp. 85–99
Growing context-sensitive grammar
Growing_context-sensitive_grammar
Decider Linear-bounded PTIME Turing Machine Nested stack Thread automaton restricted Tree stack automaton Embedded pushdown Nondeterministic pushdown Deterministic
Interchange_lemma
nondeterministic tree automaton (see tree automaton and infinite-tree automaton). An infinite tree automaton starts at the root and moves up the tree, and accepts
S2S_(mathematics)
Combinational digital circuit
datapath Hierarchical Deterministic finite automaton Queue automaton Cellular automaton Quantum cellular automaton Turing machine Alternating Turing machine
Arithmetic_logic_unit
Top-down parser that parses input from left to right
size. As a result, this does not make the automaton more powerful, but is a convenient abstraction. The stack alphabet is Γ = N ∪ Σ {\displaystyle \Gamma
LL_parser
Concept in generalized context free grammar
demonstrate that linear indexed grammars, combinatory categorial grammar, tree-adjoining grammars, and head grammars are weakly equivalent formalisms, in
Head_grammar
Longest-lived Biblical figure
1970s, mathematician John Conway introduced the Game of Life, a cellular automaton. In cellular automata, methuselahs refer to a small initial state of cells
Methuselah
Digital circuit that produces sums from inputs
1995). "Improving multiplier design by using improved column compression tree and optimized final adder in CMOS technology" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on
Adder_(electronics)
Formal language generated by context-free grammar
pushdown automaton for the grammar (and thereby the corresponding language), though going the other way (producing a grammar given an automaton) is not
Context-free_language
Mathematics notation with operators preceding operands
operators or operands, is pushed token for token on a stack, until the top entries of the stack contain the number of operands that fits to the top-most
Polish_notation
Type of digital adder
these two together and produce the resulting (n + 1)-bit value. Wallace tree Carry-save adder is often abbreviated as CSA, however, this can be confused
Carry-save_adder
Sequence of characters that forms a search pattern
wildcards Regular tree grammar Thompson's construction – converts a regular expression into an equivalent nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) Goyvaerts
Regular_expression
Software that translates code from one programming language to another
The lexeme syntax is typically a regular language, so a finite-state automaton constructed from a regular expression can be used to recognize it. The
Compiler
German-American psychologist (1900–1980)
conflicts. Fromm outlined three of the most common escape mechanisms: Automaton conformity: changing one's ideal self to conform to a perception of society's
Erich_Fromm
parsing can be achieved much more efficiently. Instead of building an automaton for a particular sentence, a collection of transition graphs are built
Augmented_transition_network
Circuit that performs subtraction
datapath Hierarchical Deterministic finite automaton Queue automaton Cellular automaton Quantum cellular automaton Turing machine Alternating Turing machine
Subtractor
the (asymptotical) stability of motion? Is every reversible cellular automaton in three or more dimensions locally reversible? Sudoku: How many puzzles
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Subfield of computer science and mathematics
back to the 1960s, states that the entire universe is a huge cellular automaton which continuously updates its rules. Recently it has been suggested that
Theoretical_computer_science
Random process independent of past history
equation Quantum Markov chain Semi-Markov process Stochastic cellular automaton Telescoping Markov chain Variable-order Markov model Sean Meyn; Richard
Markov_chain
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
"bootstrapping") Ensemble averaging Gradient boosted decision tree (GBDT) Gradient boosting Random Forest Stacked Generalization Meta-learning Inductive bias Metadata
Outline_of_machine_learning
Destroyer (based on the Marvel Comics object of the same name) is an automaton used by Odin to stop threats such as the Frost Giants. Loki later uses
Features of the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Features_of_the_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe
Get Characters from Undertale and Portal to Say Your Desired Lines]. AUTOMATON (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
Mechatronic puppets
entertainment business, animatronics are the modern adaptation of the automaton and are often used for the portrayal of characters in films, video games
Animatronics
Rule system for formal languages
