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Rocket engine providing negative thrust used to slow the motion of an aerospace vehicle
A retrorocket (short for retrograde rocket) is a rocket engine providing thrust opposing the motion of a vehicle, thereby causing it to decelerate. They
Retrorocket
First multi crew and EVA-capable spacecraft
spacecraft was, essentially, a Vostok spacecraft that had a backup solid fuel retrorocket added to the top of the descent module. The ejection seat was removed
Voskhod_(spacecraft)
Nuclear weapons delivery system
the missile's retrorocket, the RD-854 engine, causing the warhead to take on a ballistic path towards its target. The warhead, retrorocket, and guidance
Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
Fractional_Orbital_Bombardment_System
Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moon's surface
Soviet, U.S., Chinese and Indian spacecraft have used braking rockets (retrorockets) to make soft landings and perform scientific operations on the lunar
Moon_landing
1960s NASA program to soft-land robotic probes on the Moon
impact trajectory, from 2.6 km/s relative to the Moon before firing retrorockets to a soft landing about 3 minutes 10 seconds later. Each craft was planned
Surveyor_program
First United States human spaceflight (1961)
blunt heat shield forward for atmospheric re-entry. He also tested the retrorockets which would return later missions from orbit, though the capsule did
Mercury-Redstone_3
Retired American solid rocket stage
flown from 1962 to 1984. The BE-3 motor was originally made for use as a retrorocket on the Ranger moon missions, though would later fly multiple times as
BE-3_(solid_motor)
Soviet spacecraft
Vostok's retrorocket could fail and leave the cosmonaut stuck in orbit. It was too late in the spacecraft's design phase to add a backup retrorocket, but
Korabl-Sputnik_3
First American orbital spaceflight
undecided on the course of action to take. Some controllers thought the retrorocket pack should be jettisoned after retrofire, while other controllers thought
Mercury-Atlas_6
Space probe
the objective of achieving a soft landing on the Moon; however, its retrorocket firing occurred too late, and suffered a hard impact on the lunar surface
Luna_8
First human spaceflight in history
backup retrorocket engine. The spacecraft carried 13 days of provisions to allow for survival and natural orbital decay in the event the retrorockets failed
Vostok_1
Initial American crewed spaceflight program (1958–1963)
communications stations; back-up controls were outfitted on board. Small retrorockets were used to bring the spacecraft out of its orbit, after which an ablative
Project_Mercury
1961–1966 US human spaceflight program
essentially an enlarged version of the Mercury capsule. Unlike Mercury, the retrorockets, electrical power, propulsion systems, oxygen, and water were located
Project_Gemini
2015 studio album by Pat Travers
For spacecraft, see Retrorocket Retro Rocket is the follow-up studio album by Pat Travers to Can Do (2013). The album was released on Cleopatra Records
Retro_Rocket
Soviet spaceflight program
spacecraft was basically a Vostok spacecraft that had a backup, solid-fueled retrorocket added to the top of the descent module. As it was much heavier, the launch
Voskhod_programme
First great ape launched into space (1957–1983)
p. 138. "Chop Chop Chang Commemorative Patch (HAM the Astrochimp)". Retrorocket Emblems. Retrieved May 20, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival
Ham_(chimpanzee)
Space probe
first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, however its retrorockets failed, and the spacecraft impacted the lunar surface. Luna 5 was launched
Luna_5
Missions and flights of NASA's Apollo Program
fueled Service Module, which would have required building a lightweight retrorocket module for deorbit. These plans were eventually scrapped in favor of
List_of_Apollo_missions
Conceptual rocket design
landing in the ocean. It would use parachutes to slow descent, with retrorockets (on top) for a final soft touchdown. "Convair NEXUS". Aerospace Projects
General_Dynamics_Nexus
First multi-crew spaceflight
spacecraft were basically Vostok spacecraft with a backup solid-fuel retrorocket added onto the top of the descent module. The ejection seat was removed
Voskhod_1
1961 American crewed sub-orbital spaceflight
saw what appeared to be two of the spent retrorockets pass across the periscope view after the retrorocket package had been jettisoned. Pitching the
Mercury-Redstone_4
Lunar lander spacecraft
directly into a trajectory to the Moon without any parking orbit. Its retrorockets were turned off at a height of about 3.4 meters above the lunar surface
Surveyor_1
Airborne infantry fighting vehicle
which hang beneath the pallet. As soon as the rods touch the ground a retrorocket fires, slowing the BMD to a descending speed between 6 m/s and 7 m/s
