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International cultural movement (1920s–1950s)
Surrealism is an art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind
Surrealism
Genre of art and literature
Afro-Surrealism (also Afro-surrealism, AfroSurrealism) is a genre or school of art and literature. In 1974, Amiri Baraka used the term to describe the
Afro-Surrealism
Study of surrealism
Proto-Surrealism is a term used for Surrealism avant-la-lettre. It is the study of various forms of art, literature, and other mediums that correspond
Proto-Surrealism
1969 book by André Breton
Manifestoes of Surrealism is a book by André Breton, describing the aims, meaning, and political position of the Surrealist movement. It was published
Manifestoes_of_Surrealism
Post-surrealism is a movement that arose in Southern California in 1934 when Helen Lundeberg and Lorser Feitelson wrote a manifesto explaining their desire
Post-surrealism
Surrealist art categorization
Organic Surrealism is one of the two main poles in the surrealist movement in the visual arts. It is characterized by automatist techniques, which its
Organic_Surrealism
In the Japanese city of Nagoya, Surrealism developed as a distinctive regional formation within Japanese Surrealism, especially from the mid-1930s to
Surrealism_in_Nagoya
Artistic genre
Surrealism in Japan refers to the reception, translation, and local development of Surrealism in Japan from the late 1920s onward, across poetry, visual
Surrealism_in_Japan
Film genre
1920s. Works in this category transfer the techniques of the art world's surrealism movement to film; shocking, irrational, or absurd imagery is combined
Surrealist_cinema
French co-founder of Surrealism (1896–1966)
co-founder of surrealism. His writings include the first Surrealist Manifesto (Manifeste du surréalisme) of 1924, in which he defined surrealism as "pure psychic
André_Breton
Underground visual art movement
hot-rod cultures of the street. It is also often known by the name pop surrealism. Lowbrow art often has a sense of humor—sometimes the humor is gleeful
Lowbrow_(art_movement)
2021–2022 international Surrealism exhibition at the Met and Tate Modern
Surrealism Beyond Borders was a 2021–2022 exhibition co-organized by the Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met) and Tate Modern that reconsidered Surrealism
Surrealism_Beyond_Borders
Art movement
Urban Surrealism is a significant art movement across various disciplines including architecture, drawing and painting, literature, music and drama, where
Urban_Surrealism
Japanese painter and photographer associated with Surrealism in Nagoya
1981) was a Japanese painter and photographer associated with Japanese Surrealism and the avant-garde milieu in Nagoya. He was a member of the artists'
Yoshio_Shimozato
Wartime censorship and police pressure on Japanese Surrealism
Wartime repression of Surrealism in Japan involved police scrutiny, censorship, detention, and other official pressure on writers, artists, photographers
Wartime repression of Surrealism in Japan
Wartime_repression_of_Surrealism_in_Japan
Scottish Surrealist performance artist
David Gascoyne expressing her fondness for his book A Short Survey of Surrealism and offering to help organise a Surrealist group in England. At the time
Sheila_Legge
British and Mexican artist, surrealist painter and novelist (1917–2011)
throughout her life. She became familiar with Surrealism from a copy of Herbert Read's book, Surrealism (1936), given to her by her mother, but she received
Leonora_Carrington
American photographer and photojournalist (1907–1977)
"Sinai" (1939), were displayed at the Zwemmer Gallery's 1940 exhibition, Surrealism To-Day. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) included her work in the exhibition
Lee_Miller
Published declaration of principles and intentions for surrealism
Breton, Manifestoes of Surrealism, transl. Richard Seaver and Helen R. Lane (Ann Arbor, 1971), p. 26. "Matthew S. Witkovsky, Surrealism in the Plural: Guillaume
Surrealist_Manifesto
Avant-garde art movement in the early 20th century
like the avant-garde and downtown music movements, and groups including Surrealism, nouveau réalisme, pop art, and Fluxus. Dada did not constitute a single