Every regular grammar corresponds directly to a nondeterministic finite automaton, so we know that this is a regular language. Using vertical bars, the
Context-free_grammar
Grammar model in linguistics
using an automaton. Parse Tree: The alignment of the grammar to a sequence. An example of a parser for PCFG grammars is the pushdown automaton. The algorithm
Probabilistic context-free grammar
Probabilistic_context-free_grammar
Computational model used in machine learning
Sciences. Rosenblatt F (1957). "The Perceptron—a perceiving and recognizing automaton". Report 85-460-1. Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory. Olazaran M (1996)
Neural network (machine learning)
Neural_network_(machine_learning)
Automated software testing technique
input. For instance, LearnLib employs active learning to generate an automaton that represents the behavior of a web application. A white-box fuzzer
Fuzzing
then organized into a simple stack, with higher layers subsuming the goals of the lower ones. Other systems may use trees, or may include special mechanisms
Reactive_planning
finite state automaton Equivalence problem for nondeterministic finite automata Word problem and emptiness problem for non-erasing stack automata Emptiness
List of PSPACE-complete problems
List_of_PSPACE-complete_problems
Class of artificial neural network
Guo-Zheng; Giles, C. Lee; Chen, Hsing-Hen (1998). "The Neural Network Pushdown Automaton: Architecture, Dynamics and Training". In Giles, C. Lee; Gori, Marco (eds
Recurrent_neural_network
Model to describe distributed systems
finite-state automaton where each transition is labelled by a transition from the Petri net. The Petri net is then synchronised with the finite-state automaton, i
Petri_net
deterministic finite automaton Powerset construction: algorithm to convert nondeterministic automaton to deterministic automaton. Tarski–Kuratowski algorithm:
List_of_algorithms
Study of mental functions and behaviors
John F. Kihlstrom, "The Automaticity Juggernaut—or, Are We Automatons After All? Archived 10 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine", in John Baer
Psychology
Artworks that are three-dimensional objects
indoor sound installations, outdoor installations such as aeolian harps, automatons, or be more or less near conventional musical instruments. Sound sculpture
Sculpture
opposed to the human-operated The Turk and Ajeeb, El Ajedrecista was a true automaton built to play chess without human guidance. It played an endgame with
List of pioneers in computer science
List_of_pioneers_in_computer_science
"Chicken Sticks" 2022: "Idea" 2023: "Butterfly Eyes" 2023: "My Tree Friend" 2023: "Tree Friend for All" 2023: "Beautiful Moments that Last" 2024: "Spires
Buckethead_discography
British theoretical physicist and mathematician (1923–2020)
(1979). He contemplated how humanity could build a small, self-replicating automaton that could explore space more efficiently than a crewed craft could. He
Freeman_Dyson
Thieves: Theoretical Approaches to Rules Questions on the Role-Playing Games Stack Exchange". Retrieved February 5, 2021. ONeill, John (January 28, 2014).
List of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition monsters
List_of_Advanced_Dungeons_&_Dragons_2nd_edition_monsters
Fans is the Key, Say Urban Myth Dissolution Center and Gnosia Devs". Automaton. Active Gaming Media. Archived from the original on February 18, 2026
List of video games released in 2025
List_of_video_games_released_in_2025
Collection of notable objects
collection and display of automatons. In Bristol, Rhode Island, Musée Patamécanique is presented as a hybrid between an automaton theater and a cabinet of
Cabinet_of_curiosities
Model of concurrent computation
these frameworks are: Autonomous agent Data flow Gordon Pask Input/output automaton Scientific community metaphor Hewitt, Carl; Bishop, Peter; Steiger, Richard
Actor_model
Methods and measures for reducing the risk of death and injury on roads
obedient automatons who had to be protected from their own stupidity" and non-motorists were treated as "vulnerable, stupid, obedient automatons who had
Road_safety
Thieves: Theoretical Approaches to Rules Questions on the Role-Playing Games Stack Exchange". Retrieved 2021-02-05. Robichaud, Christopher, ed. (2014). Dungeons
List of Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition monsters
List_of_Dungeons_&_Dragons_3rd_edition_monsters
Art museum in London, England
Museum. Items in the collection include Tipu's Tiger, an 18th-century automaton created for Tipu Sultan, the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore and the Wine
Victoria_and_Albert_Museum
2006 Canadian TV series or program
Fabrics" August 8, 2019 (2019-08-08) TBA 18 "Basmati Microwave Rice, Automaton Singing Bird Boxes, British Life Guards Uniforms" August 8, 2019 (2019-08-08)
How_Do_They_Do_It?