BMD-2
1969 Soviet space probe
Aldrin had already set foot on the Moon when Luna 15 fired its main retrorocket engine to initiate descent to the surface at 15:47 UT on 21 July 1969
Luna_15
Cast of franchise inspired by Roald Dahl
There, the Knids bludgeon the capsule with their own bodies, until its retrorockets and communications are useless; whereupon Wonka, Charlie, and Grandpa
List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters
List_of_Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_characters
Vehicle propelled by ejection of gases
to soften a hard parachute landing immediately before touchdown (see retrorocket). Rockets were used to propel a line to a stricken ship so that a Breeches
Rocket
1966 uncrewed space mission of the Soviet Union's Luna programme
200 mi) from the Moon, the spacecraft was oriented for the firing of its retrorockets and its spin was stopped in preparation for landing. From this moment
Luna_9
American super heavy-lift expendable rocket
accessories, base heat shield, engine fairings and fins, propellant lines, retrorockets, and environmental control ducts. The lower thrust ring has four holddown
Saturn_V
First crewed spacecraft built by the Soviet Union
horizontal position. Even then, the cosmonaut experienced 8 to 9g. If the retrorocket failed, the spacecraft would naturally decay from orbit within ten days
Vostok_(spacecraft)
American astronaut and politician (1921–2016)
deal with this problem, ground controllers decided that leaving the retrorocket pack in place might help keep the loose heat shield in place. They relayed
John_Glenn
Component of the Apollo spacecraft
place the spacecraft into and out of lunar orbit. It also served as a retrorocket to perform the deorbit burn for Earth orbital flights. The propellants
Apollo command and service module
Apollo_command_and_service_module
Soviet orbiter/lander mission to Mars (1971–1972)
atmosphere at roughly 5.7 km/s. Through aerodynamic braking, parachutes, and retrorockets, the lander achieved a soft landing at 45°S 202°E / 45°S 202°E / -45;
Mars_3
First stage of the Saturn V rocket
retrorockets were located inside each of the four conical engine fairings. At separation of the S-IC from the flight vehicle, the eight retrorockets fired
S-IC
1961 American space flight
environmental control system, attitude stabilization control system, live retrorockets, voice communications system, "closed loop" abort sensing system, and
Mercury-Redstone_2
American astronaut (1927–2004)
recalled, "my eyeballs out the window for attitude. Then I fired my retrorockets at the right time and landed right by the carrier." Faith 7 splashed
Gordon_Cooper
US–USSR spaceflight capability rivalry
re-entry. The reentry involved two more challenges: an improperly timed retrorocket firing caused the Voskhod 2 to land 386 kilometers (240 mi) off its designated
Space_Race
Soviet airborne infantry fighting vehicle
which hang beneath the pallet. As soon as the rods touch the ground retrorocket fires, slowing the BMD to a descending speed between 6 m/s and 7 m/s
BMD-1
First space station launched and operated by NASA (1973–1979)
potential risks of a space station reentry, but decided not to incorporate a retrorocket system in Skylab due to cost and acceptable risk. The spent 49-ton Saturn
Skylab
Rate of change of velocity
inertial force pushing them forward. Such deceleration is often achieved by retrorocket burning in spacecraft. Both acceleration and deceleration are treated
Acceleration
1962 robotic lunar exploration mission by NASA; malfunctioned
635 mm in diameter (25 inches), a mono-propellant mid-course motor, a retrorocket with a thrust of 5080 pounds force (22.6 kN), and a gold- and chrome-plated
Ranger_3
First crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
director decided to abort the mission. After 18 orbits, Soyuz 1 fired its retrorockets and reentered the Earth's atmosphere. Despite the technical difficulties
Soyuz_1
Soviet crewed spaceflight; world's first space walk
Voskhod 2 spacecraft was a Vostok spacecraft with a backup, solid fuel retrorocket, attached atop the descent module. The ejection seat was removed and
Voskhod_2
Fifth crewed Moon landing
restoration of four retrorockets to the S-IC first stage, meaning there would be a total of eight, as on Apollo 14 and earlier. The retrorockets were used to
Apollo_16
Reconnaissance missile
board the rocket taking pictures of the target area, before a second retrorocket motor, located in the nose of the rocket, fired to return it to its point
Ping-Pong_(rocket)
American aerospace engineer (1924–2019)
overruled Kraft, telling him to instruct Glenn to leave the capsule's retrorocket package on during re-entry. The reasoning was that the package, which
Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr.
