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Sterilization effected by government coercion
Compulsory sterilization, also known as forced or coerced sterilization, refers to any government-mandated program to involuntarily sterilize a specific
Compulsory_sterilization
Topics referred to by the same term
micro-organisms Soil steam sterilization, a farming technique that sterilizes soil with steam in open fields or greenhouses Sterilization (medicine) renders a
Sterilization
Process that eliminates all biological agents on an object or in a volume
object. Sterilization can be achieved through various means, including heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration. Sterilization is distinct
Sterilization_(microbiology)
Medical technique that intentionally leaves a person unable to reproduce
option. Sterilization procedures are intended to be permanent; reversal is generally difficult. There are multiple ways of having sterilization done. The
Sterilization_(medicine)
"Race improvement" as historically sought in the US
Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, allowing for the compulsory sterilization of patients of state mental institutions. The number of sterilizations performed
Eugenics_in_the_United_States
Controversial medical practice in US
women were misled into believing that the sterilization procedure was reversible. In yet other cases, sterilization was performed without the adequate understanding
Sterilization of Native American women
Sterilization_of_Native_American_women
Pressurised heating apparatus
F0 (F-nought) value to control the sterilization cycle. F0 values are set for the number of minutes of sterilization equivalent to 121 °C (250 °F) at 103 kPa
Autoclave
Use of dry, hot air to eliminate pathogens
Dry heat sterilization of an object is one of the earliest forms of sterilization practiced. It uses hot air that is either free from water vapor or has
Dry_heat_sterilization
Domesticated species of canid
An average litter consists of about six puppies. Neutering is the sterilization of animals via gonadectomy, which is an orchidectomy (castration) in
Dog
subtle forms such as that of constrained choice. Coerced sterilization is defined as any sterilization procedure performed without the patient's full, free
Sterilization_of_Latinas
Surgical clipping, removal or blocking of the fallopian tubes
considered a permanent method of sterilization and birth control by the FDA. Bilateral tubal ligation is not considered a sterilization method by the MHRA.[citation
Tubal_ligation
communities. Compulsory sterilization is the unwanted and/or nonconsensual sterilization of both men and women. The main form of sterilization for women is tubal
Compulsory sterilization of disabled people in the U.S. prison system
Compulsory_sterilization_of_disabled_people_in_the_U.S._prison_system
Series of human experiments in Nazi Germany
method of sterilization which would be suitable for sterilizing millions of people with a minimum of time and effort. The targets for sterilization included
Nazi_human_experimentation
that forced sterilization of ethnic Uyghurs persisted since the 1980s. Since 2014, there was an indication for a sharp increase in sterilization of Uyghur
Persecution of Uyghurs in China
Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China
History and regulation of human sterilization practices in Switzerland
Human sterilization in Switzerland refers to the historical and contemporary practices of surgical sterilization and castration, both voluntary and forced
Human sterilization in Switzerland
Human_sterilization_in_Switzerland
Economic action taken by a central bank
In macroeconomics, sterilization is action taken by a country's central bank to counter the effects on the money supply caused by a balance of payments
Sterilization_(economics)
state in the United States to enact a sterilization law. By 1921, California had accounted for 80% of sterilizations nationwide. This continued until the
Eugenics_in_California
Sterilization technique
Moist heat sterilization describes sterilization techniques that use hot water vapor as a sterilizing agent. Heating an article is one of the earliest
Moist_heat_sterilization
opposition to sterilization arose in the mainland United States from organizations such as the Young Lords, the Committee to End Sterilization Abuse (CESA)
U.S. sterilization policies in Puerto Rico
U.S._sterilization_policies_in_Puerto_Rico
1982 film by Ana María García
US-imposed sterilization policies in Puerto Rico. Produced by the Latin American Film Project and released in 1982, this film explores the mass sterilization of
La_Operación
American eugenicist (1880–1943)
