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Short term magnetosphere disturbance
A substorm, sometimes referred to as a magnetospheric substorm or an auroral substorm, is a brief disturbance in the Earth's magnetosphere that causes
Substorm
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission began in February 2007 as a constellation of five NASA satellites
THEMIS
Planned Chinese–European satellite
the processes defining the substorm cycle, and how coronal mass ejection-driven storms develop and relate to substorms. The mission will observe the
SMILE_(spacecraft)
Atmospheric optical phenomenon, which appears as a light ribbon in the sky
"STEVE"" "Magnetospheric Conditions for STEVE and SAID: Particle Injection, Substorm Surge, and Field-Aligned Currents" "Neutral Wind Dynamics Preceding the
STEVE
Atmospheric effect caused by the solar wind
solar wind causes distortions of the magnetotail ("magnetic substorms"). These 'substorms' tend to occur after prolonged spells (on the order of hours)
Aurora
Spacecraft electrostatic charge eliminator
I; Hones, E. W (1978). "Multiple-satellite studies of magnetospheric substorms - Plasma sheet recovery and the poleward leap of auroral zone activity"
Plasma_contactor
Third planet from the Sun
random, but contained in the magnetosphere. During magnetic storms and substorms, charged particles can be deflected from the outer magnetosphere and especially
Earth
Zone of energetic charged particles around the planet Earth
Haje; Baker, Daniel N. (2015). "MESSENGER observations of magnetospheric substorm activity in Mercury's near magnetotail". Geophysical Research Letters.
Van_Allen_radiation_belt
Stream of charged particles from the Sun
radiation belt Ring current Birkeland current Magnetic storm Aurora GIC Dst Substorm Space tornado Space hurricane Polar wind Flux transfer event Solar phenomena
Solar_wind
Intense radio radiation from an aurora
coupling. AKR emission famously extends to lower frequencies relating to substorm activity. AKR was first observed in the 1960s by Earth orbiting spacecraft
Auroral_kilometric_radiation
Eruption of electromagnetic radiation
radiation belt Ring current Birkeland current Magnetic storm Aurora GIC Dst Substorm Space tornado Space hurricane Polar wind Flux transfer event Solar phenomena
Solar_flare
Series of intense solar storms in 2024
storm Geomagnetically induced current Disturbance storm time index K-index Substorm Dungey Cycle Space hurricane Space tornado Ring current Magnetic pulsations
May_2024_solar_storms
Electromagnetic wave phenomenon
are generally injected into the inner magnetosphere at the onset of the substorm expansion phase. Dawn choruses occur more frequently during magnetic storms
Dawn_chorus_(electromagnetic)
Surface of magnetic polarity change
radiation belt Ring current Birkeland current Magnetic storm Aurora GIC Dst Substorm Space tornado Space hurricane Polar wind Flux transfer event Solar phenomena
Heliospheric_current_sheet
Temporary spots on the Sun's surface
radiation belt Ring current Birkeland current Magnetic storm Aurora GIC Dst Substorm Space tornado Space hurricane Polar wind Flux transfer event Solar phenomena
Sunspot
NASA/ISAS spacecraft
mid November 1994 and then to 30 R🜨 in February 1995 in order to study substorm processes in the near-Earth tail region. The present orbit is 9 R🜨 × 30 R🜨
Geotail
Heliophysicist
years apart. Fox, Nicola Justine (1995). Ionospheric convection during substorms (PhD thesis). University of London. hdl:10044/1/104251. OCLC 53652582
Nicola_Fox
turbulence in solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and magnetospheric substorms are major unsolved problems in space plasma physics. Ball lightning: the
List of unsolved problems in physics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics
Cavity in the solar wind created by Saturn
move down the tail and escape from the magnetosphere. The reconnection or substorm process is thought to be under the control of the solar wind and Saturn's
Magnetosphere_of_Saturn
European Space Agency space mission
beams and disruptions to the magnetic field-aligned currents caused by substorms. The precipitation of charged particles in the atmosphere creates a ring