use the main retrorocket motor to reduce the descent velocity. At approximately 5,600 feet above the target area, the second retrorocket would fire once
Lunar_penetrometer
Test flight of the Redstone rocket and Mercury spacecraft
the pad. Various other dangers existed as well, such as the capsule's retrorocket package and the range safety destruct charges. Furthermore, the capsule's
Mercury-Redstone_1
Landing that does not result in significant damage to the vehicle or its payload
achieved by Parachute—often this is into water. Vertical rocket power using retrorockets, often referred to as VTVL (vertical landing referred to as VTOL, is
Soft_landing
1962 Soviet human spaceflights into low Earth orbit
scheduled eight-hour sleep period, feeling "refreshed". Nikolayev fired his retrorocket pack and returned to Earth on August 15, 1962, landing at 06:52 UTC at
Vostok_3_and_4
American astronaut (1930–2021)
Young to pull him back in with the umbilical. The duo activated the retrorockets on their 43rd orbit, and they splashed down in the Atlantic at 16:06
Michael_Collins_(astronaut)
Third flight of the Saturn I
timed cut-offs of previous flights. SA-3 also featured the first use of retrorockets on Apollo hardware. These were the only functional part on SA-3 of what
Saturn_I_SA-3
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1930–2018)
lower its perigee to 72 km (45 mi). On the third orbit, Young fired the retrorockets to begin re-entry. The lift the capsule experienced during reentry was
John_Young_(astronaut)
(1965) Venera 2 – Venus (1966) Mars 4 – Intended to orbit Mars, but retrorocket failed, mission partial success (1974) Mars 6 coast stage – Mars (1974)
List of artificial objects in heliocentric orbit
List_of_artificial_objects_in_heliocentric_orbit
American expendable launch system
lengthened for longer burn time and unnecessary vernier engines and retrorockets were removed. Because the second stage engine had had issues with combustion
Titan_II_GLV
1962 American unmanned space flight intended to study the Moon
diameter, a mono-propellant mid-course motor, a 22.6 kN (5,080 lbf) thrust retrorocket, and a gold- and chrome-plated hexagonal base 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in diameter
Ranger_4
Soviet and Russian spacecraft navigation system
ground.[citation needed] However, the IMP would become crucial if manual retrorocket activation became compromised by failure of either the flight sequencer
Voskhod Spacecraft "Globus" IMP navigation instrument
Voskhod_Spacecraft_"Globus"_IMP_navigation_instrument
Uncrewed suborbital test-flight of the Mercury spacecraft
flight. The spacecraft tested its instrumentation, posigrade rockets, retrorockets and recovery system. The mission was completely successful. The Mercury
Mercury-Redstone_1A
Gas layer surrounding planet Mercury
approach, due to the Sun's gravitational pull. This requires the use of retrorockets, which use fuel that the probe must carry instead of better instruments
Atmosphere_of_Mercury
Manned NASA spacecraft
orbital flights. The spacecraft had heating blankets removed from the retrorocket motors, to save weight, and a SOFAR bomb was added. This would be ejected
Mercury-Atlas_8
Soviet-era program that sent dogs to space
"other animals", plants and insects. Due to a reentry error when the retrorockets failed to shut off when planned, their spacecraft was intentionally destroyed
Soviet_space_dogs
Soft landing system for Mars rovers
landed this way; instead, a landing system that combined parachutes and retrorockets was developed. The sky crane is a platform with eight engines that lowers
Sky_crane_(landing_system)
Chinese rover on Mars
the Utopia Planitia, using a combination of aeroshell, parachute, and retrorocket. With the landing, China became the second country to operate a fully
Zhurong_(rover)
NASA test rocket (1960)
the spacecraft. The capsule carried live separation rockets, but dummy retrorockets. Several other systems were not installed, including the cabin pressurization
Mercury-Atlas_1
Fourth crewed Moon landing
be launched. The propellant reserves were reduced and the number of retrorockets on the S-IC first stage (used to separate the spent first stage from
Apollo_15
Pair of NASA landers and orbiters sent to Mars in 1976
and was released from the parachute. The lander then immediately used retrorockets to slow and control its descent, with a soft landing on the surface of
Viking_program
NASA mission to explore Mars via two rovers
Descent is halted by retrorockets and lander is dropped 10 m (33 ft) to the surface in this computer generated impression.