study of American sterilization policy, Eugenical Sterilization in the United States. It included as subjects for eugenic sterilization: the feeble-minded
Harry_H._Laughlin
sterilizations, unlike other states. The impact of sterilization was not as substantial as Dight had hoped it would be. Dight had hoped to sterilize nearly
Eugenics_in_Minnesota
Removal of an animal's reproductive organ
are known to sterilize male dogs. Zeuterin was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for permanent sterilization of male dogs
Neutering
1927 US Supreme Court sterilization case
her sterilized. The ruling found that the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924 did not violate the U.S. Constitution and legitimized the sterilization procedures
Buck_v._Bell
Peruvian forced sterilization campaign
administration of President Alberto Fujimori, Peru implemented a forced sterilization campaign as part of the National Population Program, primarily targeting
Forced_sterilization_in_Peru
American woman jailed for refusing sterilization
be forcibly sterilized. Many women of color across the United States who were asked to submit to sterilization, coerced into sterilization, or did not
Nancy_Hernandez
1924 U.S. state law allowing compulsory sterilization for eugenic purposes
The Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924 was a U.S. state law in Virginia for the sterilization of institutionalized persons "afflicted with hereditary forms
Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924
Virginia_Sterilization_Act_of_1924
Hospital facility
withstand the high temperatures of steam sterilization. ETO sterilization takes far longer than steam sterilization and is hazardous to workers, so alternative
Central sterile services department
Central_sterile_services_department
Controversial medical practice in Canada
The legal basis for compulsory sterilization in Canada can be traced back to the passage of the Sexual Sterilization Act in Alberta in 1928. This legislation
Compulsory sterilization in Canada
Compulsory_sterilization_in_Canada
American heiress and historical figure
court-ordered sterilization, did not directly lead to any specific legislative changes, but increased public awareness and scrutiny of sterilization practices
Ann_Cooper_Hewitt
Sterilization law is the area of law, that concerns a person's purported right to choose or refuse reproductive sterilization and when a given government
Sterilization law in the United States
Sterilization_law_in_the_United_States
Nazi court enforcing sterilization
legislation. The German Sterilization Law was affected by the California sterilization law and modelled after the Model Eugenic Sterilization Law but was more
Hereditary_Health_Court
Sterile food processing technique
Aseptic processing involves three primary steps: thermal sterilization of the product, sterilization of the packaging material, and conservation of sterility
Aseptic_processing
Species of bacterium
commonly used as a challenge organism for sterilization validation studies and periodic check of sterilization cycles. The biological indicator contains
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Geobacillus_stearothermophilus
1928 law in Alberta, Canada
decline. During the time the Sexual Sterilization Act was in effect, 4,800 cases were proposed for sterilization in the Province of Alberta, of which
Sexual_Sterilization_Act
Former psychiatric hospital in Staunton, Virginia, United States
compulsory sterilization. As superintendent of Western State Hospital and founder of the sanitarium, he supported the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924
Dejarnette_Sanitarium
Highest court of jurisdiction in the U.S
citizenship) Lochner v. New York (1905, labor law) Buck v. Bell (1927, forced sterilization) Wickard v. Filburn (1942, interstate commerce) Korematsu v. U.S. (1944
Supreme Court of the United States
Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
African-American sisters involuntarily sterilized in 1973
color were a major target of coerced sterilization in the United States. In North Carolina, 65% of sterilization operations were performed on African
Relf_sisters
Nazi German policy of the murder of "undesirable" persons
had subjected more people to forceful sterilization than all other U.S. states combined. The forced sterilization program engineered by the Nazis was partly
Nazi_eugenics
American Supreme Court case plaintiff
She became the first Virginian sterilized since the 1924 Eugenical Sterilization Act passed. The Virginia sterilization law is said to have inspired Nazi
Carrie_Buck
Human rights and access to reproductive healthcare
Black women on the dangers of forced sterilization and published articles on documented cases of coerced sterilization by the state. In an article published
