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1919-21 dispute over colonial concessions in east China
The Shandong Problem or Shandong Question (simplified Chinese: 山东问题; traditional Chinese: 山東問題; pinyin: Shāndōng wèntí; Japanese: 山東問題, romanized: Santō
Shandong_Problem
1919 Chinese cultural political movement
diplomacy at the Paris Peace Conference created what became known as the "Shandong Problem". On the morning of May 4, 1919, student representatives from thirteen
May_Fourth_Movement
Peninsula in China
The Shandong Peninsula or Jiaodong (Tsiaotung) Peninsula is a peninsula in Shandong in eastern China, between the Bohai Sea to the north and the Yellow
Shandong_Peninsula
Province in East China
Shandong is a coastal province in East China which has played a major role in the development of the Chinese civilization and culture as it has served
Shandong
People native to Shandong
merging. › The people of Shandong province or Shandong people (simplified Chinese: 山东人; traditional Chinese: 山東人; pinyin: Shāndōng rén) refers to those who
Shandong_people
Chinese professional football club in Jinan
Shandong Taishan Football Club (Chinese: 山东泰山足球俱乐部; pinyin: Shāndōng Tàishān Zúqiú Jùlèbù) is a Chinese professional football club based in Jinan, Shandong
Shandong_Taishan_F.C.
Chinese warlord (1883-1925)
rebellions 1918–1920 Siberian intervention 1919 Paris Peace Conference Shandong Problem May Fourth Movement 1919–1921 Occupation of Outer Mongolia 1920 Zhili–Anhui
Guo_Songling
Bilateral relations
acquired from Germany its Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory leading to the Shandong Problem, as well as the South Seas Mandate. In the 1930s, both countries adopted
Germany–Japan_relations
Government of the early Republic of China (1912–1928)
He exposed Liang's telegram ordering diplomats to back Japan on the Shandong Problem during the Washington Naval Conference. Zhang then formed an alliance
Beiyang_government
Public square in Qingdao, China
or 3 to May Fourth Square Station, which is a two-minute walk away. Shandong Problem 网易 (2022-03-29). "「梦幻青岛」"五月的风"青岛五四广场". www.163.com. Retrieved 2023-03-20
May_Fourth_Square
between them regularly. The Zhou alliance gradually expanded eastward into Shandong, southeastward into the Huai River valley, and southward into the Yangtze
History_of_China
Chinese faction during the Warlord Era
of 1924. (Shandong was an anomaly, the Zhili clique appointed an Anhui general in 1923 there provided he remain neutral, see Shandong Problem. Zheng Shiqi
Anhui_clique
German concession in China (1897–1914)
bay was occupied by Japanese forces. Following the resolution of the Shandong Problem, the occupied territory was returned to China on 10 December 1922,
Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
Kiautschou_Bay_Leased_Territory
Historical Chinese debate on West vs East
Peace Conference agreed to transfer Germany's rights and interests in Shandong Problem to Japan, which triggered the May Fourth Movement and the disappointment
East–West_cultural_debate
Event that led to the founding of the Mongolian People's Republic in 1924
failure at the Paris Peace Conference to obtain a just settlement of the Shandong Problem. There was criticism also of Duan's "War-participation army", which
Mongolian_Revolution_of_1921
1922 treaty affirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of China
effectively prompted Japan to return territorial control of Shandong province, of the Shandong Problem, to the Republic of China. The Nine-Power Treaty was one
Nine-Power_Treaty
Chinese warlord and politician (1865–1936)
the money for his army. This later became part of the reason for the Shandong Problem. After Feng Guozhang had restored him as premier, Duan Qirui quickly
Duan_Qirui
concessions in Shandong to Japan rather than returning sovereign authority to the Republic of China, an issue soon to be known as Shandong Problem. Chinese
Japanese entry into World War I
Japanese_entry_into_World_War_I