Cluster_II_(spacecraft)
List of space missions by NASA
operational Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), launched February 2007, operational Small Explorer program (SMEX)
List_of_NASA_missions
Currents flowing along geomagnetic field lines
Birkeland currents changes with activity in the magnetosphere (e.g. during substorms). Small scale variations in the upward current sheets (downward flowing
Birkeland_current
Science of the heliosphere
radiation belt Ring current Birkeland current Magnetic storm Aurora GIC Dst Substorm Space tornado Space hurricane Polar wind Flux transfer event Solar phenomena
Heliophysics
Ground level manifestation of space weather
geomagnetic disturbances which induce GICs include geomagnetic storms and substorms where the most severe disturbances occur at high geomagnetic latitudes
Geomagnetically induced current
Geomagnetically_induced_current
International collaboration to study the ionosphere
field aligned currents, magnetic reconnection, geomagnetic storms and substorms, magnetospheric MHD waves, mesospheric winds via meteor ionization trails
SuperDARN
Yosuke, eds. (2005). "What Determines the Intensity of Magnetospheric Substorms?". Multiscale Coupling of Sun-Earth Processes (1st ed.). Elsevier. pp
List_of_solar_storms
Sending probes to the solar system's smallest major planet
features reminiscent of the aurorae, radiation belts and magnetospheric substorms observed on Earth? Since the advance of Mercury's perihelion was explained
Exploration_of_Mercury
Norwegian scientist (1867–1917)
Birkeland–Eyde process Research on Aurora borealis Coilgun Solar wind Substorm Spouse Ida Charlotte Hammer Scientific career Fields Physics Institutions
Kristian_Birkeland
American geophysicist (1933–2023)
H.; Ness, N. F. (1970). "Configuration of the geomagnetic tail during substorms". Journal of Geophysical Research. 75 (34): 7032–7047. Bibcode:1970JGR
Norman_F._Ness
Puerto Rican scientist
magnetospheric storms and substorms, and space weather prediction. He has worked extensively on magnetospheric substorms, which are the episodic release
Ramón_E._López
Discoveries about the magnetosphere
expand Birkeland's notion of a "polar magnetic storm", now named "magnetic substorm." 1971 - Ionospheric O+ ions found among energetic particles trapped in
Magnetosphere_chronology
NASA mission to Mercury
Observe magnetotail dynamics, including phenomena possibly analogous to substorms in the Earth's magnetosphere. Characterize the magnetopause structure
MESSENGER
Magnetic field around the Jovian system
the magnetic substorms in the Earth's magnetosphere. The difference seems to be their respective energy sources: terrestrial substorms involve storage
Magnetosphere_of_Jupiter
„Geomagnetism“, Clarendon Press, 1951 Akasofu, S.I., "Physics of Magnetospheric Substorms", Reidel, Dordrecht, 1977 Heppner, J.P., in Dyer, E.R. (ed), "Critical
Ionospheric_dynamo_region
Space physicist
F. J.; Smiddy, M. (1981). "Quantitative simulation of a magnetospheric substorm 1. Model logic and overview". Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Patricia_Reiff
Branch of space physics and aeronomy
phenomena is associated with space weather, including geomagnetic storms and substorms, energization of the Van Allen radiation belts, ionospheric disturbances
Space_weather
Process in plasma physics
into the Earth's vicinity and 'tail reconnection', which causes auroral substorms by injecting particles deep into the magnetosphere and releasing the energy
Magnetic_reconnection
Swedish earth observation satellite
distribution of magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction; auroral morphology and substorm dynamics; heating and expulsion of ionospheric plasma into the magnetosphere;
Viking_(satellite)
weather called a substorm that can abruptly and explosively release solar wind energy stored within Earth's magnetotail. Substorms cause auroras at high
Heliophysics_Science_Division
Space physicist
"Simultaneous ground and satellite observations of discrete auroral arcs, substorm aurora, and Alfvénic aurora with FAST and THEMIS GBO". Journal of Geophysical