African Americans and birth control
African_Americans_and_birth_control
Effort to improve purported human genetic quality
inhibiting the fertility of those considered inferior, often through forced sterilization, or promoting that of those considered superior. The contemporary history
Eugenics
article provides an overview of human sterilization by country. While many countries permit voluntary sterilization for contraceptive purposes, some permit
Legal status of human sterilization by country
Legal_status_of_human_sterilization_by_country
Erectile female sexual organ
mortality Stillbirths Abortion Mother-to-child transmission Sterilization Compulsory sterilization Breastfeeding and mental health Reproductive life plan Infertility
Clitoris
Racism against Romani people
the connection between perceived uncontrollable sexuality and forced sterilization. Romani women are frequently described as having a "savage beauty,"
Anti-Romani_sentiment
Surgical procedure for male sterilization
Vasectomy is an elective surgical procedure that results in male sterilization, often as a means of permanent contraception. During the procedure, the
Vasectomy
American medical doctor and eugenicist (1870–1940)
law mandating the sterilization of "confirmed criminals, idiots, imbeciles, and rapists"; this was the first compulsory sterilization law in the United
Harry_Clay_Sharp
Penetrative sexual activity for reproduction or sexual pleasure
is expressed with regard to other contraceptive methods. Worldwide, sterilization is a more common birth control method, and use of the intrauterine device
Sexual_intercourse
Nutrient-rich liquid produced by mammals
Milk is usually a white liquid food (but can be shades of yellow, cream, pink, or brown) produced by the mammary glands of lactating mammals. It is the
Milk
authorizing sterilization was not necessary in order to authorize the sterilization, the juvenile court had the authority to authorize sterilizations if there
Timeline of disability rights in the United States
Timeline_of_disability_rights_in_the_United_States
Probability concept in microbiology
unit. SAL also describes the killing efficacy of a sterilization process. A very effective sterilization process has a very low SAL. Mathematically, SALs
Sterility_assurance_level
Czech human rights defender
rights to bodily autonomy and for compensation for victims of forced sterilization. She testified in front of the United Nations and was declared one of
Elena_Gorolová
Messaging and VoIP service owned by Meta
Retrieved May 24, 2018. "China cuts Uighur births with IUDs, abortion, sterilization". Associated Press News. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on
Leader of China since 2012
Retrieved 6 December 2019. "China cuts Uighur births with IUDs, abortion, sterilization". Associated Press. 28 June 2020. Archived from the original on 16 December
Xi_Jinping
Former population control policy in Peru
through sterilization were included in Plan Verde, a covert military operation created to establish a neoliberal military junta. Compulsory sterilization, which
National_Population_Program
Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany
measures, including imprisonment in concentration camps. The Nazis forcibly sterilized 400,000 people and subjected others to forced abortions for real or supposed
The_Holocaust
German Nazi paramilitary organisation (1925–1945)
took loyalty oaths and enforced camp policies tied to The Holocaust, sterilization, and euthanasia, and supervised prisoners, aiding Nazi racial policies
Schutzstaffel
State Board of North Carolina, U.S.
formally laid down rules for the sterilization of citizens. This law, entitled "An Act to Provide For the Sterilization of the Mentally Defective and Feeble-Minded
Eugenics Board of North Carolina
Eugenics_Board_of_North_Carolina
Legal rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health
Columbia) performed compulsory sterilization programs in the 20th century with eugenic aims. Canadian compulsory sterilization operated via the same overall
Reproductive_rights
Brand name of a sterilising compound
Milton sterilizing fluid is produced by Procter & Gamble for sterilization uses. It contains 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and 16.5% sodium chloride
Milton_sterilizing_fluid
Austrian dermatologist, defendant in the Doctors' Trial at Nuremberg
medical journal, was thought to cause sterilization in mice. Pokorny suggests the forced, covert sterilization of millions of prisoners, and wrote that
Adolf_Pokorny
Medical discipline for preventing nosocomial or healthcare-associated infection
formaldehyde will sterilize the items in 24 hours or more. Chemical sterilization is generally more expensive than steam sterilization and therefore it
