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Form of type polymorphism
its own subtyping relation, which may well be trivial, should the language support no (or very little) conversion mechanisms. Due to the subtyping relation
Subtyping
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up subtype in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Subtype may refer to: Viral subtypes, such as Subtypes of HIV Subtyping, a form of type polymorphism
Subtype
In object-oriented programming, behavioral subtyping is the principle that subclasses should satisfy the expectations of clients accessing subclass objects
Behavioral_subtyping
Process of deriving classes from, and organizing them into, a hierarchy
with subtyping. In some languages, generally statically-typed class-based OO languages, like C++, C#, Java, and Scala, inheritance and subtyping agree
Inheritance (object-oriented programming)
Inheritance_(object-oriented_programming)
Object-oriented programming principle
principle (LSP) is a particular definition of a subtyping relation, called strong behavioral subtyping, that was initially introduced by Barbara Liskov
Liskov_substitution_principle
Using one interface or symbol with regards to multiple different types
instead uses abstract symbols that can substitute for any type. Subtyping (also called subtype polymorphism or inclusion polymorphism): when a name denotes
Polymorphism (computer science)
Polymorphism_(computer_science)
Major class of type system in computer science
isomorphic to an existing type. In a similar fashion, nominal subtyping means that one type is a subtype of another if and only if it is explicitly declared to
Nominal_type_system
Programming language concept
"list of Cat" will be a subtype of "list of Animal", because the list type constructor is covariant. This means that the subtyping relation of the simple
Type_variance
Class of type systems
type, which is invoked implicitly. Structural subtyping is arguably more flexible than nominative subtyping, as it permits the creation of ad hoc types
Structural_type_system
Variants of the human immunodeficiency virus
There are two main subtypes of HIV, known as HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV type 2 (HIV-2). These subtypes have distinct genetic differences and are associated
Subtypes_of_HIV
Type system
the subtype hierarchy. However, because subtyping is transitive, that results in every type becoming related to every other type, and so subtyping would
Gradual_typing
Programming which all objects are created by classes
arises precisely because subclassing implies subtyping even in the instances where the principle of subtyping, known as the Liskov substitution principle
Class_(programming)
American computer scientist
principle, which applies these ideas to object-oriented programming, subtyping, and inheritance. Her work was recognized with the 2008 Turing Award,
Barbara_Liskov
Topics referred to by the same term
implementation Bounded quantification, restricts type parameters to a range of subtypes Subtyping, different classes related by some common superclass can be used in
Polymorphism
Applying polymorphic functions to arguments of different types
at compile time, it is not a substitute for late binding as found in subtyping polymorphism. The previous section notwithstanding, there are other ways
Ad_hoc_polymorphism
Type of programming language
and behavior as an object. A language that also supports inheritance or subtyping is classified as object-oriented. Even though object-oriented programming
Object-based_language
Type system used in computer programming and mathematics
types of polymorphism, namely subtyping in connection with object-oriented programming and overloading. While subtyping is incompatible with HM, a variant
Hindley–Milner_type_system
Subsumption relationship between abstractions
another class B (and so B is a superclass of A). In other words, type A is a subtype of type B when A's specification implies B's specification. That is, any
Is-a
Curve that winds around a central point
a point, moving further away as it revolves around the point. It is a subtype of whorled patterns, a broad group that also includes concentric objects
Spiral
Epidemiology method
data privacy. Microbial subtyping or strain typing is the use of laboratory methods to assign microbial samples to subtypes, which are predefined classifications
Source_attribution
Spoken interjection in English
with four subtypes. The first is used to elicit confirmation (1a), which can be used in sentences like "So that's what he thinks, eh?" A subtype of this
Eh
Feature of some programming languages
as a term's declared or inferred type (or base type in a language with subtyping) is used to determine which of several possibilities will be used at a
Multiple_dispatch
Hardware verification language
mechanisms in e. Subtyping is the prime example of what object-oriented languages without aspect-oriented features can not accomplish. Subtyping allows a verification