Cynthia_Cattell
Solar windstorm
mission called Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), which deployed several probes to measure the strength of the
Space_tornado
Geomagnetic phenomenon
YuDuan "The mid-high latitude whistler mode chorus waves observed around substorm onsets", Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, October 2008
Auroral_chorus
NASA probe to study solar wind, at L1 since 1995
operational Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), launched 2007, still operational TRACE (Transition Region and
Wind_(spacecraft)
Pegasus-XL Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) 17 February 2007 NASA various Operational 5 spacecraft Delta
List_of_heliophysics_missions
Natural phenomena within the Sun's atmosphere
radiation belt Ring current Birkeland current Magnetic storm Aurora GIC Dst Substorm Space tornado Space hurricane Polar wind Flux transfer event Solar phenomena
Solar_phenomena
English geophysicist (born 1943)
McFadden; Davin Larson; et al. (24 July 2008). "Tail reconnection triggering substorm onset". Science. 321 (5891): 931–935. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..931A. doi:10
Christopher_T._Russell
March Successful First of three launches for the Auroral Waves Excited by Substorm Onset Magnetic Events (AWESOME) mission. 25 March 12:30 Black Brant XII-A
List of spaceflight launches in January–March 2025
List_of_spaceflight_launches_in_January–March_2025
Solar storms during solar cycle 20
extreme storming occurred locally later (some of these possibly within substorms), but arrival of subsequent CMEs with northward oriented magnetic fields
August_1972_solar_storms
British space scientist
sheet were later recognised as the source of the phenomenon of the auroral substorm cycle. The convection circulation in the ionosphere and magnetosphere for
James_Dungey
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
outflow, and the relationship between proton and electron auroras during substorms. When the spacecraft went silent in December 2005, it had already been
IMAGE_(spacecraft)
the THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) project. The results will be useful in planning for creating permanent
Amalka Supercomputing facility
Amalka_Supercomputing_facility
Atmospheric phenomenon
also known as a polarisation jet, is an atmospheric phenomenon driven by substorms in the Earth's magnetosphere. First discovered in 1971, a SAID is a latitudinally
Subauroral_ion_drift
2007.02.17 Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) Delta II 7925-10C Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch
List of Launch Services Program launches
List_of_Launch_Services_Program_launches
concerned electrodynamics of the auroral ionosphere during magnetospheric substorms. In 2005, Wild joined Lancaster University as a lecturer in physics before
Jim_Wild
the frequent injection of a hot plasma cloud is injected inward during a substorm in the outer layers of the magnetosphere. The injections occur predominantly
Interchange_instability
5C (SWE) S23L1 Substorm-Geos (267 km) 27 January 1979 Petrel 2 (UK) P215K S (180 km) 27 January 1979 Black Brant 8 (SWE) S23H Substorm-Geos (414 km) 27
List of rockets launched from Esrange
List_of_rockets_launched_from_Esrange
American physicist
medium energy neutral atom (MENA) Images of Earth's magnetosphere during substorm and storm-time". Geophysical Research Letters. 28 (6): 1147–1150. Bibcode:2001GeoRL
Mike_Gruntman
American physicist (1936–2023)
pp. 1–102. 231. Elkins, Terence J. (18 July 1972). A model of auroral substorm absorption (AFCRL-TR-72-0413) (PDF) (Technical report). Environmental Research
Terence_James_Elkins
Geophysicist and climatologist (born 1930)
ISI highly cited researcher. Akasofu, S.-I., Polar and Magnetospheric Substorms, D. Reidel Pub. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, 1968, (also a Russian edition)
Syun-Ichi_Akasofu
Physicist
Hamilton, D. C. (1 March 1992). "Pressure changes in the plasma sheet during substorm injections". Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 97 (A3): 2973–2983
Lynn_Kistler