Mars_Exploration_Rover
with retrorockets 2002 2012 22 Soyuz TMA-M 11F747 Russia RKK Energia LEO Soyuz-FG 3 7.48 2.72 7,150 Solar panels Parachute landing with retrorockets 2010
Comparison of crewed space vehicles
Comparison_of_crewed_space_vehicles
Series of fictional vehicles in the Thunderbirds franchise
for research purposes. However, the radiation from the Sun causes the retrorockets to fail, resulting in it going on a collision course with the Sun until
List_of_Thunderbirds_vehicles
Topics referred to by the same term
Australia Retrograde analysis, a type of problem in games, especially chess Retrorocket, a rocket engine Retrospective, a look back at events that took place
Retro_(disambiguation)
British military experiment
Second World War for slowing the landing of air-dropped supplies with retrorockets. The project was initiated by a request from the Army for a method of
Hajile
American astronaut and aquanaut (1925–2013)
delay caused by the automatic sequencer required Carpenter to fire the retrorockets manually. This effort took two pushes of the override button and accounted
Scott_Carpenter
Tanks towed behind, or carried under, an airplane, to glide into a battlefield
BMD-1s with crew members aboard, using a combination of a parachute and retrorocket.[citation needed] Military glider Messerschmitt Me 321 and Junkers Ju
Winged_tank
Nuclear bomb
examined parachutes, rotochutes and retrorockets. Rotochutes could not handle the weapon's weight, while retrorockets placed special operating restrictions
B28_nuclear_bomb
1965 manned United States spaceflight in NASA's Gemini program
to attempt to observe a laser beam originating from the ground. The retrorockets were scheduled to be fired at 46 hours and 10 minutes into the mission
Gemini_6A
1963 NASA Mercury program crewed flight
the spacecraft aligned at a 34° pitchdown angle and manually fired the retrorockets on "Mark!". Cooper had drawn lines on the window to stay aligned with
Mercury-Atlas_9
Month of 1974
flyby when it initially failed to separate from the probe. Because of a retrorocket failure, the probe skipped off of the atmosphere of Mars and flew past
March_1974
Robotic spacecraft sent to Mars
about 5 kilometers per second (3.1 miles per second). The aeroshell's retrorockets fired to begin the lander de-orbit maneuver. After a few hours at about
Viking_1
Landing of a spacecraft on the surface of Mars
A stationary lander can drop from the parachute back shell and ride retrorockets all the way down, but a rover cannot be burdened with rockets that serve
Mars_landing
Suborbital rocket test flight
TV-2 was to test the final Vanguard first stage, as well as to test the retrorocket system of stage two and spin-up of stage three. Also new to test on TV-2
Vanguard_TV-2
Gemini Spacecraft attitude control system
of the translational control engines were mounted on the side of the Retrorocket Module, near the spacecraft's center of mass. Four of these were rated
Orbit Attitude and Maneuvering System
Orbit_Attitude_and_Maneuvering_System
1965 American crewed space mission
lowered the perigee to 72 km (39 nmi). This was made so, in case the retrorockets had failed, the spacecraft would still have reentered the atmosphere
Gemini_3
NASA satellite of the Explorer program (1966–)
mounted on top of the spacecraft. A 35.8 kgf (351 N; 79 lbf) thrust retrorocket (Thiokol TE-M-458) is mounted on top of the bus. Power was stored in
Explorer_33
crewed landing. Landing error ~400 m Viking NASA Mars 1976 280 x 100 km Retrorocket n/a Shoemaker-Levy 9 (comet) Jupiter 1994-07-16 n/a As per IAUC in 1993
List of landing ellipses on extraterrestrial bodies
List_of_landing_ellipses_on_extraterrestrial_bodies
Robotic mission that deployed the ''Curiosity'' rover to Mars in 2012
to create stability and impingement problems when decelerating with retrorockets. Although some previous missions have used airbags to cushion the shock
Mars_Science_Laboratory
Passage of an object through the gases of an atmosphere from outer space
