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ROBERT GERWARTH

  • Robert Gerwarth
  • German historian and author (born 1976)

    Robert Benjamin Gerwarth (born 12 February 1976) is a German historian and author who specialises in European history, with an emphasis on German history

    Robert Gerwarth

    Robert Gerwarth

    Robert_Gerwarth

  • Margarete Himmler
  • Wife of Heinrich Himmler

    directions from her. According to Heydrich's biographers and historian Robert Gerwarth, Lina Heydrich harbored a "violent dislike" of Margarete Himmler, which

    Margarete Himmler

    Margarete Himmler

    Margarete_Himmler

  • Harun el-Raschid Bey
  • German military officer (1886–1963)

    Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. 1928. Jochen Böhler; Robert Gerwarth (2017). The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford University Press

    Harun el-Raschid Bey

    Harun el-Raschid Bey

    Harun_el-Raschid_Bey

  • Heinz Heydrich
  • SS officer who helped Jews (1905–1944)

    German). Der Spiegel. Retrieved 2009-01-26. "Reinhard Heydrich". Robert., Gerwarth (2016), Hitler's hangman : the life of Heydrich, Tantor Media,

    Heinz Heydrich

    Heinz Heydrich

    Heinz_Heydrich

  • Herero and Nama genocide and the Holocaust
  • Bavaria, took part in the Herero and Nama genocide as well. Historians Robert Gerwarth and Stephan Malinowski have criticized this claim, asserting that Von

    Herero and Nama genocide and the Holocaust

    Herero_and_Nama_genocide_and_the_Holocaust

  • Black and Tans
  • Recruits supporting the Royal Irish Constabulary

    National Defense Intelligence College, Washington, D.C. June 2007. p. 120 Robert Gerwarth; John Horne, eds. (2013), War in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe

    Black and Tans

    Black and Tans

    Black_and_Tans

  • Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts
  • Recruits for the Waffen-SS in World War II

    "Muslim SS units in the Balkans and the Soviet Union". In Jochen Böhler; Robert Gerwarth (eds.). The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford University Press

    Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts

    Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts

    Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts

  • Reinhard Heydrich
  • German high-ranking Nazi official (1904–1942)

    Gerwarth 2011, p. xiii. Dederichs 2009, p. 11. Gerwarth 2011, p. 21. Gerwarth 2011, p. 13. Gerwarth 2011, p. 22. Gerwarth 2011, pp. 14–18. Gerwarth 2011

    Reinhard Heydrich

    Reinhard Heydrich

    Reinhard_Heydrich

  • Mihály Károlyi
  • President of Hungary from 1918 to 1919 (1875–1955)

    1996) Károlyi József gróf, a politikus (Erdős Ferenc–Nyáry Zsigmond) Robert Gerwarth (2020). November 1918 The German Revolution. Oxford University Press

    Mihály Károlyi

    Mihály Károlyi

    Mihály_Károlyi

  • Walter Schellenberg
  • Intelligence officer in Nazi Germany (1910–1952)

    Ministries Trial, he wrote his memoirs, titled The Labyrinth. Historian Robert Gerwarth describes certain content of Schellenberg's memoirs as "questionable

    Walter Schellenberg

    Walter Schellenberg

    Walter_Schellenberg

  • Reich Security Main Office
  • Nazi German police and intelligence organization (1939–1945)

    and Non-German Nationals in the SS and Police". In Jochen Böhler; Robert Gerwarth (eds.). The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford and New York: Oxford

    Reich Security Main Office

    Reich Security Main Office

    Reich_Security_Main_Office

  • Anti-English sentiment
  • Opposition to or fear of England and/or English people

    Thompson, ed. Great power rivalries (1999) online Geppert, Dominik, and Robert Gerwarth, eds. Wilhelmine Germany and Edwardian Britain: Essays on Cultural

    Anti-English sentiment

    Anti-English sentiment

    Anti-English_sentiment

  • Dissolution of Austria-Hungary
  • Historical event in 1918

    the end of the Danube Monarchy]. Vienna. Watson 2014, pp. 541–542. Robert Gerwarth (2020). November 1918 The German Revolution. Oxford University Press

    Dissolution of Austria-Hungary

    Dissolution of Austria-Hungary

    Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary

  • Battle of Vittorio Veneto
  • Battle during World War I (October–November 1918)

    of the town of Kobarid, today in Slovenia. Clodfelter 2017, p. 419. Robert Gerwarth (2020). November 1918 The German Revolution. Oxford University Press