the U.S. brokered a solution of the Shandong Problem. China was awarded nominal sovereignty over all of Shandong, including the former German holdings
Japan–United_States_relations
This is a list of village-level divisions of the province of Shandong, People's Republic of China (PRC). After province, prefecture, county-level divisions
List of village-level divisions of Shandong
List_of_village-level_divisions_of_Shandong
agrees to transfer its lease in Shandong to China during the Washington Naval Conference, resolving the Shandong Problem. 1922 — The Saudi Arabian–Iraqi
List of national border changes (1914–present)
List_of_national_border_changes_(1914–present)
Chinese politician (1877–1966)
1966. May Fourth Movement Twenty-One Demands Treaty of Versailles Shandong Problem "Cao Rulin - X-Boorman". Retrieved 2026-02-26. Videlier, Philippe;
Cao_Rulin
American journalist
a declaration to resolve the Shandong Problem, namely to restore to China the territory granted to Germany in Shandong province in 1897 that was captured
Thomas Franklin Fairfax Millard
Thomas_Franklin_Fairfax_Millard
Chinese street food
years to Shandong province during the Three Kingdoms period (AD 220–280). According to legend, Chancellor Zhuge Liang encountered the problem of feeding
Jianbing
Bilateral relations
of the agreements, Japan returned control of Shandong province to China, resolving the Shandong Problem In the years that followed (1922–1929), Britain
China–United Kingdom relations
China–United_Kingdom_relations
Bay in Qingdao, China
government refused to sign the Treaty. This situation was known as the "Shandong Problem". It eventually was resolved through mediation by the United States
Jiaozhou_Bay
the U.S. brokered a solution of the Shandong Problem. China was awarded nominal sovereignty over all of Shandong, including the former German holdings
Foreign policy of the Woodrow Wilson administration
Foreign_policy_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_administration
School of thought in 1920s and 1930s China
rather promote careful, selective absorption of western culture. The Shandong Problem after the First World War irritated the general public in China, leading
Xueheng_School
This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Shandong, People's Republic of China (PRC). After province, prefecture, and county-level
List of township-level divisions of Shandong
List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Shandong
Chinese mathematician
inspection problem, and served as president of Shandong Normal University. Guan is known for formulating the route inspection problem. This problem is a generalization
Meigu_Guan
cultural sites protected by Shandong Province (simplified Chinese: 山东省文物保护单位; traditional Chinese: 山東省文物保護單位; pinyin: Shāndōng shěng wénwù bǎohù dānwèi)
Major historical and cultural sites protected by Shandong Province
Major_historical_and_cultural_sites_protected_by_Shandong_Province
territorial integrity of China and to solve the Shandong Problem. Japan returns some of its control over the Shandong Peninsula to China. April 10 – June 18 —
1922_in_China
in the war. China protested furiously, but had little leverage. The Shandong Problem appeared initially to be a Japanese victory, but Tokyo soon had second
History of Japanese foreign relations
History_of_Japanese_foreign_relations
Warlord factions in Guizhou
saw the Beijing Government's foreign policy as a failure due to the Shandong Problem. Students of the Institute of Law and Politics in Guiyang considered
Guizhou_in_the_Warlord_Era
Political faction of the Imperial Japanese Navy
relations in the 1920s. The Japanese occupation of the Shandong Peninsula worsened the Shandong problem with the Republic of China. The Japanese imposition
Fleet_Faction
Leader of China since 2012
number of ships serving in the United Kingdom’s fleet. Aircraft carriers Shandong and Fujian entered into service under Xi in 2019 and 2025 respectively
Xi_Jinping
personnel to 50,000 men. January 31 – The United States arbitrates the Shandong Problem between Japan and China. February 3 – Harding lauds his administration's