E_(verification_language)
Programming paradigm based on objects
are created. In fact, subtype polymorphism as enforced by the type checker in OOP languages cannot guarantee behavioral subtyping in most if not all contexts
Object-oriented_programming
Type of classical male vocal range
(G2 to G4) in operatic music, but the range can extend at either end. Subtypes of baritone include the baryton-Martin baritone (light baritone), lyric
Baritone
Subtype of influenza A virus
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) is a subtype of the influenza A virus, which causes the disease avian influenza (often referred to as "bird flu")
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H5N1
Chemical compound
glands. It can be used as a biomarker for guiding primary aldosteronism subtyping in adrenal vein sampling where blood samples are taken from both adrenal
11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione
Subtype of Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1) is a subtype of influenza A virus (IAV). Some human-adapted strains of H1N1 are endemic in humans and are one cause
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H1N1
Ionotropic receptor and ligand-gated ion channel
channel family with a dozen or more heterotetrametric subtypes and 19 distinct subunits. These subtypes have distinct brain regional and subcellular localization
GABAA_receptor
Personality disorder
and consequences. Empirical evidence suggests several subtypes of NPD may exist (see the Subtypes section below), but in general, the disorder is known
Narcissistic personality disorder
Narcissistic_personality_disorder
American serial killer (1946–1989)
remorse or empathy at all." Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and its subtype malignant narcissism have both been proposed as alternative diagnoses in
Ted_Bundy
Bleeding within the skull
subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural hemorrhage, and subdural hematoma. Each subtype has distinct causes, clinical features, and treatment approaches. Acute
Intracranial_hemorrhage
Chemical compound
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) selective for the α4β3δ subtype, which is not targeted by other GABAA receptor PAMs such as the benzodiazepines
DS-1_(drug)
Gland-forming cancer
resected lung cancer with emphasis on the relevance of the adenocarcinoma subtyping". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 81 (6): 1988–95. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.01
Acinar_adenocarcinoma
Species of virus
the disease spreads depends on the subtype of the VEE virus and the density of mosquito populations. Enzootic subtypes of VEE are diseases endemic to certain
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
Venezuelan_equine_encephalitis_virus
Human retrovirus, cause of AIDS
infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. In most cases, HIV is a sexually transmitted infection and is transmitted
HIV
Style of dynamic typing in object-oriented programming
to Elm". Retrieved 30 January 2017. "PEP 544 – Protocols: Structural subtyping (static duck typing)". Archived from the original on 19 October 2022.
Duck_typing
Model of the human psyche used as a personality typology
personality types is understood as having three "instinctual subtypes". These subtypes are believed to be formed according to which one of three instinctual
Enneagram_of_Personality
Proteins activated by the hormone estrogen
and five ERβ isoforms have been identified. The ERβ isoforms receptor subtypes can transactivate transcription only when a heterodimer with the functional
Estrogen_receptor
Medical condition
2023[update], subtypes of the condition are still being determined. A 2023 review article in the American Journal of Clinical Dermatology lists four subtypes: Conventional
Cholinergic_urticaria
Subtype of serotonin receptor
The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and functions as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)
5-HT2A_receptor
Group of lymphoproliferative disorders
present. The clinical utility of subtyping Castleman disease by histologic features is uncertain, as histologic subtypes do not consistently predict disease
Castleman_disease
Country in South America
tropical. According to the Köppen system, Brazil hosts six major climatic subtypes: desert, equatorial, tropical, semiarid, oceanic and subtropical. The different
Brazil
Collapsed core of a massive star
A neutron star is the gravitationally collapsed core of a massive supergiant star. It results from the supernova explosion of a massive star—combined with
Neutron_star
Chemical compound
a drug which acts as a selective antagonist for the serotonin receptor subtype 5-HT1D, with around 60x selectivity over other related receptors. The 5-HT1D
BRL-15572
G protein-coupled receptor