    Battle of Vittorio Veneto

    Battle of Vittorio Veneto

    Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto

  • Otto von Bismarck
  • Chancellor of Germany from 1871 to 1890

    39.3 (2009): 388-413. Gerwarth, Robert (2007). "Inventing the Iron Chancellor". History Today. 57 (6): 43–49. Gerwarth, Robert (2005). The Bismarck Myth:

    Otto von Bismarck

    Otto von Bismarck

    Otto_von_Bismarck

  • Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan
  • Somali Jihadist and anti-colonialist leader (1856–1920)

     37. ISBN 978-99931-809-2-0. Empires at War: 1911-1923, edited by Robert Gerwarth, Erez Manela, p. 48 Moolla, F. Fiona (2014). Reading Nuruddin Farah:

    Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan

    Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan

    Muḥammad_ibn_'Abdallāh_Hassan

  • Germany–United Kingdom relations
  • Bilateral relations

    2022 at the Wayback Machine Süddeutsche Zeitung Dominik Geppert and Robert Gerwarth, eds. Wilhelmine Germany and Edwardian Britain: Essays on Cultural

    Germany–United Kingdom relations

    Germany–United Kingdom relations

    Germany–United_Kingdom_relations

  • Bloodlands
  • 2010 book by Timothy Snyder

    of mass killings in the eastern part of mid-20th-century Europe" by Robert Gerwarth in the Irish Times. The book received praise from an array of experts

    Bloodlands

    Bloodlands

  • Portuguese campaign in Mozambique (World War I)
  • Robert (2017). African Kaiser: General Paul Von Lettow-Vorbeck and the Great War in Africa, Hurst. ISBN 9781849048675 Erez Manela, Robert Gerwarth (2014)

    Portuguese campaign in Mozambique (World War I)

    Portuguese campaign in Mozambique (World War I)

    Portuguese_campaign_in_Mozambique_(World_War_I)

  • Weimar Republic
  • German state from 1918 to 1933

    Terminology of the Third Reich. Ball State University. p. 44. LCCN 85047938. Robert, Gerwarth (6 February 2021). "Weimar's Lessons for Biden's America". Foreign

    Weimar Republic

    Weimar Republic

    Weimar_Republic

  • North Macedonia
  • Country in Southeast Europe

    structure, enforcing the Bulgarisation of the region. According to Robert Gerwarth, the Bulgarian denationalisation policy, including its paramilitary

    North Macedonia

    North Macedonia

    North_Macedonia

  • Cultural imperialism
  • Cultural aspects of imperialism

    vehicle of German cultural imperialism." For other parts of Europe, Robert Gerwarth, writing about cultural imperialism and Reinhard Heydrich, states that

    Cultural imperialism

    Cultural imperialism

    Cultural_imperialism

  • Vojtech Tuka
  • Slovak politician

    179–181 Dwork (2003) pp, 168–169 Hitler's Hangman. The Life of Heydrich. Robert Gerwarth, page 261) Frucht (2005) p. 298 Ward (2013) p. 8 and pp. 234-7. Aronson

    Vojtech Tuka

    Vojtech Tuka

    Vojtech_Tuka

  • Andrey Vlasov
  • Soviet Russian general and politician (1901–1946)

    ISBN 978-0-300-11988-6. Böhler, Jochen; Gerwarth, Robert (2017). "Non-Germans in the Waffen-SS: An introduction". In Jochen Böhler; Robert Gerwarth (eds.). The Waffen-SS:

    Andrey Vlasov

    Andrey Vlasov

    Andrey_Vlasov

  • R. J. W. Evans
  • British historian (born 1943)

    no. 140. Ed. Robert Evans and Mark Cornwall (Oxford, 2007) 'The Successor States', in Twisted Paths: Europe 1914–1945, ed. Robert Gerwarth (Oxford, 2007)

    R. J. W. Evans

    R._J._W._Evans

  • Ryan Gingeras
  • American historian (born 1978)

    1908–1922 . By Ryan Gingeras. The Greater War, 1912–1923. Edited by Robert Gerwarth.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. Pp. xx+318. $60.00. The Ottoman

    Ryan Gingeras

    Ryan_Gingeras

  • Karl Burian
  • Austrian captain (1896–1944)

    Austria 1938-1945, U of Minnesota Press. ISBN 9781452912660 John Horne, Robert Gerwarth (2013). War in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe After the Great

    Karl Burian

    Karl_Burian

  • 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)
  • World War II Ukrainian infantry division

    and the special case of the Polish 'Blue Police'". In Jochen Böhler; Robert Gerwarth (eds.). The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford: Oxford University

    14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

    14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

    14th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Galician)

  • Karl Dietrich Bracher
  • German historian and political scientist (1922–2016)

    Robert Gerwarth, The Bismarck Myth: Weimar Germany and the Legacy of the Iron Chancellor, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 page 164. Gerwarth, Robert

    Karl Dietrich Bracher

    Karl Dietrich Bracher

    Karl_Dietrich_Bracher

  • Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
  • Secret revolutionary society (1893–1934)

    in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe After the Great War with Robert Gerwarth, John Horne as ed., OUP Oxford, 2013, ISBN 019968605X, p. 150. "Бугарски

    Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization

    Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization

    Internal_Macedonian_Revolutionary_Organization

  • Donald Bloxham
  • British historian

    Political Violence in Europe's Long Twentieth Century (editor, with Robert Gerwarth) (Cambridge University Press, 2011) Why History? A History (Oxford

    Donald Bloxham

    Donald_Bloxham

  • Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
  • Genocide by the Ustaše during World War II

    needed against the Serbs, were proclaimed Aryans. Donald Bloxham and Robert Gerwarth concluded that Serbs were primary target of racial laws and murders

    Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

    Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

    Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia

  • Todor Aleksandrov
  • Bulgarian revolutionary (1881–1924)

    Institution Press. pp. 149, 156, 159. ISBN 9780817948832. John Horne; Robert Gerwarth, eds. (2012). War in Peace Paramilitary Violence in Europe After the

    Todor Aleksandrov

    Todor Aleksandrov

    Todor_Aleksandrov

  • Arshavir Shirakian
  • Armenian Killer (d. 1973)

    an Armenian Patriot, Hairenik Press 1976, p. 108 Horne, edited by Robert Gerwarth, John (September 27, 2012). War in peace : paramilitary violence in

    Arshavir Shirakian

    Arshavir Shirakian

    Arshavir_Shirakian

  • Vilna offensive
  • 1919 battle between Polish and Soviet forces

    Grynberg, 2002. Gintautas Ereminas, Ochrona toru Wilno – Lida (in Italian)Robert Gerwarth, La rabbia dei vinti: La guerra dopo la guerra 1917–1923, Gius.Laterza

    Vilna offensive

    Vilna offensive

    Vilna_offensive

  • 1922–1923 Lausanne Conference
  • Post-WW1 peace conference

    Socialist Republic. Aside from the redrawing of geographic borders, Robert Gerwarth stated that the conference sanctioned relocation of ethnic and religious

    1922–1923 Lausanne Conference

    1922–1923 Lausanne Conference

    1922–1923_Lausanne_Conference

  • SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade France
  • Military unit

    'Charlemagne': French Volunteers on the Eastern Front". In Jochen Böhler; Robert Gerwarth (eds.). The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford and New York: Oxford

    SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade France

    SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade France

    SS_Volunteer_Sturmbrigade_France

  • Ypatingasis būrys
  • Lithuanian killing squad

    gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras. Retrieved 9 June 2006. Robert Gerwarth; John Horne, eds. (2012). War in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe

    Ypatingasis būrys

    Ypatingasis_būrys

  • Treaty of Trianon
  • 1920 peace treaty on Hungary after World War I

    concessions.’ Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and the Coal Shortage in 1918–21 Robert Gerwarth (2020). November 1918 The German Revolution. Oxford University Press

    Treaty of Trianon

    Treaty of Trianon

    Treaty_of_Trianon

  • Ireland and World War I
  • Lowe, W.J. "Who were the Black-and-Tans?” History Ireland Autumn 2004 Robert Gerwarth; John Horne, eds. (2013), War in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe

    Ireland and World War I

    Ireland and World War I

    Ireland_and_World_War_I

  • Gyorche Petrov
  • Bulgarian teacher and revolutionary (1865–1921)

    Bulgaria, and Albania, 1917-1924, OUP Oxford, ISBN 9780191899218, p. 165. Robert Gerwarth, John Horne, War in Peace. Paramilitary Violence in Europe After the

    Gyorche Petrov

    Gyorche Petrov

    Gyorche_Petrov

  • List of University College Dublin people
  • Ahern Hugh Brady Linda Cardinal Gerard Casey Terence Dolan Orla Feely Robert Gerwarth James J. Heckman Caroline Hussey Mark Keane Declan Kiberd Sinisa Malesevic

    List of University College Dublin people

    List_of_University_College_Dublin_people

  • Aleksandar Protogerov
  • Bulgarian general, politician and revolutionary

    of Bulgaria. ABC-CLIO. pp. 62, 70. ISBN 978-0313384479. John Horne; Robert Gerwarth, eds. (2012). War in Peace Paramilitary Violence in Europe After the

    Aleksandar Protogerov

    Aleksandar Protogerov

    Aleksandar_Protogerov

  • Jochen Böhler
  • German historian

    research area “War, Violence and Oppression”, and co-headed (with Robert Gerwarth, University College Dublin) the research project “The Waffen-SS: A

    Jochen Böhler

    Jochen Böhler

    Jochen_Böhler

  • Cundill History Prize
  • History writing award

    of Friedrich Nietzsche Jury: Alan Taylor (chair), Charlotte Gray, Robert Gerwarth, Jane Kamensky, and Rana Mitter 2020 Camilla Townsend Fifth Sun: A

    Cundill History Prize

    Cundill History Prize

    Cundill_History_Prize

  • Herbert Mehlhorn
  • Heinrich Himmler: A Life. OUP Oxford. p. 786. ISBN 978-0-19-959232-6. Robert Gerwarth (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. Yale University Press

    Herbert Mehlhorn

    Herbert_Mehlhorn

  • Association against Bulgarian Bandits
  • Paramilitary organization in Yugoslavia

    1918–2005. Indiana University Press. p. 47. ISBN 0253346568. John Horne; Robert Gerwarth, eds. (2013). War in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe After the

    Association against Bulgarian Bandits

    Association against Bulgarian Bandits

    Association_against_Bulgarian_Bandits

  • Lina Heydrich
  • Wife of Reinhard Heydrich (1911–1985)

    Heydrich: The Pursuit of Total Power. Orbis. ISBN 978-0-85-613295-7. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Lina Heydrich

    Lina Heydrich

    Lina_Heydrich

  • Richard Bruno Heydrich
  • German tenor opera singer (1865–1938)

    Mason 1917 Gerwarth 2011, p. [page needed]. Gerwarth 2011, p. 15. Gerwarth 2011, p. 16. Gerwarth 2011, p. 17. Gerwarth 2011, p. 18. Gerwarth 2011, p. 19

    Richard Bruno Heydrich

    Richard Bruno Heydrich

    Richard_Bruno_Heydrich

  • History of Austria
  • from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2018. Robert Gerwarth, "The central European counter-revolution: Paramilitary violence in

    History of Austria

    History_of_Austria

  • Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan
  • Westport, Connecticut: Hyperion Press. pp. 18–19. ISBN 9780830500765. Robert Gerwarth; John Horne, eds. (27 September 2012). War in peace : paramilitary

    Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan

    Anti-Armenian_sentiment_in_Azerbaijan

  • Bibliography of Nazi Germany
  • Family's Impact on German History. New York: HarperCollins, 1995. Gerwarth, Robert. Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale University

    Bibliography of Nazi Germany

    Bibliography of Nazi Germany

    Bibliography_of_Nazi_Germany

  • History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom
  • the Anglo-German Antagonism 1860–1914 (1980). Dominik Geppert and Robert Gerwarth, eds. Wilhelmine Germany and Edwardian Britain: Essays on Cultural

    History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom

    History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom

  • Heinrich Himmler
  • German Nazi leader of the SS (1900–1945)

    Robert (2020). Hitler's True Believers: How Ordinary People Became Nazis. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-068990-2. Gerwarth, Robert

    Heinrich Himmler

    Heinrich Himmler

    Heinrich_Himmler

  • Oxford Historical Monographs
  • Elaine Chalus Elite Women in English Political Life c.1754–1790 2005 Robert Gerwarth The Bismarck Myth: Weimar Germany and the Legacy of the Iron Chancellor

    Oxford Historical Monographs

    Oxford Historical Monographs

    Oxford_Historical_Monographs

  • Achim Gercke
  • German politician (1902–1997)

    ISBN 0-674-01172-4. Roseman 2003, pp. 116–119. Gerwarth 2011, p. 61. Williams 2001, p. 38. German version of this page Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life

    Achim Gercke

    Achim Gercke

    Achim_Gercke

  • Blomberg–Fritsch affair
  • 1938 German political scandal

    June 2020. Gerwarth, Robert, Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich, Yale University Press, 2011, p. 116, ISBN 978-0-300-11575-8 Gerwarth, Hitler's Hangman:

    Blomberg–Fritsch affair

    Blomberg–Fritsch affair

    Blomberg–Fritsch_affair

  • German Order (distinction)
  • German Nazi Party award

    the Third Reich. R. James Bender Publishing. ISBN 978-0912138169. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    German Order (distinction)

    German Order (distinction)

    German_Order_(distinction)

  • Hermann Göring
  • German Nazi politician and military leader (1893–1946)

    European Jews. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-70689-6. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Hermann Göring

    Hermann Göring

    Hermann_Göring

  • Ležáky
  • Czechoslovak village razed by Nazis in 1942

    2007. History of the village since first written mention until today. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Ležáky

    Ležáky

    Ležáky

  • Battle of Namacurra
  • World War I battle in Portuguese Mozambique

    Robert (2017). African Kaiser: General Paul Von Lettow-Vorbeck and the Great War in Africa. Hurst. ISBN 978-1-8490-4867-5. Manela, Erez; Gerwarth, Robert

    Battle of Namacurra

    Battle_of_Namacurra

  • History of fascism
  • continuity from the views of Fichte and Hegel, through Bismarck, to Hitler; Robert Gerwarth speaks of a 'direct line' from Bismarck to Hitler. Julian Dierkes sees

    History of fascism

    History of fascism

    History_of_fascism

  • Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic
  • Short-lived revolutionary republic

    February 2026) «La chute de l'Empire», Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace (Fr.) Gerwarth, Robert (11 February 2026). The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed

    Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic

    Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic

    Alsace-Lorraine_Soviet_Republic

  • World War II
  • Global conflict (1939–1945)

    York City: Henry Holt and Company. pp. 527–532. ISBN 9780805076172. Gerwarth, Robert (21 January 2019). "Paris Peace Treaties failed to create a secure

    World War II

    World War II

    World_War_II

  • Horst Böhme (SS officer)
  • German SS officer

    1: SS-Führer A - B. Patzwall, Norderstedt 1998, ISBN 3-931533-38-7. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Horst Böhme (SS officer)

    Horst Böhme (SS officer)

    Horst_Böhme_(SS_officer)

  • Franz Walter Stahlecker
  • German SS officer and Holocaust perpetrator (1900–1942)

    Archived from the original on 2020-10-23. Retrieved 2016-06-19. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Franz Walter Stahlecker

    Franz Walter Stahlecker

    Franz_Walter_Stahlecker

  • List of massacres in Hungary
  • massacres that have occurred in Hungary (numbers may be approximate): Gerwarth, Robert (2008). "The Central European Counter-Revolution: Paramilitary Violence

    List of massacres in Hungary

    List_of_massacres_in_Hungary

  • Franz Josef Huber
  • German SS general (1902–1975)

    The Third Reich: The SS. Time-Life Books, Inc. ISBN 1-84447-073-3. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Franz Josef Huber

    Franz_Josef_Huber

  • Revolutions of 1917–1923
  • Series of political upheavals in the aftermath of World War I

    2307/25140399. JSTOR 25140399. Archived from the original on April 7, 2016. Gerwarth, Robert (August 2008). Kelly, Matthew; Rio, Alice (eds.). "The Central European

    Revolutions of 1917–1923

    Revolutions of 1917–1923

    Revolutions_of_1917–1923

  • Schutzstaffel
  • German Nazi paramilitary organisation (1925–1945)

    New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. 264–276. ISBN 978-0-415-52087-4. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, Connecticut:

    Schutzstaffel

    Schutzstaffel

    Schutzstaffel

  • Ernst Kaltenbrunner
  • Austrian SS official (1903–1946)

    OCLC 31143820. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2012. Gerwarth, Robert (2012). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Ernst Kaltenbrunner

    Ernst Kaltenbrunner

    Ernst_Kaltenbrunner

  • Waffen-SS
  • Military branch of the SS (1933–1945)

    suspicions". The Local. 28 February 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019. Gerwarth, Robert; Böhler, Jochen (2016). The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford University

    Waffen-SS

    Waffen-SS

    Waffen-SS

  • Sicherheitspolizei
  • State security police of Nazi Germany

    Occupation of the Rhineland. London: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-290454-0. Gerwarth, Robert (2012). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Sicherheitspolizei

    Sicherheitspolizei

    Sicherheitspolizei

  • Wilhelm Canaris
  • German admiral (1887–1945)

    The Third Reich in Power. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14303-790-3. Gerwarth, Robert (2012). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Wilhelm Canaris

    Wilhelm Canaris

    Wilhelm_Canaris

  • Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)
  • German police official and head of the Gestapo (1900–c.1945)

    Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-820297-4. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)

    Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)

    Heinrich_Müller_(Gestapo)

  • Political decorations of the Nazi Party
  • Medals and awards of Nazi Germany

    Badges, Decorations, Insignia. Reddick Enterprises. ISBN 0962488348. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Political decorations of the Nazi Party

    Political decorations of the Nazi Party

    Political_decorations_of_the_Nazi_Party

  • Sicherheitsdienst
  • Intelligence agency of the SS and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany

    Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19820-297-4. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Sicherheitsdienst

    Sicherheitsdienst

  • German nationalism
  • Ideological notion

    Wirmer flags]. Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 28 August 2025. Gerwarth, Robert (2005). The Bismarck myth: Weimar Germany and the legacy of the Iron

    German nationalism

    German nationalism

    German_nationalism

  • August Schmidhuber
  • Waffen-SS commander and war criminal (1901–1947)

    SS Units in the Balkans and the Soviet Union". In Böhler, Jochen; Gerwarth, Robert (eds.). The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford, England: Oxford

    August Schmidhuber

    August Schmidhuber

    August_Schmidhuber

  • Kriminalpolizei (Nazi Germany)
  • Criminal police of Nazi Germany

    Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807822081. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Kriminalpolizei (Nazi Germany)

    Kriminalpolizei_(Nazi_Germany)

  • Lidice massacre
  • 1942 Nazi destruction of Czech village

    murdered Lidice children". Czech Radio. 2024-11-19. Retrieved 2024-11-19. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Lidice massacre

    Lidice massacre

    Lidice_massacre

  • Kriminalpolizei
  • German criminal police organisation

    Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807822081. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Kriminalpolizei

    Kriminalpolizei

    Kriminalpolizei

  • Udo von Woyrsch
  • German Nazi politician and SS-Obergruppenführer

    (2006-01-01). The Third Reich in Power. Penguin. p. 36. ISBN 9780143037903. Gerwarth, Robert (2011-01-01). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. Yale University

    Udo von Woyrsch

    Udo von Woyrsch

    Udo_von_Woyrsch

  • Second Schleswig War
  • War between Denmark, Prussia, and Austria in 1864

    1998, p. 21. Gerwarth 2005, p. 20. Gerwarth 2005, pp. 20–21. Gerwarth 2005, pp. 1–2. Gerwarth 2005, pp. 1–3. Gerwarth 2005, pp. 3–4. Gerwarth 2005, p. 75

    Second Schleswig War

    Second Schleswig War

    Second_Schleswig_War

  • White Terror (Hungary)
  • Repressive period in Hungary (1919–1921)

    Terror (Hungary) Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920) Gerwarth, Robert (2008). "The Central European Counter-Revolution: Paramilitary Violence

    White Terror (Hungary)

    White Terror (Hungary)

    White_Terror_(Hungary)

  • Bismarckjugend
  • Anti-Marxist youth movement in Weimar Germany

    in 1920. Bismarckjugend published Deutsches Echo ('German Echo'). Gerwarth, Robert. The Bismarck Myth: Weimar Germany and the Legacy of the Iron Chancellor

    Bismarckjugend

    Bismarckjugend

    Bismarckjugend

  • Walter Bertsch
  • German SS and Nazi Party member (1900–1952)

    Czechoslovakia to the German government and sentenced to life imprisonment. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. Yale University Press

    Walter Bertsch

    Walter Bertsch

    Walter_Bertsch

  • Norwegian Legion
  • Military unit

    (2017). "Germanic Volunteers from Northern Europe". In Böhler, Jochen; Gerwarth, Robert (eds.). The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford: Oxford University

    Norwegian Legion

    Norwegian Legion

    Norwegian_Legion

  • Allgemeine SS
  • Main branch of the SS (1934–1945)

    (2004) [1988]. The Third Reich: The SS. Time-Life. ISBN 1-84447-073-3. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Allgemeine SS

    Allgemeine SS

    Allgemeine_SS

  • Freikorps
  • Reactionary German paramilitants

    Twentieth-Century Europe. New York: Routledge. pp. 50–70. ISBN 978-0-049-40087-0. Gerwarth, Robert (2008). "The Central European Counter-Revolution: Paramilitary Violence

    Freikorps

    Freikorps

    Freikorps

  • Léon Degrelle
  • Belgian politician (1906–1994)

    Tintin. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195397598. Böhler, Jochen; Gerwarth, Robert (2017). The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford University Press

    Léon Degrelle

    Léon Degrelle

    Léon_Degrelle

  • Free Corps Denmark
  • Military unit

    (2017). "Germanic Volunteers from Northern Europe". In Böhler, Jochen; Gerwarth, Robert (eds.). The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford: Oxford University

    Free Corps Denmark

    Free Corps Denmark

    Free_Corps_Denmark

  • Lidice
  • Municipality in Central Bohemian, Czech Republic

    Czech). Obec Lidice. 2 October 2018. pp. 13–14. Retrieved 6 April 2023. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Lidice

    Lidice

    Lidice

  • Nazism
  • German fascist ideology

    Berghahn Books, 2002, p. 90. Gerwarth 2007, p. 150. Gerwarth 2007, p. 149. Gerwarth 2007, p. 54. Gerwarth 2007, pp. 54, 131. Gerwarth 2007, p. 131. David Nicholls

    Nazism

    Nazism

    Nazism

  • Werner Best
  • German jurist and SS general (1903–1989)

    1933–1945. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19820-297-4. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Werner Best

    Werner Best

    Werner_Best

  • Battle and massacre at Shar al-Shatt
  • Part of the Italo-Turkish War in 1911

    [Tripoli Italiana: The Italian-Turkish War]. Società libraria italiana. Gerwarth, Robert; Manela, Erez (2014). Empires at War: 1911–1923. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-100694-4

    Battle and massacre at Shar al-Shatt

    Battle and massacre at Shar al-Shatt

    Battle_and_massacre_at_Shar_al-Shatt

  • Arthur Nebe
  • German SS functionary and Holocaust perpetrator (1894–1945)

    Military In World War II. New York: Berghahn Books. ISBN 1-57181-232-6. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Arthur Nebe

    Arthur Nebe

    Arthur_Nebe

  • Einsatzgruppen
  • Nazi paramilitary death squads, part of the SS

    (in German). Bielefeld: transcript Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8394-0773-8. Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale

    Einsatzgruppen

    Einsatzgruppen

    Einsatzgruppen

  • 30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS
  • German infantry division

    Clarke, Jeffrey J.; Smith, Robert Ross (1993). Riviera to the Rhine. Washington: GPO. Böhler, Jochen; Gerwarth, Robert (2017). The Waffen-SS: A European

    30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS

    30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS

    30th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS

  • Italo-Turkish War
  • 1911–1912 war in Libya and the Aegean Sea

    Small Wars Journal". smallwarsjournal.com. Retrieved 25 March 2018. Gerwarth, Robert; Manela, Erez (3 July 2014). Empires at War: 1911–1923. OUP Oxford

    Italo-Turkish War

    Italo-Turkish War

    Italo-Turkish_War

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  • ROBERTO
  • Male

    Italian

    ROBERTO

    Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish form of Latin Robertus, ROBERTO means "bright fame."

    ROBERTO

  • Roberto
  • Boy/Male

    American, Australian, British, Chinese, Danish, English, French, German, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, Spanish, Swiss, Teutonic

    Roberto

    Bright with Fame; Wide Fame; Spanish Form of Robert Shining Fame

    Roberto

  • Rubert
  • Boy/Male

    Australian, Czech, Danish, German, Swedish

    Rubert

    Famous Brilliance from Robert; Bright Famous One

    Rubert

  • ROBERTA
  • Female

    Italian

    ROBERTA

     Feminine form of Latin Robertus, ROBERTA means "bright fame." In use by the Italians, Portuguese and Spanish. Compare with another form of Roberta.

    ROBERTA

  • ALBERT
  • Male

    French

    ALBERT

     French name derived from Latin Albertus, ALBERT means "bright nobility." Compare with other forms of Albert.

    ALBERT

  • Robers
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Robers

    English : variant of Roberts.

    Robers

  • Robart
  • Surname or Lastname

    English and French

    Robart

    English and French : variant of Robert.

    Robart

  • ALBERT
  • Male

    English

    ALBERT

     Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon Æthelbert, ALBERT means "bright nobility." Compare with other forms of Albert.

    ALBERT

  • ROBERTE
  • Female

    French

    ROBERTE

    Feminine form of Norman French Robert, ROBERTE means "bright fame."

    ROBERTE

  • Robarts
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Robarts

    English : patronymic from Robart.

    Robarts

  • Robert
  • Surname or Lastname

    English, French, German, Dutch, Hungarian (Róbert), etc

    Robert

    English, French, German, Dutch, Hungarian (Róbert), etc : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements hrōd ‘renown’ + berht ‘bright’, ‘famous’. This is found occasionally in England before the Conquest, but in the main it was introduced into England by the Normans and quickly became popular among all classes of society. The surname is also occasionally borne by Jews, as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.A Robert from La Rochelle, France is documented in Trois-Rivières, Quebec, in 1666, with the secondary surname Lafontaine. A family from the Saintonge region of France are recorded in Contrecoeur in 1681, with the secondary surname Deslauriers. Other secondary surnames include Saint-Amand, Breton and Lebreton, Watson, La Pomeray, Durandeau, and Dureau.

    Robert

  • ELBERT
  • Male

    English

    ELBERT

    English variant spelling of French Albert, ELBERT means "bright nobility."