Timeline of the Warren G. Harding presidency
Timeline_of_the_Warren_G._Harding_presidency
Chinese brewery
forced to use domestic products, and the government encouraged peasants in Shandong to harvest the necessary raw materials (mainly hops and barley) themselves
Tsingtao_Brewery
Belgian footballer (born 1987)
decade in England in total, Fellaini joined Chinese Super League club Shandong Taishan in February 2019. A full international for the Belgium national
Marouane_Fellaini
Chinese automatic transmissions manufacturer
due to 8-AT problems. The X-7 SUV is now (as of December 2015) selling at more than 6000 units a month, so does the Shenrui 8-AT. "Shandong company launches
Shengrui_Transmission
Mainland period of the Republic of China
into five groups, seeking immediate control over German concessions in Shandong, extended leases in Manchuria, joint ownership of major Chinese mining
Republic_of_China_(1912–1949)
may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: table is enormous, possibly unreadable on some devices. Please help
List of common Chinese surnames
List_of_common_Chinese_surnames
1894–1895 war between China and Japan
captured Port Arthur on 21 November. Japan next captured Weihaiwei on the Shandong Peninsula on 12 February 1895. This gave them control over the approaches
First_Sino-Japanese_War
East Asian ethnic group
Zhejiang and Shandong have Yellow River ancestry and to a lesser extent, southern East Asian-related ancestry. However, Han Chinese from Shandong derive their
Han_Chinese
Skewers of glazed fruit
in Tianjin, tangqiu (糖球) in Fengyang, Anhui, and tangzhan'er (糖蘸儿) in Shandong. Tanghulu is often mistaken for regular candied fruits;[citation needed]
Tanghulu
Chinese stuffed pancake
originated in Northern China. Its history can be traced back 2,000 years to Shandong during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Legend holds that they were
Jianbing_guozi
Prefecture, uses 457. These are area codes for the provinces of Jiangsu, Shandong (predominantly), Anhui, Zhejiang and Fujian. All telephone numbers are
Telephone_numbers_in_China
Russian and Chinese ship class
constructed a third ship to a modified Type 002 design, commissioning Shandong in 2019. The Kuznetsov-class ships were described by their Soviet builders
Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier
Kuznetsov-class_aircraft_carrier
System of interconnected canals in China
Beijing. As such, it passes through the provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, and the municipalities of Tianjin and Beijing. In 2014, the Chinese
Grand_Canal_(China)
Leader of China from 1949 to 1976
Treaty of Versailles, wherein Japan was allowed to receive territories in Shandong which had been surrendered by Germany. These demonstrations ignited the
Mao_Zedong
Country in East Asia
as the "Eight Major Cuisines", including Sichuan, Cantonese, Jiangsu, Shandong, Fujian, Hunan, Anhui, and Zhejiang cuisines. Chinese cuisine is known
China
Diplomatic row caused by a dispute regarding Taiwan
Macau), China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Hainan Airlines, Shandong Airlines, Sichuan Airlines, and XiamenAir subsequently announced that tickets
2025–2026 China–Japan diplomatic crisis
2025–2026_China–Japan_diplomatic_crisis
Association football club in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
the club known today as Al-Hilal. Then in the beginning of 1959 another problem began, Abdullah Bin Ahmed, the president then, was all alone taking care
Al_Shabab_Club
Speakers of Austronesian languages
Yangtze region came into regular contact with Proto-Sinitic speakers in the Shandong Peninsula, around the 4th to 3rd millennia BCE. This corresponded with
Austronesian_peoples
East Asian ethnic group
the world's total. Similar dolmens can be found in Northeast China, the Shandong Peninsula and the island of Kyushu, yet it is unclear why this culture
Koreans
least 25% of the population of the state of Manchuria and contemporary Shandong has been analysed as an area of rapid growth of folk Confucian groups.