Infection prevention and control
Infection_prevention_and_control
not sufficient criteria for forced sterilization, under Third Reich eugenics laws. Anyone could request sterilization for themselves or a minor under their
Persecution of black people in Nazi Germany
Persecution_of_black_people_in_Nazi_Germany
Method of preserving and sterilizing food under high pressure
achieve sterilization, which includes killing of endospores. Pasteurization-equivalent HPP can be done in chilled temperatures, while sterilization requires
Pascalization
American eugenicist (1888–1979)
1909, California had enacted its first compulsory sterilization law to allow for the sterilization of the mentally ill and the intellectually disabled
Paul_Popenoe
Prevention of human pregnancy
infections. Sometimes, salpingectomy is also used for sterilization in women. Non-surgical sterilization methods have also been explored. Fahim et al. found
Birth_control
American financier, eugenicist
implementation of California's eugenic compulsory sterilization laws. At the time, compulsory sterilization was seen by many as a way to reduce the incidence
E._S._Gosney
1978 film by I. S. Johar
the sterilization drive of the government of India during Indira Gandhi's ruling period. Each character in the film is trying to find sterilization cases
Nasbandi
Canadian government agency
implement the Sexual Sterilization Act, a four-member Alberta Eugenics Board was created to recommend individuals for sterilization. The Act was amended
Alberta_Eugenics_Board
Efforts to avoid miscegenation, analogous to an animal breeder seeking purebred animals
of citizens who were sterilized in Nazi Germany ranges from 350,000 to 400,000. As a result of the Sterilization Law, sterilization medicine and research
Racial_hygiene
Part of the female reproductive tract
mortality Stillbirths Abortion Mother-to-child transmission Sterilization Compulsory sterilization Breastfeeding and mental health Reproductive life plan Infertility
Vagina
US non-profit organization
legislation to legalize voluntary sterilization, provided funding to sterilization clinics, and covered the cost of sterilization for poor patients. Historian
EngenderHealth
Former Vermont government survey
in the state. The survey existed from 1925-1936 and resulted in the sterilization of at least 250 Vermonters, most of them women. Because of incomplete
Eugenics_Survey_of_Vermont
Farming technique that sterilizes soil with steam
Soil steam sterilization (soil steaming) is a farming technique that sterilizes or partially sterilizes soil with steam in open fields or greenhouses.
Soil_steam_sterilization
Disinfection method using ultraviolet light
of 2,500 μW·s/cm2 is required based on EPA's 2006 guidance manual. "Sterilization" is often misquoted as being achievable. While it is theoretically possible
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
Ultraviolet_germicidal_irradiation
Danish forced birth control program in Greenland
characterized as discriminatory and racist when used on Greenlandic parents Sterilization of Native American women "Denmark to compensate thousands of Indigenous
Forced contraception of women in Greenland
Forced_contraception_of_women_in_Greenland
Water in the gas phase
for sterilization. Steam, especially dry (highly superheated) steam, may be used for antimicrobial cleaning even to the levels of sterilization. Steam
Steam
Country in Central Europe
asked the Czech Republic to provide an explanation, or the illegal sterilization of Roma women, for which the government apologized. People of the same
Czech_Republic
American physician and activist (1866–1957)
proponent of racial segregation and eugenics, specifically, the compulsory sterilization of the mentally ill. Joseph DeJarnette was born on his family's plantation
Joseph_DeJarnette
Acts of genocide committed against Indigenous peoples in Canada
The legal basis for compulsory sterilization in Canada can be traced back to the passage of the Sexual Sterilization Act in Alberta in 1928. This legislation
Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples
Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples
Public health conditions related to clean water and proper excreta and sewage disposal
means equipment that is fully cleanable using clean-in-place (CIP) and sterilization-in-place (SIP) procedures: that is fully drainable from cleaning solutions
Sanitation
Hemorrhagic fever caused by ebolaviruses
epidemic by giving unnecessary vitamin injections to pregnant women without sterilizing the syringes and needles. The outbreak lasted 26 days and the quarantine
Ebola
deemed valuable and who was not, was used as a way to explain eugenic sterilization of people with mental disabilities. These theories of racial hygiene
Sexual violence during the Holocaust
Sexual_violence_during_the_Holocaust
Term once used in psychiatry to describe people with intellectual disabilities
Menace": Eugenic Sterilization in Minnesota". Minnesota History. 59 (6): 237–248. ISSN 0026-5497. Pickens, Donald K. “The Sterilization Movement: The Search
Feeble-minded
Study of mental functions and behaviors
developing the technique of autogenic training, prominently advocated sterilization and euthanasia of men considered genetically undesirable, and devised
Psychology
and Prevention. CDC HICPAC Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008 CDC HICPAC Disinfection and Sterilization Table
Spaulding_classification
Far-right authoritarian political ideology
demonization has motivated fascist regimes to commit massacres, forced sterilizations, deportations, and genocides. During World War II, the genocidal and
Fascism
Venezuelan nuclear reactor
The RV-1 nuclear reactor, now repurposed and known as Gamma rays sterilization plant ('Pegamma'; Spanish: Planta de Esterilización por Rayos Gamma), is
RV-1_nuclear_reactor
1942 United States Supreme Court case
crimes from carrying sterilization penalties. In 1935, the Supreme Court of Oklahoma ruled in favor of the Habitual Criminal Sterilization Act, which allowed
Skinner_v._Oklahoma
Virginia anti-miscegenation law
The Sterilization Act gave State institutions, including hospitals, psychiatric institutions and prisons, the statutory authority to sterilize persons
Racial_Integrity_Act_of_1924
Human rights abuse
decrease the numbers was through sterilization. More than one hundred female sterilizations were known by the 1930s. Sterilization procedures were done by two
Sterilization of deaf people in Nazi Germany
Sterilization_of_deaf_people_in_Nazi_Germany
American activist (1910–1986)
later he shifted his focus to the forced mass-sterilization of all German men under 65 and the sterilization of most German women under 45. This would eliminate
Theodore_N._Kaufman
1978 federal class action lawsuit
highest sterilization rates in the country during the time of Madrigal v. Quilligan. The eugenics movement, which was part of the sterilization campaign
Madrigal_v._Quilligan
Eugenics research institute at Cold Spring Harbor, New York
were used in Germany where forced sterilization laws were passed. The result of these laws led to the sterilization of 400,000 individuals. Adolf Hitler
Eugenics_Record_Office
Atypical congenital variations of sex characteristics
no firm evidence of favorable outcomes. Such treatments may involve sterilization. Adults, including elite female athletes, have also been subjects of
Intersex
because the Anti-Sterilization League, led by Lora Cornelia Little, was able to get a referendum which appealed the Oregon Sterilization Act of 1913 for
Eugenics_in_Oregon
Adhesive tape used in autoclaving (heating under high pressure with steam to sterilise)
sterilization to occur, the entire item must completely reach and maintain 121°C for 15–20 minutes with proper steam exposure to ensure sterilization
Autoclave_tape
Ethnic group
they were sterilized without their knowledge. Additionally, they suggest gathering statistics to understand the prevalence of sterilization in the Romani
Romani_people_in_Slovakia
American gynecologist
American gynecologist who became posthumously famous for the female sterilization procedure that he had developed and now carries his name as the Pomeroy
Ralph_Pomeroy_(gynecologist)
000 winter clothing sets 27,477 backpacks 1,202 Infusion kits 8 dental sterilizers 2 hangar tents* 8 lift trucks* 295 generators 168 mobile heating systems*
List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian war
List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war
STERILIZATION
STERILIZATION
STERILIZATION
STERILIZATION
Girl/Female
Indian
Earth, Base
Girl/Female
Tamil
Kashvika | கஷà¯à®µà®¿à®•à®¾Â
Boy/Male
Greek
Christ bearer.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Krishna Devotee; Meera's Moment of Merging into Krishna; Meera's End
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Light of Contentment
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, Teutonic
Bright Friend
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Gentle
Surname or Lastname
English (Oxfordshire)
English (Oxfordshire) : occupational name from Old French cousere ‘tailor’. This name is now well established in Barbados.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian
Decree; Edict
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Honour; Respect
STERILIZATION
STERILIZATION
STERILIZATION
STERILIZATION
STERILIZATION
n.
The act or process of sterilizing, or rendering sterile; also, the state of being sterile.