    ELBERT

  • Roberds
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Roberds

    English : variant of Roberts.

    Roberds

  • ROBERT
  • Male

    English

    ROBERT

     English form of Anglo-Saxon Hreodbeorht, ROBERT means "bright fame." Compare with another form of Robert.

    ROBERT

  • Robert
  • Boy/Male

    German American Shakespearean Teutonic English French Scottish

    Robert

    Famed, bright; shining. An all-time favorite boys' name since the Middle Ages. Famous Bearers:...

    Robert

  • Roberts
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Roberts

    English : patronymic from the personal name Robert. This surname is very frequent in Wales and west central England. It is also occasionally borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of a like-sounding Jewish surname.

    Roberts

  • ROBERT
  • Male

    Czechoslovakian

    ROBERT

    , bright fame.

    ROBERT

  • ROBERT
  • Male

    French

    ROBERT

     Norman French form of Latin Robertus, ROBERT means "bright fame." Compare with another form of Robert.

    ROBERT

  • Robert
  • Boy/Male

    American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Czechoslovakian, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Indian, Irish, Italian, Jamaican, Netherlands, Polish, Scottish, Swedish, Swiss, Teutonic

    Robert

    Bright with Fame; Famed; Bright; Shining; An All-time Favorite Boys Name Since the Middle Ages; A; 14th-century King Robert the Bruce; Robert Burns the Poet

    Robert

  • RHOBERT
  • Male

    Welsh

    RHOBERT

    Welsh form of German Hrodebert, RHOBERT means "bright fame." 

    RHOBERT

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Online names & meanings

  • Leverson
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Leverson

    English : patronymic from Lever 3.

  • Uwaim |
  • Boy/Male

    Muslim

    Uwaim |

  • Drakeford
  • Surname or Lastname

    English (West Midlands)

    Drakeford

    English (West Midlands) : probably a habitational name from a lost or unidentified place.

  • Ishtaa
  • Girl/Female

    Hindu, Indian

    Ishtaa

    Name of Goddess Lakshmi and a Name Given to Karmic Yoga

  • Marzooq |
  • Boy/Male

    Muslim

    Marzooq |

    Blessed by (God), Fortunate

  • Cortney
  • Boy/Male

    English American

    Cortney

    Lives in the court.

  • Akshee
  • Girl/Female

    Indian, Sanskrit

    Akshee

    Abode; Existence; Eye

  • Dhuhita | துஹிதா
  • Girl/Female

    Tamil

    Dhuhita | துஹிதா

  • Renilde
  • Girl/Female

    French, German, Teutonic

    Renilde

    Wise Strength

  • Aashvani
  • Girl/Female

    Indian

    Aashvani

    Female horse

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ROBERT GERWARTH

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ROBERT GERWARTH

  • Rover
  • v. i.

    One who practices robbery on the seas; a pirate.

  • Ranger
  • n.

    One who ranges; a rover; sometimes, one who ranges for plunder; a roving robber.

  • Randan
  • n.

    A boat propelled by three rowers with four oars, the middle rower pulling two.

  • Overt
  • a.

    Not covert; open; public; manifest; as, an overt act of treason.

  • Robust
  • a.

    Evincing strength; indicating vigorous health; strong; sinewy; muscular; vigorous; sound; as, a robust body; robust youth; robust health.

  • Covert
  • v. t.

    Under cover, authority or protection; as, a feme covert, a married woman who is considered as being under the protection and control of her husband.

  • Robert
  • n.

    See Herb Robert, under Herb.

  • Robust
  • a.

    Requiring strength or vigor; as, robust employment.

  • Sober
  • superl.

    Not intoxicated or excited by spirituous liquors; as, the sot may at times be sober.

  • Sober-minded
  • a.

    Having a disposition or temper habitually sober.

  • Covert
  • v. t.

    Sheltered; not open or exposed; retired; protected; as, a covert nook.

  • Sober
  • v. t.

    To make sober.

  • Sober
  • superl.

    Not proceeding from, or attended with, passion; calm; as, sober judgment; a man in his sober senses.

  • Sober
  • v. i.

    To become sober; -- often with down.

  • Robe
  • v. t.

    To invest with a robe or robes; to dress; to array; as, fields robed with green.

  • Revert
  • v. t.

    To change back. See Revert, v. i.

  • Sober
  • superl.

    Temperate in the use of spirituous liquors; habitually temperate; as, a sober man.

  • Scourer
  • n.

    A rover or footpad; a prowling robber.

  • Robed
  • imp. & p. p.

    of Robe