Religion_in_China
Fifth series of Race Across the World
in Beijing for two nights. Three teams went down the eastern China via Shandong; Fin & Sioned went via Qingdao to Shanghai, Gaz & Yin also went to Shanghai
Race Across the World series 5
Race_Across_the_World_series_5
Aspect of Chinese military history
also had fortified borders up by the 441 BC, and the extant portions in Shandong province had been christened the Great Wall of Qi. Even non-Chinese states
History of the Great Wall of China
History_of_the_Great_Wall_of_China
Extinct species of mammoth
megafauna. The southernmost woolly mammoth specimen known is from the Shandong province of China and is 33,000 years old. The southernmost European remains
Woolly_mammoth
Chinese automobile manufacturer
Guangdong; Changsha, Hunan, Zhengzhou, Henan; Changzhou, Jiangsu; Jinan, Shandong; and Hefei, Anhui. The company also operates R&D centers in Shenzhen and
BYD_Auto
described from the Lower Cretaceous strata of the Wawukuang Formation (Shandong, China) by Ren et al. (2026). Averianov et al. (2026) describe a partial
2026 in archosaur paleontology
2026_in_archosaur_paleontology
Multinational online clothing retailer
University (GWU). However, other sources indicate that Xu was born in 1984 in Shandong province, and was educated at Qingdao University of Science and Technology
Shein
latter was in 1922 disappointed by Germany's former Chinese colony of Shandong being transferred to Japan in the Treaty of Versailles. (Japan had fought
Prelude to the attack on Pearl Harbor
Prelude_to_the_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor
1914–1918 global conflict
the South Seas Mandate, as well as German Treaty ports on the Chinese Shandong peninsula at Tsingtao. After Vienna refused to withdraw its cruiser SMS Kaiserin
World_War_I
Former Chinese custom
Feet were bound to their smallest in the northern provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi and Shaanxi, but the binding was less extreme and less common in
Foot_binding
Chinese military officer (1859–1928 or 1934)
two German missionaries to claim the Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory in Shandong Province. In 1898, Prince Heinrich of Prussia, with his East Asia Naval
Yinchang
Major river in China
much as 480 km (300 mi), sometimes reaching the ocean to the north of the Shandong Peninsula and sometimes to the south. Another historical source of devastating
Yellow_River
2017 worldwide ransomware cyberattack
Q-Park Renault Russian Railways Sandvik Justice Court of São Paulo Sberbank Shandong University State Governments of India Government of Gujarat Government
WannaCry_ransomware_attack
Highest tier of professional football in China
since its inception, with nine of them winning the title: Guangzhou (8), Shandong Taishan (4), Shanghai Port (4), Shenzhen, Dalian Shide, Changchun Yatai
Chinese_Super_League
United States foreign policy regarding authoritarian governments
Approximately 50,000 U.S. troops were sent to guard strategic sites in Hubei and Shandong. The U.S. trained and equipped KMT troops, and also transported Korean
U.S. policy towards authoritarianism
U.S._policy_towards_authoritarianism
Clade of reptiles
Xijin; Li, Dunjing; Han, Gang; et al. (2007). "Zhuchengosaurus maximus from Shandong Province". Acta Geoscientia Sinica. 28 (2). Beijing: Chinese Academy of
Dinosaur
1918 U.S. peace proposals after World War I
at the Paris peace conference was the "Shandong question". In 1897 Germany had invaded and occupied the Shandong (Shantung) province in China, and forced
Fourteen_Points
Regent of China from 1861 to 1908
Yang Shenxiu, "Shandong dao jiancha yushi Yang Shenxiu zhe" 山東道監察御史楊深秀摺 [Palace memorial by Yang Shenxiu, Investigating Censor of Shandong Circuit], in
Empress_Dowager_Cixi
Chinese politician (1919–2005)
CCP Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region Prefecture Party Committee and Political Commissar of the 4th Military Division of the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military
Zhao_Ziyang
or Confucian churches, were in fact very successful in the northeast. Shandong: The province is traditionally a stronghold of Confucianism and is the
Demographics_of_China
and Chinese Christians. Beginning in 1899, Boxers spread violence across Shandong and the North China Plain, attacking or murdering Christian missionaries
Persecution_of_Christians
Capital of Henan, China