is the only way of expending this, as it is highly impractical to use retrorockets for the entire reentry procedure. Crewed space vehicles must be slowed
Atmospheric_entry
Planned series of uncrewed NASA probes to the planet Mars
probes modified with the use of aeroshells and a combination parachute/retrorocket landing systems. Funding for the program, like that of the entire AAP
Voyager_program_(Mars)
1966–1967 animated television series
ones). In the episode "Ebenezer the Freezer", Batfink has automatic retrorockets built into his wings, but not in any other episode. Sometimes, his wings
Batfink
1962 crewed spaceflight within NASA's Project Mercury
vector. In addition to the attitude error, Carpenter also activated the retrorockets three seconds late, adding another 15 miles (24 km) or so to the trajectory
Mercury-Atlas_7
Soviet aerospace engineer (1907–1966)
possibility of a natural decay of the orbit and reentry in case of primary retrorocket failure. After one uncrewed test flight, this spacecraft carried a crew
Sergei_Korolev
Study of past and present water on Mars
considerably lower the water freezing point. When Phoenix landed, the retrorockets splashed soil and melted ice onto the vehicle. Photographs showed the
Water_on_Mars
Satellite early warning system
to attain orbit. Investigation into the two failures found that the retrorocket package heat shields on both Atlas had broken off during launch, exposing
Missile_Defense_Alarm_System
Individual United States Navy helicopter flown in support of NASA
a survivable landing on a "soft" surface like water, instead of the retrorockets that would be required for a landing on a "hard" surface like land. The
Helicopter_66
Solid-rocket propellant
exploration applications such as NASA's Mars Exploration Rover descent stage retrorockets. In addition, the high-power rocketry community regularly uses APCP in
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant
Ammonium_perchlorate_composite_propellant
American launch vehicle manufactured by General Dynamics
well as upgraded engines and removal of unneeded ICBM hardware such as retrorockets. Although the main engines had greater thrust, the verniers were detuned
Atlas_SLV-3
Class of partially reusable crew capsules
Starliner-1 flight. Aerojet Rocketdyne, reaction control system and retrorockets Airborne Systems, parachutes Bigelow Aerospace, elements of crew capsule
Boeing_Starliner
Failed Soviet flyby/lander mission to Mars (1973–1974)
However, it was eventually released to begin its descent. Due to a retrorocket failure, the probe missed the atmosphere of Mars, and, instead of landing
Mars_7
Space probe
never reestablished, and the mission was unsuccessful. The solid-fuel retrorocket may have exploded near the end of its scheduled burn. Wikimedia Commons
Surveyor_4
Fourth and final TKS spacecraft
spacecraft's VA capsule was greatly modified to carry instruments – the retrorocket and parachute packages were replaced by scientific equipment, including
Kosmos_1686
1967 NASA lunar probe
resulted in failure. An improvised landing sequence which started the retrorocket just 42 km above the Moon (about half the usual height) allowed the vernier
Surveyor_5
Twin NASA flyby missions to Mars (1969–1970)
108-degree azimuth. The Centaur stage on both flights was set up to perform a retrorocket maneuver after capsule separation. This served two purposes, firstly
Mariner_6_and_7
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET
Boy/Male
Indian
Male
Polish
Pet form of Polish Egidiusz, IDZI means "shield of goatskin."
Boy/Male
Teutonic American Celtic German English French
warrior.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Thankful
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Lord Ganesh
Boy/Male
Muslim
Surpassing. Excellent.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Odom, altered by folk etymology as if derived from a place name formed with -ham.
Girl/Female
Australian, Polish
God is Gracious
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Parsi
Rain; Dew
Boy/Male
Tamil
A part who is always winning
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET