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A timetree is a phylogenetic tree scaled to time. It shows the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms in a temporal framework. Therefore, if
Timetree
Database of times of divergence in the tree of life
TimeTree is a free public database developed by S. Blair Hedges and Sudhir Kumar, now at Temple University, for presenting times of divergence in the tree
TimeTree
2013 British documentary film
Mammals. The film uses a circular timetree of life generated by scientists S. Blair Hedges and Sudhir Kumar, from their TimeTree database, as a temporal framework
David Attenborough's Rise of Animals: Triumph of the Vertebrates
David_Attenborough's_Rise_of_Animals:_Triumph_of_the_Vertebrates
Model for the evolution of species
ancestor of life on Earth. Two public databases for the tree of life are TimeTree, for phylogeny and divergence times, and the Open Tree of Life, for phylogeny
Tree_of_life_(biology)
Biological kingdom
Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Daley, Allison C.; Pisani, Davide (2013). "Molecular Timetrees Reveal a Cambrian Colonization of Land and a New Scenario for Ecdysozoan
Animal
Limbless, scaly, elongate reptile
(2009). "Snakes (Serpentes)". In Hedges, S. B.; Kumar, S. (eds.). The Timetree of Life. Oxford University Press. pp. 390–397. Mehrtens, J. M. (1987).
Snake
Class of ectothermic tetrapods
of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene
Amphibian
Family of primates
Dawkins R (2004) The Ancestor's Tale. "Query: Hominidae/Hylobatidae". TimeTree. Temple University. 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2017. "International Bans
Hominidae
Clade of animals
Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Daley, Allison C.; Pisani, Davide (March 2013). "Molecular Timetrees Reveal a Cambrian Colonization of Land and a New Scenario for Ecdysozoan
Panarthropoda
Second period of the Mesozoic Era
Marjanović, David; Laurin, Michel (2014-07-04). "An updated paleontological timetree of lissamphibians, with comments on the anatomy of Jurassic crown-group
Jurassic
Predatory cartilaginous fishes
of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene
Shark
Fifth period of the Paleozoic Era
Brinkmann, H. et al. Phylotranscriptomic consolidation of the jawed vertebrate timetree. Nat Ecol Evol 1, 1370–1378 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0240-5
Carboniferous
Order of mammals
(2009). "Rodents (Rodentia)" (PDF). In Hedges, S.B.; Kumar, S. (eds.). The Timetree of Life. Oxford University Press. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23
Rodent
Evolutionary process
Ann (June 13, 2012). "Bonobos Join Chimps as Closest Human Relatives". TimeTree. Archived from the original on September 13, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2018
Human_evolution
Matter with biological processes
7 billion years. Estimates from molecular clocks, as summarised in the TimeTree public database, place the origin of life around 4 billion years ago. Hypotheses
Life
Order of amphibians
PMID 22411790. Marjanovic, D.; Laurin, M. (2014). "An updated paleontological timetree of lissamphibians, with comments on the anatomy of Jurassic crown-group
Salamander
Clade of tetrapods
of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene
Synapsida
Order of egg-laying mammals
"chapter 68 – Mammals (Mamalia)". In Hedges, S. Blair; Kumar, Sudhir (eds.). The Timetree of Life. Oxford University Press. pp. 459–461. ISBN 978-0-19-953503-3.
Monotreme
Software for statistical analysis of molecular evolution
MEGA tree format, or for timetrees, exported in a tabular format with relevant information used when constructing the timetree. Other export options include
Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis
Molecular_Evolutionary_Genetics_Analysis
Male anatomical structure found in some groups of animals, used in mating
Heinicke, Matthew P.; Naylor, Gavin J. P.; Hedges, S. Blair (2009). The Timetree of Life: Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes). Oxford University Press
Clasper
Subfamily of birds
"Waterfowl and gamefowl (Galloanserae)". In Hedges, S.B.; Kumar, S. (eds.). The Timetree of Life (PDF). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 576. ISBN 978-0-19-160898-8
Whistling_duck
Infraclass of mammals in the clade Eutheria
Hedges, S. Blair; Kumar, Sudhir (2025-11-19). "Completing a molecular timetree of Afrotheria". Frontiers in Bioinformatics. 5 1710926. doi:10.3389/fbinf
Placentalia
Extinct genus of reptiles
of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene
Hylonomus
Semi-aquatic rodent from South America
D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology
Nutria
Animals living on land
0133 Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Daley, Allison C.; Pisani, Davide. "Molecular Timetrees Reveal a Cambrian Colonization of Land and a New Scenario for Ecdysozoan
Terrestrial_animal
Order of water birds
of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12. 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene
Anseriformes
Family of flowering plants
(2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083. The Timetree of Life edited by S. Blair Hedges and Sudhir Kumar, OUP Oxford, 23. apr
Cornaceae
Records of Earth's development
doi:10.1023/A:1006548904157. PMID 11536891. TimeTree (2023). "TimeTree: the timescale of life". TimeTree: the timescale of life. Temple University. Retrieved
History_of_Earth
Species of mammal
D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology
Desmarest's_hutia
Sub-epoch of the Miocene Epoch
OCLC 56617123. "Find Time of Divergence: Hominidae versus Hylobatidae". TimeTree. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
Late_Miocene
Type of motor racing
licensing, timing, and safety standards. A Swedish-developed timing system, TimeTree, is used on most drag racing tracks in the Nordic countries and integrates
Drag_racing
Clade of the first four-limbed vertebrates and their descendants
Retrieved 2 July 2015. S. Blair Hedges; Sudhir Kumar (23 April 2009). The Timetree of Life. OUP Oxford. pp. 354–. ISBN 978-0-19-156015-6. Archived from the
Tetrapod
Posterior body part of some arthropods
.39..453P. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2010.07.007. PMID 20696272. Retrieved 20 August 2020. "TimeTree: The Timescale of Life". TimeTree. Retrieved 2025-09-07.
Opisthosoma
Class of animals
of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12. 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene
Reptile
Bony skin-covered spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish
Heinicke, Matthew P.; Naylor, Gavin J. P.; Hedges, S. Blair (2009). The Timetree of Life: Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes). Oxford University Press
Fish_fin
Group of squamate reptiles
(2009). "Snakes (Serpentes)". In Hedges, S.B.; Kumar, S. (eds.). The Timetree of Life. Oxford University Press. pp. 390–397. Evans, Susan E. (2022-08-11)
Ophidia
Genus of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents
D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology
Isothrix
Kingdom of bacteria
division, drawing attention to the importance of rooted trees of life. A timetree redrawn from Battistuzzi and Hedges (2009) shows the division of Pseudomonadati
Pseudomonadati
Genus of fishes
Francesco Santini; Giorgio Carnevale; Michael E. Alfaro (2013). "A multi-locus timetree of surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae, Percomorpha), with revised family taxonomy"
Acanthurus
Group of ray-finned fishes
Retrieved 21 December 2023. Santini, F.; Sorenson, L. (2013). "First molecular timetree of billfishes (Istiophoriformes: Acanthomorpha) shows a Late Miocene radiation
Billfish
Genus of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents
D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology
Atlantic_spiny_rat
Kingdom of land bacteria
FU, Hedges SB (2009). "Eubacteria". In Hedges SB, Kumar S (eds.). The Timetree of Life. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 106–115. Cavalier-Smith
Bacillati
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
2016-05-09. "SDSC Biology Workbench". workbench.sdsc.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-29. "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". timetree.org. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
GPATCH11
Clade of scaled reptiles
of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12. 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene
Toxicofera
Order of monocot flowering plants
Aires: ACME S.A.C.I. * Hedges, S. Blair; Kumar, Sudhir, eds. (2009), The timetree of life, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-156015-6 Hessayon
Asparagales
Species of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents
D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology
Giant_tree-rat
Family of fishes with caudal spines
L., Santini, F., Carnevale, G. and Alfaro, M.E. (2013) "A multi-locus timetree of surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae, Percomorpha), with revised family taxonomy"
Acanthuridae
Extinct genus of tetrapods
"Amphibians (Lissamphibia)". In Hedges, S. B.; Kumar, S. (eds.). The Timetree of Life. Oxford University Press. pp. 353–356. Carroll, R. L.; Chorn, J
Rhynchonkos
Clade of amphibians
PMID 35858401. Marjanovic D, Laurin M (2014). "An updated paleontological timetree of lissamphibians, with comments on the anatomy of Jurassic crown-group
Caudata
Superclass of jawless fishes
(2009b). "Jawless fishes (Cyclostomata)". In S.B. Hedges & S. Kumar (eds.). Timetree of Life. Oxford University Press. pp. 317–319. ISBN 978-0-19-953503-3.
Cyclostomi
Clade of birds
paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2021-09-25. Van Tuinen M. (2009) Birds (Aves). In The Timetree of Life, Hedges SB, Kumar S (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 409–411
Notopalaeognathae
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Sequence Alignment". Multiple Sequence Alignment. ClustalW. "TimeTree of Life". TimeTree. "WebLogo Database". WebLogo Database. University of California
LOC101928193
Gene
Tool". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-18. "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". www.timetree.org. Retrieved 2021-12-18. Human C2orf80 genome location
C2orf80
Taxonomic clade
of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene
Sauropsida
Clade of flowering plants
ISBN 9780444810731. Hedges, S. Blair; Kumar, Sudhir, eds. (2009), The timetree of life, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780191560156 Hoeniger,
Monocotyledon
Protein encoding gene in humans
microarray "Expasy - Compute pI/Mw tool". web.expasy.org. Retrieved 2025-07-29. "AlphaFold Protein Structure Database". NCBI BLAST Clustal Omega TimeTree
TMEM132B
Paleozoographic event resulting from the formation of the Isthmus of Panama
J. L.; MacPhee, R. D. E.; Hofreiter, M. (2017-06-27). "A mitogenomic timetree for Darwin's enigmatic South American mammal Macrauchenia patachonica"
Great_American_Interchange
Human cancer-testis antigen protein
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/jdispatcher/psa/emboss_needle TimeTree — The Timescale of Life. https://timetree.org EMBOSS Needle pairwise alignment. https://www
MAGEB17
Extinct genus of camel-like ungulate
J. L.; MacPhee, R. D. E.; Hofreiter, M. (2017-06-27). "A mitogenomic timetree for Darwin's enigmatic South American mammal Macrauchenia patachonica"
Macrauchenia
Protein found in humans
sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-16. "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". timetree.org. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
CFAP97D2
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Tool". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-05-07. "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". timetree.org. Retrieved 2017-05-07. "Home - GEO Profiles - NCBI"
CEFIP
Family of salamanders
1038/s41598-026-44690-3. Marjanovic, D.; Laurin, M. (2014). "An updated paleontological timetree of lissamphibians, with comments on the anatomy of Jurassic crown-group
Salamandridae
Family of rodents
D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology
Echimyidae
Species of rodent
D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology
Speckled_spiny_tree-rat
South Korean internet company
Watcha, Lunit, Standigm, Karrot (Daangn Market), Korea Credit Data, Dunamu, TimeTree Kakao Investment: start-up investment company Linkagelab: subsidiary KakaoBus:
Kakao
Retrieved 25 October 2021. Kumar S, Stecher G, Suleski M. "TimeTree: The Timescale of Life". www.timetree.org. Retrieved 25 October 2021. Ohnami S, Maruyama K
FAM166C
Origin and diversification of primates through geologic time
Dawkins 2004 "Find Time of Divergence: Hominidae versus Hylobatidae". TimeTree. Retrieved 2015-04-18. Senevirathne, Gayani; Fernandopulle, Serena C.;
Evolution_of_primates
Extinct order of hoofed mammals
J. L.; MacPhee, R. D. E.; Hofreiter, M. (2017-06-27). "A mitogenomic timetree for Darwin's enigmatic South American mammal Macrauchenia patachonica"
Notoungulata
First epoch of the Paleogene Period
PMID 20133356. Santini, F.; Carnevale, G.; Sorenson, L. (2015). "First timetree of Sphyraenidae (Percomorpha) reveals a Middle Eocene crown age and an
Paleocene
Polyphyletic group of tetrapodomorphs
of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12. 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene
Lepospondyli
Order of squids
mollusks Cephalopoda". In Hedges, S. Blair; Kumar, Sudhir (eds.). The Timetree of Life. OUP Oxford. pp. 2–18. P., Roper, Clyde F. E., 1937- Jereb (2010)
Oegopsida
Family of birds
(Falconiformes)" pp. 436–439 in Hedges S. B. and S. Kumar, Eds. (2009) The Timetree of Life Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-953503-5 de Boer, L. E. M. (1975)
New_World_vulture
Fossil bird genus from Belgium
of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene
Asteriornis
Species of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents
D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology
Painted_tree-rat
Extinct order of tetrapods
(Lissamphibia: Gymnophionomorpha) with comments on its use to calibrate molecular timetrees". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 131 (4): 737–755. doi:10
Temnospondyli
Extinct genus of sharks
of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12. 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene
Agaleus
Protein-coding gene in humans
(17): 3389–402. doi:10.1093/nar/25.17.3389. PMC 146917. PMID 9254694. "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". www.timetree.org. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
C2orf73
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Tool". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-15. "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". timetree.org. Retrieved 2021-12-15. "BLAST: Basic Local Alignment
C11orf98
Order of birds
1157704. PMID 18583609. S2CID 6472805. Houde, P. (2009) "Gruiformes". in Timetree of Life (S. B. Hedges and S. Kumar, eds.) Oxford Univ. Press, New York
Gruiformes
Hard skeletal covering of fish
Sorenson, L.; Santini, F.; Carnevale, G.; Alfaro, M.E. (2013). "A multi-locus timetree of surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae, Percomorpha), with revised family taxonomy"
Fish_scale
Genus of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents
D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology
Mesomys
Order of squids
"Cephalopod mollusks Cephalopoda". In S. Blair Hedges; Sudhir Kumar (eds.). The Timetree of Life. OUP Oxford. pp. 2–18. Jereb, P. & C.F.E. Roper (2010). Squids
Myopsida
Abundance Database". pax-db.org. Retrieved 2024-12-13. "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". timetree.org. Retrieved 2024-12-13. "Job Dispatcher homepage |
ZNF816
Infraorder of crustaceans
and lobsters (Decapoda)". In S. Blair Hedges; Sudhir Kumar (eds.). The Timetree of Life. Oxford University Press. pp. 293–297. ISBN 978-0-19-160898-8.
Achelata
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Retrieved 4 May 2015. Hedges SB, Dudley J, Kumar S (December 2006). "TimeTree: a public knowledge-base of divergence times among organisms". Bioinformatics
NBPF1
Rodents of the subfamily Capromyinae
D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology
Hutia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Gene Cards Orthologs". Gene Cards. Hedges, SB; Dudley J; Kumar S (2006). "TimeTree: a public knowledge-base of divergence times among organisms". pp. 2971–2972
FAM214A
Order of amphibians
(Lissamphibia; Gymnophionomorpha) with comments on its use to calibrate molecular timetrees". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 131 (4): 737–755. doi:10
Caecilian
Genus of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents
D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology
Olallamys
Extinct order of hoofed mammals
Fernando; Rinderknecht, Andrés; Jones, Washington (2017-06-27). "A mitogenomic timetree for Darwin's enigmatic South American mammal Macrauchenia patachonica"
Litopterna
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Information". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-05-06. "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". www.timetree.org. Retrieved 2018-02-25. "Multiple Sequence Alignment
C19orf44
Reproductive physiology of fishes
Heinicke, Matthew P.; Naylor, Gavin J. P.; Hedges, S. Blair (2009). The Timetree of Life: Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes). Oxford University Press
Fish_reproduction
Extinct family of birds
of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12. 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene
Presbyornithidae
Tribe of rodents
D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology
Myocastorini
Order of monocot flowering plants, including lilies
Thomas (2009). "Monocots". In Hedges, S. Blair; Kumar, Sudhir (eds.). The Timetree of Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 203–212. ISBN 978-0-19-156015-6
Liliales
Extinct clade of mammals
J. L.; MacPhee, R. D. E.; Hofreiter, M. (2017-06-27). "A mitogenomic timetree for Darwin's enigmatic South American mammal Macrauchenia patachonica"
South American native ungulates
South_American_native_ungulates
Gene on human chromosome 5
Kumar S, Stecher G, Suleski M, Hedges SB (July 2017). "TimeTree: A Resource for Timelines, Timetrees, and Divergence Times". Molecular Biology and Evolution
FNDC9
Protein
listed vertebrates were included. These orthologs were identified through TimeTree and BLAST searches. The table is categorized by increasing date of divergence
TMEM198
Human protein-coding gene
< EMBL-EBI". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-03-02. "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". www.timetree.org. Retrieved 2 March 2017. Marangi, Giuseppe; Orteschi
C19orf67
Regulatory protein found in most eukaryotic tissues
PMID 28087277. Marin J, Battistuzzi FU, Brown AC, Hedges SB (February 2017). "The Timetree of Prokaryotes: New Insights into Their Evolution and Speciation". Molecular
Ubiquitin
TIMETREE
TIMETREE
TIMETREE
TIMETREE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Treece.
Boy/Male
Irish
Bard; travelling musician/singer.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Cherishing; Pleasing
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Dark Complexioned
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Fragnance
Boy/Male
Muslim
Who shows the right path, Shoaib was a prophet of Islam
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sumadeepika | ஸà¯à®®à®¾à®‚திபீகா
Glittering flower
Boy/Male
Tamil
Extreme delight
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Exellence
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Prayer Ceremony
TIMETREE
TIMETREE
TIMETREE
TIMETREE
TIMETREE