and the surrounding areas such as southeastern Shanxi and southwestern Shandong. Due to its strategic location in one of the most populous areas in the
Zhengzhou
Bridge in Qingdao, Shandong, China
Jiaozhou Bay Bridge is a 26.7 km (16.6 mi) long roadway bridge in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China, which is part of the 41.58 km (25.84 mi) Jiaozhou Bay
Qingdao_Jiaozhou_Bay_Bridge
Undergraduate admission exam of China
system was implemented for the first time in Shandong in 2007 and ended in 2014. The examination system in Shandong Province reverted to the "3+X" system as
Gaokao
Gelatin obtained from the skin of the donkey
several coastal provinces of China, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shandong. Shandong's Dong'e County is the source of the name "ejiao". According to a ca
Donkey-hide_gelatin
Microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in the Earth's atmosphere
local emissions. The rest was trans-boundary pollution coming from China's Shandong Province (22%), North Korea (9%), Beijing (7%), Shanghai (5%), and a combined
Particulate_matter
coal-bearing provinces include Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Hebei, and Shandong. Apart from these northern provinces, significant quantities of coal are
Economy_of_China
Annotation-independent Novel Gene Discovery. Bridger was developed at Shandong University, takes advantage of techniques employed in Cufflinks to overcome
List of RNA-Seq bioinformatics tools
List_of_RNA-Seq_bioinformatics_tools
Asian association football tournament for clubs
Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2020. "Shandong Luneng suffer 7–2 blow at Champions League". China Daily. 22 September
AFC_Champions_League_Elite
Emperor of China from 1368 to 1398
a prefectural city in the west of Anhui, while Chaghan Temur turned to Shandong. After this retreat, Song authority collapsed rapidly; aside from Zhu's
Hongwu_Emperor
2011 mutiny and mass murder on Chinese trawler
generic name of the fishing vessel, registered in Rongcheng, Shandong. It was owned by Shandong Rongcheng Xinfa Seafood Corporation (山东荣成市鑫发水产公司). There were
Mutiny_on_Lurongyu_2682
Era in Chinese history (c. 1839–1940s)
Yun in Yunnan; Zhang Jingyao in Hunan; Zhang Zongchang and Han Fuju in Shandong; and Sheng Shicai in Xinjiang. The Chinese Civil War was fought between
Century_of_humiliation
American conglomerate corporation
stake owned by IMASAB S.A. of Mexico. The "Lycra" fiber brand was sold to Shandong Ruyi Investment Holding in 2019. Koch Ag & Energy Solutions, LLC and its
Koch,_Inc.
Han dynasty prince (died 144 BC)
Kew Choi. Tomb Complexes of Later Han Dynasty in Shandong Province: Structural and Iconographic Problems of Relief Stone Tombs, p. 64. University of Pittsburgh
Liu_Wu,_Prince_of_Liang
four large ground-based phased array early warning radars in Xinjiang, Shandong, Heilongjiang, and Zhejiang. Early warning has been developed since the
Nuclear_weapons_of_China
Spanish and Portuguese colonizers of the Age of Discovery
mission, such as the influential minister Xu Guangqi and Sun Yuanhua in Shandong. The Tianqi Emperor approved in having a company of Portuguese gunners
Conquistador
2008 railway accident in China
that occurred on the morning of April 28, 2008, near the city of Zibo, in Shandong province, People's Republic of China. The collision occurred on the Jiaoji
Zibo_train_collision
Religious and philosophical tradition
as libationers and tend to the commoners. A related movement arose in Shandong called the "Way of Great Peace", seeking to create a new world by replacing
Taoism
from 1898 to 1922, adjacent to Jiaozhou Bay on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula in East China. The village of Qingdao became the German colony
List_of_enclaves_and_exclaves
Species of planthopper indigenous to Southeast Asia
L. delicatula was known to inhabit the Northern Provinces of Shanxi, Shandong and Hebei. Since then, it has expanded its range to include Anhui, Beijing
Spotted_lanternfly
International football competition
July 2004 19:00 Shandong Sports Center, Jinan Attendance: 20,000 Referee: Coffi Codjia (Benin) Source: RSSSF 19 July 2004 18:30 Shandong Sports Center,
2004_AFC_Asian_Cup
74th Miss Universe beauty pageant
"「完美模板、顏值巨高」山東姑娘趙娜 下月參加環球小姐選美" ["Perfect template, extremely beautiful" Shandong girl Zhao Na will compete in the Miss Universe pageant next month]. World
Miss_Universe_2025
Song dynasty poet
Li Zhiyi (Chinese: 李之儀; born Wudi County, Shandong; c. 1048–1127) courtesy name Duanshu (端淑) was a Song dynasty Chinese poet. He married Hu Shuxiu (胡淑修;
Li_Zhiyi
Dislike of anything that is perceived to be foreign or strange
Christian missionaries. In a severe drought, Boxer violence spread across Shandong and the North China Plain, destroying foreign property, attacking or murdering
Xenophobia
Canadian basketball player (born 1998)
Chinese Basketball Association. On August 24, 2024, Wigginton signed with Shandong Hi-Speed Kirin of the Chinese Basketball Association. In 2016, Wigginton
Lindell_Wigginton
SHANDONG PROBLEM
SHANDONG PROBLEM
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Sussex)
English (chiefly Sussex) : variant of Standen, or a habitational name from a place in Lancashire with the same etymology.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Chinese, Gaelic, Irish
Wise One; Old; Ancient; River Name; Form of Shannon
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Write Standing
Male
Gypsy/Romani
 Probably a Romani form of Hindi Shandar, SHANDOR means "proud."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
From the Sandy Hill
Boy/Male
American, Gaelic, Hindu, Indian
Little Old Wise One; Old; Ancient; Old River; River of Wisdom
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Wise
Girl/Female
American, British, Dutch, English, French, Gaelic, Irish
Small and Wise; Old; Ancient; Wise One; River Name; Old River; River of Wisdom
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Standing Tall
Boy/Male
Muslim
Rising, Standing, Existing
Girl/Female
Irish American
Old. Surname and river name.
Boy/Male
Indian
Rising, Standing, Existing
Girl/Female
Muslim
Exalted, Highest social standing
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Irish
God is Gracious; Similar to Shaun from John
Boy/Male
Irish
from John.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Standing-place.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Japanese
Little Old Wise One; Surname and River
Boy/Male
Irish American
Little old wise one. Surname and river name.
Girl/Female
Biblical
A standing pool.
Biblical
standing-place
SHANDONG PROBLEM
SHANDONG PROBLEM
Boy/Male
Hindi
Beginning.
Girl/Female
Indian
Past
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Praises of the Lord
Female
Egyptian
, the wife of Simouth.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Acharyasuta | அசரà¯à®¯à®¸à¯à®¤à®¾
Son of the teacher, Another name for aswatthama
Girl/Female
Indian
The second note in hindustani classical music, Para of a song, Beauty
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
First Month of Tamil Calendar
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
U ndrestanding clever, wise
Girl/Female
Indian, Kannada, Telugu
Touch
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam
Splendour; Light
SHANDONG PROBLEM
SHANDONG PROBLEM
SHANDONG PROBLEM
SHANDONG PROBLEM
SHANDONG PROBLEM
v. i.
The act of standing.
a.
Established by law, custom, or the like; settled; continually existing; permanent; not temporary; as, a standing army; legislative bodies have standing rules of proceeding and standing committees.
n.
Act or process of making a shade.
n.
The edible drupaceous fruit of an Australian tree (Fusanus acuminatus) of the Sandalwood family; -- called also quandang.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Shend
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Sand
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Stand
n.
The act of standing; also, attitude or pose in standing; posture.
n.
Maintenance of position; duration; duration or existence in the same place or condition; continuance; as, a custom of long standing; an officer of long standing.
v. i.
Rank; post; station; standing.
n.
The act of stopping, or coming to a stand; the state of being erect upon the feet; stand.
a.
Remaining erect; not cut down; as, standing corn.
n.
Condition in society; relative position; reputation; rank; as, a man of good standing, or of high standing.
a.
Not flowing; stagnant; as, standing water.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Shade
n.
A standing aloof.
a.
Not transitory; not liable to fade or vanish; lasting; as, a standing color.
a.
Not movable; fixed; as, a standing bed (distinguished from a trundle-bed).
n.
Place to stand in; station; stand.
n.
That filling up which represents the effect of more or less darkness, expressing rotundity, projection, etc., in a picture or a drawing.