Dada
Form of humour predicated on deliberate violations of causal reasoning
absurd situations, and expressions of nonsense. Surreal humour grew out of surrealism, a cultural movement developed in the 20th century by French and Belgian
Surreal_humour
Belgian painter (1898–1967)
illusionistic, dream-like quality is characteristic of Magritte's version of Surrealism. He became a leading member of the movement and remained in Paris for
René_Magritte
French writer, librarian and theorist (1897–1962)
relationship to Surrealism was conflictual but enduring: after initially opposing Breton's group, he later described himself as Surrealism's "old enemy from
Georges_Bataille
Swiss painter
representative of Surrealism in Switzerland. Largely self-taught, he progressed from an early Cubist-influenced style to Surrealism. His work was shown
Otto_Tschumi
1940 self-portrait by Frida Kahlo
on Mexican folk art, Catholic symbolism, and elements associated with Surrealism. The work depicts Kahlo lying on a carved, colonial-style bed that appears
The_Dream_(The_Bed)
American art historian
avant-garde and contemporary art. Susik's scholarly research purview includes surrealism, dada, photography, experimental film, animation, protest art, erotic
Abigail_Susik
Country in South America
early 19th century) to Romanticism, Modernism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism and Abstractionism. Brazilian cinema dates back to the birth of the medium
Brazil
1937 touring exhibition of European Surrealism in Japan
editor-in-chief Masao Ōshita. Conceived as a direct encounter with contemporary Surrealism, the exhibition drew on transnational correspondence networks and the
Kaigai Chōgenjitsushugi Sakuhinten
Kaigai_Chōgenjitsushugi_Sakuhinten
British artist, author and occultist (1906–1988)
occultist, poet and author. Stylistically her artwork was affiliated with Surrealism. In the early 1930s she met André Breton in Paris, and later started working
Ithell_Colquhoun
Catalan painter, sculptor, and ceramicist (1893–1983)
In 1959, André Breton asked Miró to represent Spain in The Homage to Surrealism exhibition alongside Enrique Tábara, Salvador Dalí, and Eugenio Granell
Joan_Miró
Art movement started in the 1990s
trend among certain postmodern artists who combine the visual language of surrealism with imagery and techniques drawn from mass media, including pop art.
Massurrealism
British artist and art historian (1900-1984)
Penrose (and Lee Miller) recorded in 1946 can be heard on the audio CD Surrealism Reviewed. A filmed interview between Penrose and Antoni Tàpies was directed
Roland_Penrose
Dutch painter (1853–1890)
Functionalism Bauhaus Futurism Imagism Lettrism Neoplasticism De Stijl Orphism Surrealism Symbolism Synchromism Tonalism Literary arts Literature Apollinaire Barnes
Vincent_van_Gogh
Romanian writer and visual artist (1910–1981)
1930s. Like his friends Teodorescu and Paul Păun, he adopted programmatic surrealism, describing himself as a follower of André Breton's. However, he insisted
Tașcu_Gheorghiu
Scottish electronic musician and graphical artist
Regional Surrealism review, Resident Advisor Regional Surrealism review, Fact Magazine Konx Om Pax interview, Impose Magazine Regional Surrealism review
Konx-Om-Pax
Canadian painter (1959–2017)
(June 25, 1959 – June 14, 2017) was a Canadian painter of magic realism (surrealism). He produced original works, limited edition prints and illustrations
Rob_Gonsalves
Spanish-Mexican filmmaker (1900–1983)
filmmakers of all time. Buñuel's works are known for their avant-garde surrealism which was also infused with political commentary. Often associated with
Luis_Buñuel
Romanian-French poet (1896–1963)
magazine, which marked the first step in the movement's evolution toward Surrealism. He was involved in the major polemics which led to Dada's split, defending
Tristan_Tzara
Spanish Catalan artist (1908–1963)
the Surrealists. The father of Surrealism, André Breton, excluded women as fundamental to the movement of Surrealism, but after Varo's death in 1963
Remedios_Varo
1922 novel by James Joyce
Functionalism Bauhaus Futurism Imagism Lettrism Neoplasticism De Stijl Orphism Surrealism Symbolism Synchromism Tonalism Literary arts Literature Apollinaire Barnes
Ulysses_(novel)
American author and journalist (1899–1961)
Functionalism Bauhaus Futurism Imagism Lettrism Neoplasticism De Stijl Orphism Surrealism Symbolism Synchromism Tonalism Literary arts Literature Apollinaire Barnes
Ernest_Hemingway
2017 horror web series
series received widespread coverage for its storytelling, authenticity, surrealism, and its active community of viewers. level1 Song from the Petscop Soundtrack
Petscop
Martiniquan literary journal (1941–1945)
the writers commented on colonialism, surrealism, and other topics. André Breton, the French leader of surrealism, contributed to the magazine and helped
Tropiques
Spanish painter and sculptor (1881–1973)
neoclassical style, and his work in the mid-1920s often has characteristics of Surrealism. His later work often combines elements of his earlier styles. Exceptionally
Pablo_Picasso
Techniques used in surrealism
Surrealism in art, poetry, and literature uses numerous techniques and games to provide inspiration. Many of these are said to free imagination by producing
Surrealist_techniques
French poet (1895–1952)
maternal grandmother. He adhered to Dadaism and became one of the pillars of Surrealism by opening the way to artistic action politically committed to the Communist
Paul_Éluard
Spanish surrealist artist (1904–1989)
increasingly attracted to Cubism and avant-garde movements. He moved closer to Surrealism in the late 1920s and joined the Surrealist group in 1929, soon becoming
Salvador_Dalí
Japanese poet-photographer and editor (1914–1987)
brought photography into sustained contact with poetry, publishing, and Surrealism. His 1932 photocollage The Developing Thought of a Human... Mist and Bedroom
Kansuke_Yamamoto_(artist)
German artist (1891–1976)
poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism in Europe. He had no formal artistic training, but his experimental attitude
Max_Ernst
American painter
surrealist sculptor. Her work has been described as on the "cutting edge of surrealism in sculpture" for her time. Xenia Kashevaroff was one of six daughters
Xenia_Cage
Novel by Mikhail Bulgakov, written 1928–1940
Books of the Century List of works published posthumously Magical realism Surrealism The Big Read Urban fantasy Wayland the Smith Works based on Faust MASSOLIT
The_Master_and_Margarita
Country in Southeast and Central Europe
contemporary period, the art scene expanded into modern abstraction, surrealism, and figurative art, led by Petar Lubarda, Marko Čelebonović, and Vladimir
Serbia
American artist (born 1942)
first flapper and a precursor of surrealism." In 2008, her memoir came out, Dreams & Everyday Life, André Breton, Surrealism, Rebel Worker, SDS & the Seven
Penelope_Rosemont
American painter, printmaker, sculptor, writer, and poet (1910–2012)
sculptor, writer, and poet. Her early work was influenced by European Surrealism. Dorothea Tanning was born and raised in Galesburg, Illinois. She was
Dorothea_Tanning
Country in Central Europe
and cubists: Josef Čapek, Emil Filla, Bohumil Kubišta or Jan Zrzavý. Surrealism emerged particularly through the work of Toyen, Josef Šíma and Karel Teige
Czech_Republic
English painter
He is described by Michel Remy in his book Surrealism in Britain as one of the "harbingers of surrealism" in Great Britain. He was, along with his art
John_Melville
Magazine
VVV was a magazine devoted to the dissemination of Surrealism published in New York City from 1942 through 1944. It was the product of leading Surrealists
VVV_(magazine)
Austrian and Czech writer (1883–1924)
Functionalism Bauhaus Futurism Imagism Lettrism Neoplasticism De Stijl Orphism Surrealism Symbolism Synchromism Tonalism Literary arts Literature Apollinaire Barnes
Franz_Kafka
Capital of France
Retrieved 16 January 2015. Department of Photographs, Photography and Surrealism, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History Archived 13 February 2015 at the Wayback
Paris
British painter and engraver (1922–2011)
English portraitists. His early career as a painter was influenced by surrealism, and afterwards by expressionism, but by the early 1950s his often stark
Lucian_Freud
Peruvian poet and painter (1903–1956)
of Surrealism in South America, following in the footsteps of César Vallejo and José Carlos Mariátegui who had both published analyses of Surrealism. He
César_Moro
Belgian painter (1860–1949)
Belgian painter and printmaker, an important influence on expressionism and surrealism who lived in Ostend for most of his life. He was associated with the artistic
James_Ensor
1974 novel by Leonora Carrington
ISBN 978-0-14-118799-0. Aberth, Susan L (2010). Leonora Carrington: Surrealism, Alchemy and Art. Surrey: Lund Humphries. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-84822-056-0
The_Hearing_Trumpet
Russian novelist (1821–1881)
overwhelming and visionary." Writers associated with cultural movements such as surrealism, existentialism and the Beats cite Dostoevsky as an influence, and he
Fyodor_Dostoevsky
English surrealism academic
University of Kent at Canterbury. AUTHORED BOOKS (2026) Emmy Bridgwater: Surrealism of Angst (Paul Holberton Publishing, London) ISBN 978-1-91364-599-1, 208pp
Silvano_Levy
Works that are experimental or innovative
traditions of their time; thus, the artists who created the anti-novel and surrealism were ahead of their times. As a stratum of the intelligentsia of a society
Avant-garde
Japanese painter associated with Surrealism in Nagoya (1911–1985)
Sanshin Yoshikawa (吉川三伸, 1911–1985) was a Japanese painter associated with Surrealism and avant-garde art in Nagoya. Active in the city's prewar Surrealist
Sanshin_Yoshikawa
Romanian-American artist (1910–2011)
painters. Her work is often associated with Abstract Expressionism and Surrealism. She was also the only woman to appear in a notable photograph of abstract
Hedda_Sterne
Country in West Asia
culminating in the establishment of an art society. Expressionism and surrealism, as well as calligraphic art are the popular forms of art in the country
Bahrain
2004 novel by Roberto Bolaño
Bolaño Translator Natasha Wimmer Language Spanish Genre Postmodernism surrealism metafiction Published 2004 (Editorial Anagrama, Barcelona) 11 November
2666
American lowbrow/pop surrealism artist
Garcia (born 1970)[citation needed] is a California-based lowbrow/pop surrealism artist. She paints in a goth subculture cartoon style. She says her influences
Camille_Rose_Garcia
Brazilian sculptor, designer, writer, painter, writer and musician
international world as "the sculptor of the tropics" and "the great sculptor of Surrealism". Martins studied in diverse geographical locations in her early years
Maria_Martins_(artist)
1931 painting by Salvador Dalí
painting by artist Salvador Dalí and one of the most recognizable works of Surrealism. First exhibited at the Julien Levy Gallery in 1932 and sold for $250
The_Persistence_of_Memory
Japanese poet, art critic, and artist associated with Surrealism
prewar and postwar Japanese Surrealism, helping introduce the movement through his 1930 translation of André Breton's Surrealism and Painting and through
Shūzō_Takiguchi
Music genre
composers were influenced by surrealism, or by individuals in the surrealist movement. The two composers most associated with surrealism during this period were
Surrealist_music
2015 horror video game
Engine Terror Platform Microsoft Windows Release 2015 Genres Horror, psychological horror, surrealism, postmodernism Modes Single-player, first-person
Sad_Satan
Art in the Western world during the 20th century
Giorgio de Chirico, 1914, Metaphysical art (pre-Surrealism) Henri Rousseau, The Dream, 1910, Primitive Surrealism Juan Gris, 1912, Cubism František Kupka, Amorpha
20th-century_Western_painting
German cultural critic, philosopher and social critic (1892–1940)
Benjamin published “Surrealism: The Last Snapshot of the European Intelligentsia” in Die literarische Welt. He argued that Surrealism should not be understood
Walter_Benjamin
Country within the United Kingdom
London; he was a figurative painter in international styles including Surrealism. Various artists have moved to Wales, including Eric Gill, the London-Welshman
Wales
Belarusian-born American painter and sculptor
contained elements of folk art, Precisionism, Parisian Purism, Cubism, and Surrealism. Blume, born in Smarhon, Russian Empire to a Jewish family, emigrated