Topics referred to by the same term
Saturn THEMIS, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms a constellation of five NASA satellites launched in 2007 Thermal Emission
Themis_(disambiguation)
Research facility in the United States
(RHESSI) satellite Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellite constellation Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer (FAST)
Space_Sciences_Laboratory
Study of how space conditions affect spacecraft
the region of the geostationary orbit becomes heated during geomagnetic substorms caused by disturbances in the solar wind. "Hot" electrons (with energies
Space_environment
Japanese geoscientist
doctoral studies, working on aurora dynamics associated with magnetospheric substorms. These included pseduobreakup and major expansion onset storms. After
Rumi_Nakamura
American Earth and planetary scientist
working with space physicist Vania Jordanova analyzing magnetospheric substorms using the NASA/ESA Cluster spacecraft, and space physicist Antoinette
Catherine Walker (US scientist)
Catherine_Walker_(US_scientist)
British space weather researcher
co-investigator of NASA's Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms project (THEMIS). In 2011, Mann co-developed equipment for the Canadian
Ian_Mann
propagation - spray (solar physics) - spread spectrum - stratosphere - substorm - sudden ionospheric disturbance (SID) - sunspot - sunspot cycle - sunspot
Index of radio propagation articles
Index_of_radio_propagation_articles
NASA science spacecraft which studied the polar magnetosphere until 2008
For the first time the entire sequence of events initiated by magnetic substorms to the generation of the aurora was observed in detail. Analysis of the
Polar_(satellite)
Widely used scientific instrument aboard satellites and probes
stands for Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms is an array of five satellites which hope to gather more precise history
Spacecraft_magnetometer
et al. (1 August 1998). "Current understanding of magnetic storms: Storm-substorm relationships". Journal of Geophysical Research. 103 (A8): 17705–17728
Jo_Ann_Joselyn
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
main-phase magnetic storms Study the relation between magnetic storms, substorms, and the acceleration of charged particles within the inner magnetosphere
Explorer_45
British physicist
ethos.696997. Fox, Nicola Justine (1995). Ionospheric convection during substorms (PhD thesis). University of London. hdl:10044/1/104251. OCLC 53652582
Stan_Cowley
Sunward-traveling plasma voids observed in the Sun's outer atmosphere
(2008-09-01). "Posteruptive phenomena in coronal mass ejections and substorms: Indicators of a universal process?". Journal of Geophysical Research:
Supra-arcade_downflows
2006. THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms) was designed to track disturbances in the Earth's magnetosphere using
Swales_Aerospace
Astronomer
E. (2008-09-01)."Posteruptive phenomena in coronal mass ejections and substorms: Indicators of a universal process?". Journal of Geophysical Research:
Katharine_Reeves
American scientist
Kennel and Ernest S. Abers – Boston : Allyn and Bacon Convection And Substorms: Paradigms Of Magnetospheric Phenomenology – 1996 – Oxford University
Charles_Kennel
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Girl/Female
Arabic, Christian, Swahili
Woman; Life; Alive; Lively
Male
Native American
(Chas-chunk-a) Native American Winnebago name CHASCHUNKA means "wave."
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian
Sweet Friend
Boy/Male
Biblical, Indian
A Son who Beholds
Girl/Female
Tamil
Cute, Gem, Joyous song
Boy/Male
Tamil
Neelanjan | நீலஂஜந
Blue, With blue eyes
Girl/Female
Hindu
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Bigger.Perhaps German : from a variant of a personal name formed with Germanic pichan ‘to hack or stab’.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Farsi, Iranian, Muslim, Pakistani, Parsi
Sweet
Female
Portuguese
Galician-Portuguese feminine form of Roman Latin Antonius, possibly ANTÃA means "invaluable."Â
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