three highly homologous subtypes, α1A-, α1B-, and α1D-adrenergic. There is no α1C receptor. At one time, there was a subtype known as α1C, but it was
Alpha-1_adrenergic_receptor
Outdated grouping of human beings
type" which he considered to be distinct from Caucasians, rather than a subtype of it as others had done. While Blumenbach had erroneously thought that
Caucasian_race
German submarine class of World War II
the Atlantic during World War II. The Type VII came in several subtypes: The first subtype VIIA had some shortcomings in handling, range and armament, and
Type_VII_submarine
Basis of generic programming
polymorphism, parameters can be constrained to be subtypes of a given type (see the articles Subtype polymorphism and Generic programming). Parametricity
Parametric_polymorphism
Autoimmune disease
studies and examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. There are several subtypes based on the areas of weakness, results of nerve conduction studies, and
Guillain–Barré_syndrome
Psychological disorder
substantiated evidence. The condition encompasses two primary clinical subtypes: obsessional jealousy and delusional jealousy, the latter also referred
Pathological_jealousy
Chemical compound
SCH-79687 is a histamine antagonist selective for the H3 subtype. McLeod, RL; Rizzo, CA; West, RE Jr; Aslanian, R; McCormick, K; Bryant, M; Hsieh, Y;
SCH-79687
Feature of some programming languages
overloading Parametric polymorphism Generic function Generic programming Subtyping Virtual function Single and dynamic dispatch Double dispatch Multiple
Operator_overloading
Classical male singing voice
(B♭2 to C5) in operatic music – but the range can extend at either end. Subtypes of the tenor include the leggero tenor, lyric tenor, spinto tenor, dramatic
Tenor
Topics referred to by the same term
animal, as experienced by the therian subculture, sometimes considered a subtype of otherkinity Theria, a subclass of mammals referred to as 'therians'
Therianthropy
Third planet from the Sun
continental and cold polar), which are further divided into more specific subtypes. The Köppen system rates regions based on observed temperature and precipitation
Earth
Type of classical male singing voice
A bass is a type of classical male singing voice and has the lowest vocal range of all voice types. According to The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, a bass
Bass_(voice_type)
Types constrained by a predicate
\mathbb {N} \,|\,n>5\}} . Refinement types are thus related to behavioral subtyping. The concept of refinement types was first introduced in Freeman and Pfenning's
Refinement_type
Rare neurodegenerative disease
at a unique place at the intersection of these complex and overlapping subtypes, which presents a challenge to diagnosis, understanding, and prognosis
ALS
Species of prokaryote
not toxigenic. Strain subtyping involves comparing species of bacteria and categorizing them into subspecies. Strain subtyping also helps with identifying
Corynebacterium_diphtheriae
Eating disorder characterized by overeating
compensatory behaviors common to bulimia nervosa, OSFED, or the binge–purge subtype of anorexia nervosa. BED is a recently identified condition, distinguished
Binge_eating_disorder
Chemical compound
hypnotic. U-90042 is a GABAA agonist acting primarily at the α1, α3 and α6 subtypes, with a Ki of 7.8nM at α1, 9.5nM at α3 and 11.0nM at α6. It produces sedation
U-90042
Species of virus
exists within viral subtypes which may lead to significant differences in behavior. Due to the high variability of the virus, subtyping is not sufficient
Influenza_A_virus
Common type of rain cloud
A nimbostratus cloud is a multilevel, amorphous, nearly uniform, and often dark-grey cloud that usually produces continuous rain, snow, or sleet, but no
Nimbostratus_cloud
Inflammation of the eyelid
Blepharitis, sometimes known as granulated eyelids, is one of the most common ocular conditions characterized by inflammation, scaling, reddening, and
Blepharitis
Chemical compound
five muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes but has greater agonistic activity at the M1 and M4 subtypes. Xanomeline/trospium (Cobenfy), is a combination
Xanomeline
Central nervous system stimulant
these cells. Methamphetamine binds to and activates both sigma receptor subtypes, σ1 and σ2, with micromolar affinity. Sigma receptor activation may promote
Methamphetamine
Chemical compound
many older GABAA agonists, saripidem is highly subtype selective and binds primarily to the ω1 subtype. Sanger DJ (March 1995). "Behavioural effects of
Saripidem
American psychologist
personality disorder subtypes Schizotypal personality disorder subtypes Schizoid personality disorder subtypes Paranoid personality disorder subtypes Antisocial
Theodore_Millon
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
SM, Zeighami Y, Dagher A, et al. (July 2017). "Clinical criteria for subtyping Parkinson's disease: biomarkers and longitudinal progression". Brain.
Parkinson's_disease
Disconnect of the target of sexual arousal from the self
Aegosexuality is a subtype of asexuality characterized by a lack of desire to have sex or form sexual relationships with others while still experiencing
Aegosexuality
Chinese script widely used in the Han dynasty
clerical often refers to a specific calligraphic style that is typical of a subtype of the clerical script, the Han clerical (汉隶; 漢隸) or bafen (八分) script
Clerical_script
Medical condition
mineralocorticoid deficiency is present or absent, respectively. This subtyping is often not clinically meaningful, because all patients with classical
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia_due_to_21-hydroxylase_deficiency
Extent to which a programming language discourages type errors
The precise requirement is more subtle than this — see, for example, subtyping and polymorphism for complications. Intuitively, type soundness is captured
Type_safety
Female urogenital fissure
Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a subtype of female urogenital fistula. Vesicovaginal fistula, or VVF, is an abnormal fistulous tract extending between
Vesicovaginal_fistula
Category in the Köppen climate classification system
in question must not be semi-arid or arid. The cooler Dfb, Dwb, and Dsb subtypes are also known as hemiboreal climates. Although amount of snowfall is not
Humid_continental_climate
Planet much larger than the Earth
A giant planet is a diverse type of planet much larger than Earth. It is sometimes referred to as a jovian planet, with Jove being another name for the
Giant_planet
Hallucinogenic class of psychoactive drug
PMID 19889983. Yoshida H, Kanamaru C, Ohtani A, Senzaki K, Shiga T (2011). "Subtype specific roles of serotonin receptors in the spine formation of cortical
Psychedelic_drug
Reluctance or refusal of vaccines
potentially dangerous. Because of similarities between the 2009 influenza A subtype H1N1 virus and the 1976 influenza A/NJ virus many countries established
Vaccine_hesitancy
Cognitive decline
disorder, with varying degrees of severity (mild to major) and many forms or subtypes. The condition has a significant effect on the individual, their caregivers
Dementia
Neurodevelopmental disorder
are not considered to be a symptom of ADHD for that person. In DSM-5, subtypes were discarded and reclassified as presentations of the disorder that change
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
[citation needed] The datasets are made available as various sorted types and subtypes.[citation needed] The data portal is classified based on its type of license
List of datasets for machine-learning research
List_of_datasets_for_machine-learning_research
City and municipality in Catalonia, Spain
wetter than February, which is unusual for the Mediterranean climate. This subtype, labelled as "Portuguese" by the French geographer George Viers after the
Barcelona
Class of proteins
CREB-TF (CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein) is a cellular transcription factor. It binds to certain DNA sequences called cAMP response elements
CREB
"Amulet" in Filipino
Agimat, also known as anting or folklorized as anting-anting, is a Filipino word for "amulet" or "charm". Anting-anting is also a Filipino system of magic
Agimat
Historical autism classification
classification and diagnostic guidelines for psychiatric conditions. The DSM-5-TR subtypes autism into three levels based on support needs. Autism Level 1 has the
High-functioning_autism
Lung disease involving long-term poor airflow
condition with clinical features of both asthma and COPD, is another proposed subtype of COPD. It is considered by some to be a separate medical condition. A
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease
Protein found in humans
retinoic acid receptor, alpha subtype, a transcription factor. There are another two subtypes of RARs: beta and gamma subtypes. Retinoid signaling is transduced