Peter_Blume
German-Swiss surrealist artist (1913–1985)
Oppenheim: Object she was described as having embodied and "personified male Surrealism's ideal of the 'femme-enfant.' In 1937, Oppenheim returned to Basel and
Méret_Oppenheim
French film director and photographer (1902–1989)
Jean Painlevé (20 November 1902 – 2 July 1989) was a French photographer and filmmaker who specialized in underwater fauna. He was the son of mathematician
Jean_Painlevé
English artist (1886–1956)
exhibiting his work to varying degrees of success. With the arrival of surrealism onto the London art scene during the 1930s, critics and the press once
Austin_Osman_Spare
French writer (1898–1980)
legacy of Lise Deharme has been told in the margins of books on Surrealism and Surrealism's father, André Breton. She is remembered as the "first impossible
Lise_Deharme
French surrealist art magazine (1929–1930)
Guardian, May 6, 2006 "Special Reports : Undercover Surrealism", Guardian UK "Undercover Surrealism", Alex Russell, Seen and Heard, January 2006 "A Playful
Documents_(magazine)
American filmmaker and photographer (1928–1999)
Kubrick, "marking the turning point from a naturalistic cinema ... to the surrealism of the later films", according to film critic Gene Youngblood. Kubrick
Stanley_Kubrick
Japanese painter associated with Surrealism in Nagoya (1914–2007)
Tetsu Okada (岡田徹, 1914–2007) was a Japanese painter associated with Surrealism and avant-garde art in Nagoya. Largely self-taught, he was active in the
Tetsu_Okada
Movements Impressionism – Fumism – Art Nouveau - Cubism Art Deco – Dada – Surrealism School of Paris – Nouveau réalisme See also France portal Visual arts
List of French artistic movements
List_of_French_artistic_movements
style had become established. The style was a combination of Tachisme, Surrealism, Informal and dripping. Large-format oil paintings were created using
Alfred_Lenica
French painter (1934-1989)
Serrier (18 October 1934 – 30 March 1989) was a French painter known for surrealism and absurdist art. He was born in the Montparnasse district of Paris,
Jean_Pierre_Serrier
Native American painter (1955–2022)
experiences. Denomie described his narrative painting style as "metaphorical surrealism". His paintings frequently examine historical and contemporary events
Jim_Denomie
American and French visual artist (1890–1976)
Networking Surrealism in the USA: Agents, Artists, and the Market. arthistoricum.net. ISBN 978-3-947449-50-7. Wendy A. Grossman, "Surrealism and the Marketing
Man_Ray
Liminal internet aesthetic
Writing for the magazine in 2021, Jack Riewe associated the aesthetic with surrealism, isolation, uncertainty and questioning reality. The publication reported
Dreamcore_(aesthetic)
Canadian philosopher
known for his work on Hegel's reception in France. French Hegel: From Surrealism to Postmodernism (New York and London: Routledge, 2003) Existential Monday:
Bruce_Baugh_(philosopher)
French poet and writer (1880–1918)
as one of the most impassioned defenders of Cubism and a forefather of Surrealism. He is credited with coining the term "Cubism" in 1911 to describe the
Guillaume_Apollinaire
Danish painter, sculptor and filmmaker (1909–1995)
along a somewhat abstract line, he soon turned towards a more realistic surrealism, only to later return to abstract art. Some of his works were highly controversial
Wilhelm_Freddie
French illustrator, designer, and photographer (1892–1972)
1920 and 1937, they lived in Paris, where they became involved with the surrealism movement and contributed to avant-garde theater activities. They took
Marcel_Moore
Schwitters, 1919, painted collage, Dada Max Ernst, 1921, Surrealism André Masson, 1922, early Surrealism Marcel Duchamp, came to international prominence in
History_of_painting
British artist (1906–1999)
University of Nice and author of Surrealism in Britain, describes her influence as "of the same importance to British surrealism as the arrival of Dalí in the
Emmy_Bridgwater
American comedy duo
comedy deadpan humor shock humor anti-comedy cringe comedy black comedy surrealism comedy horror Members Tim Heidecker Eric Wareheim Website www.timanderic
Tim_&_Eric
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