Anglican cathedral in Somerset, England
at Ottery St Mary. The quarters are chimed by a quarter jack: a small automaton known as Jack Blandifers, who hits two bells with hammers and two with
Wells_Cathedral
L. Bauer – stack (data structure), Sequential Formula Translation, ALGOL, software engineering, Bauer–Fike theorem Rudolf Bayer – B-tree Gordon Bell
List_of_computer_scientists
Kolbe, Alesha (April 26, 2017). "Review: Bliss n Eso, 'Off The Grid'". Stack. Retrieved August 23, 2020. "Gabbani, titolo nuovo disco è Magellano". Agenzia
List_of_2017_albums
solo in Milwaukee, Mike meets the 97-year-old inventor whose life-like automatons tell the story of America's all-time favorite characters. 346 11 "Searching
List of American Pickers episodes
List_of_American_Pickers_episodes
9 – Government and National Assembly return to Paris. El Ajedrecista automaton introduced at University of Paris. 1915 10 September – the Satirical magazine
Timeline_of_Paris
TREE STACK-AUTOMATON
TREE STACK-AUTOMATON
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably for the most part a topographic name for someone who lived near the trunk or stump of a large tree, Middle English stocke (Old English stocc). In some cases the reference may be to a primitive foot-bridge over a stream consisting of a felled tree trunk. Some early examples without prepositions may point to a nickname for a stout, stocky man or a metonymic occupational name for a keeper of punishment stocks.German : from Middle German stoc ‘tree’, ‘tree stump’, hence a topographic name equivalent to 1, but sometimes also a nickname for an impolite or obstinate person.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Stock ‘stick’, ‘pole’.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Indian, Jain, Marathi
Lotus Stack
Male
English
English name TREY means "three."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant or patronymic form of Stack.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Lotus stack
Male
English
Short form of English Trevor, TREV means "large settlement."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a large, well-built man, from Middle English stack ‘haystack’ (from Old Norse stakkr). The surname is now less common in England than in Ireland (especially County Kerry), where it was first taken in the 13th century; it has been Gaelicized Stac.German : variant of Staack.Americanized form of Polish or Czech Stach.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a maker of sacks or bags, from Old English sacc, Middle High German sack, German Sack ‘sack’. Bahlow also suggests someone who carried sacks.German : topographic from Middle High German sack ‘sack’, ‘end of a valley or area of cultivation’.Dutch : from a reduced form of the personal name Zacharias.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : from an acronym of the Hebrew phrase Zera Keshodim ‘Seed of the Holy’ (referring to martyred ancestors), or from a short form of the personal name Isaac.
Boy/Male
English
From the tree stump.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English
Three
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : nickname for an idle person, from Middle Dutch slac, Middle English slack, ‘lazy’, ‘careless’.English : topographic name from northern Middle English slack ‘shallow valley’ (Old Norse slakki), or a habitational name from one of the places named with this word, for example near Stainland and near Hebden Bridge in West Yorkshire.Scottish (Dumfriesshire) : habitational name, maybe from Slake or Slack in Roberton, Roxburghshire (now part of Borders region).It may also be an Americanized spelling of Slovenian Slak, a nickname from slak ‘bindweed’.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Stacey, STACY means "resurrection."
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly southeastern)
English (mainly southeastern) : topographic name for someone who lived near a conspicuous tree, Middle English tre(w).
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, Jamaican
Three
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Lotus Stack
Female
English
Feminine variant spelling of English unisex Stacey, STACI means "resurrection."
Female
English
English form of Irish BrÃgh, BREE means "force, strength."
Female
Spanish
Short form of Spanish Teresa, TERE means "harvester."Â
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese
Three
Boy/Male
English American
Three. Also atraigh 'Strand'.
TREE STACK-AUTOMATON
TREE STACK-AUTOMATON
Male
Japanese
(å…æœ—) Japanese name ROKURO means "sixth son."
Boy/Male
Indian
My Joy of Battlefield
Girl/Female
Greek
Lily.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, from the German personal name Harman, HARMON means "bold/hardy man."
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Victorious; Win
Biblical
mild; good; merciful
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian
Heart; Soul
Female
English
Middle English name QUILLA means "feather, quill."
Girl/Female
German
Pure; Little and Womanly; Female Version of Charles or Carl
Boy/Male
Tamil
Divine
TREE STACK-AUTOMATON
TREE STACK-AUTOMATON
TREE STACK-AUTOMATON
TREE STACK-AUTOMATON
TREE STACK-AUTOMATON
n.
Something constructed in the form of, or considered as resembling, a tree, consisting of a stem, or stock, and branches; as, a genealogical tree.
n.
Same as Stock account, below.
imp. & p. p.
of Stick
n.
To lay in a conical or other pile; to make into a large pile; as, to stack hay, cornstalks, or grain; to stack or place wood.
a.
Used or employed for constant service or application, as if constituting a portion of a stock or supply; standard; permanent; standing; as, a stock actor; a stock play; a stock sermon.
v. t.
To drive to a tree; to cause to ascend a tree; as, a dog trees a squirrel.
a.
A data structure within random-access memory used to simulate a hardware stack; as, a push-down stack.
v. t.
Anything shaped like a stick; as, a stick of wax.
n.
To compose; to set, or arrange, in a composing stick; as, to stick type.
adv.
Slackly; as, slack dried hops.
n.
A cross or gallows; as Tyburn tree.
v. t.
To put in a sack; to bag; as, to sack corn.
v. t.
To place upon a tree; to fit with a tree; to stretch upon a tree; as, to tree a boot. See Tree, n., 3.
imp. & p. p.
of Tree