Retinoic_acid_receptor_alpha
Far-right authoritarian political ideology
were members of the Aryan Race, composed of a mixed Nordic-Mediterranean subtype. In 1938, Mussolini declared upon Italy's adoption of antisemitic laws
Fascism
Climate classification
The polar climate regions are characterized by a lack of warm summers but with varying winters. Every month a polar climate has an average temperature
Polar_climate
Mood disorder
ancient idea of melancholia still survives in the notion of a melancholic subtype. The new definitions of depression were widely accepted, albeit with some
Major_depressive_disorder
Branch of type theory
{\displaystyle (\vdash _{\text{BCD}})} introduces the intersection type subtyping ( ≤ ) {\displaystyle (\leq )} partial order on types together with a corresponding
Intersection_type_discipline
Personality disorder involving mistrust of others
the official diagnoses. Psychologist Theodore Millon has proposed five subtypes of paranoid personality: Treatment of paranoid personality disorder can
Paranoid_personality_disorder
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
humans is encoded by the HTR1B gene. The 5-HT1B receptor is a 5-HT receptor subtype. 5-HT1B receptors are widely distributed throughout the central nervous
5-HT1B_receptor
Light rail car used in Germany
The Stadtbahnwagen Typ B (translation Type "B" Light Rail Vehicle, short form B-Wagen) is a light rail vehicle used by several Stadtbahn networks in the
Stadtbahnwagen_B
Chemical compound
subtype 1 (M1) discovered in 2008. It is an allosteric agonist, exhibiting over 100-fold specificity for M1 over other muscarinic receptor subtypes.
77-LH-28-1
Medical condition of the brain
of the disease. As PSP advances to a fully symptomatic stage, many PSP subtypes eventually exhibit the clinical characteristics of PSP-RS. PSP of all phenotypes
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Progressive_supranuclear_palsy
Drug
agonist efficacy at the 5-HT2C subtype, and lower affinity and partial agonist action at the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B subtypes. DEIMDHPCA 2,3-Dichlorophenylpiperazine
CPD-1
Highest award for the imperial examinations of China
Jinshi (Chinese: 進士; pinyin: jìnshì) was the highest and final degree in the imperial examination in Imperial China. The examination was usually taken
Jinshi
Benign lesion on the side of the tongue due to Epstein-Barr virus
definition of leukoplakia is used, hairy leukoplakia is sometimes considered a subtype of leukoplakia, or a distinct diagnosis. There are no symptoms associated
Hairy_leukoplakia
SUBTYPING
SUBTYPING
SUBTYPING
SUBTYPING
Girl/Female
Hawaiian
From the city of Adrian.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : apparently a variant of Huby, a habitational name from either of two places so called in North Yorkshire. Huby near Easingwold is named from Old English hÅh + Old Scandinavian bý ‘settlement’, while Huby near Stainburn is name with the Old French personal name Hu(gh)e (see Hugh) + Old Scandinavian bý.Possibly an altered spelling of German Hubbe, a short form of Hubert. In the U.S. it is found chiefly in TX and IN.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Cool Wind
Boy/Male
Cambodian
tree.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Lord of the Body
Boy/Male
Muslim
Guardian, Protector
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Menachem, MENAHEM means "comforter." In the bible, this is the name of a king of Israel who was notorious for his cruelty.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Celebrity, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Without Comparison; Incomparable; Unique
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Entertaining; Soft-spoken
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Waterfalls
SUBTYPING
SUBTYPING
SUBTYPING
SUBTYPING
SUBTYPING