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Detection of errors in transcribed text
governmental proofreading requires. Thus, proofreading and editing are fundamentally separate responsibilities. In contrast to proofreaders, copy editors
Proofreading
Different languages use different proofreading marks and sometimes publishers have their own in-house proofreading marks. Lists of these marks can often
List_of_proofreader's_marks
Correction of DNA replication errors
with the elongation (delta and epsilon) have proofreading ability (3' → 5' exonuclease activity).Proofreading also occurs in mRNA translation for protein
Proofreading_(biology)
Web-based proofreading project
uploaded to the proofreading website. A project is created for the book and is made available to the proofreading members. Each book is proofread in three stages
Distributed Proofreaders Canada
Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada
Error correction in biochemical reactions
Kinetic proofreading (or kinetic amplification) is a mechanism for error correction in biochemical reactions, proposed independently by John Hopfield (1974)
Kinetic_proofreading
Inverted V-shaped proof-reader's symbol
V-shaped grapheme, usually inverted and sometimes extended, used in proofreading and typography to indicate that additional material needs to be inserted
Caret_(proofreading)
Web-based proofreading project
together in proofreading drafts of e-texts for errors. As of December 2025,[update] the site had digitized 50,000 titles. Distributed Proofreaders was founded
Distributed_Proofreaders
Mechanism in molecular recognition
Conformational proofreading does not require the consumption of energy and may therefore be used in any molecular recognition system. Conformational proofreading is
Conformational_proofreading
Free online library on a wiki
other digital libraries. Now works are supported by online scans via the ProofreadPage extension, which ensures the reliability and accuracy of the project's
Wikisource
Computer recognition of visual text
Optical character recognition (OCR) or optical character reader is the electronic or mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text
Optical_character_recognition
Series of checksum utilities
The Automatic Proofreader is a series of checksum utilities published by COMPUTE! Publications for its COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette magazines and various
The_Automatic_Proofreader
Type of information
knowledge has been found to robustly predict proofreading skills in university students. A study found that proofreading had a larger correlation with general
General_knowledge
American poet
other performances: Like You Know on YouTube What Teachers Make on YouTube The Impotence of Proofreading on YouTube Like Lilly Like Wilson on YouTube
Taylor_Mali
2016 Japanese drama TV series
literary division Gorō Kishitani as Shion Takehara, a manager of the proofreading section Rika Adachi as Cecil Imai, a receptionist Guest Takeshi Kaga
Jimi ni Sugoi! Kōetsu Girl: Kouno Etsuko
Jimi_ni_Sugoi!_Kōetsu_Girl:_Kouno_Etsuko
Improving the formatting, style, and accuracy of text
guide and is free from factual errors Proofreading: This is the final step in the editing process. Proofreading involves checking the text for typographical
Copy_editing
Symbol representing the word "and" (&)
The Open Court Company, Publishers. "The No-Nonsense Proofreading Course Blog". proofreading-course.com. 20 December 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2026. "Ampersands"
Ampersand
Typographical mark (^)
arose from its visual similarity to the original proofreader's caret, ‸, a mark used in proofreading to indicate where a punctuation mark, word, or phrase
Caret
Medical condition
Polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis (PPAP) is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome, which is characterized by numerous polyps in the
Polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis
Polymerase_proofreading-associated_polyposis
Proofreading symbol to indicate deletion
deleatur[citation needed] (/ˈdiːliː/, /ˌdiːliːˈeɪtər/) is an obelism (a proofreading symbol) used to mark something for deletion. Dele, the more common term
Dele
Adage about hypocritical proscription
or proofreading, there will be a fault of some kind in what you have written; (b) if an author thanks you in a book for your editing or proofreading, there
Muphry's_law
Swiss author (1908–1977)
Information on the proofreader's correspondence course Neue Zürcher Zeitung Druckerei Friedrich Reinhardt Article on German proofreading marks with list
Walter_Heuer_(proofreader)
Desktop publishing software
placed on page layout and graphic design rather than text composition and proofreading. Its discontinuation is planned for October 2026. Publisher is included
Microsoft_Publisher
Online digital book library
Gutenberg is closely affiliated with Distributed Proofreaders, an Internet-based community for proofreading scanned texts. Project Gutenberg is named after
Project_Gutenberg
American rapper (born 1993)
Non-album singles "Fully Loaded" (featuring Lil Gotit) 2019 — — — — "Proofread" (featuring Wiz Khalifa) — — — — Diana "What I Like" (featuring Tyga &
Famous_Dex
Type of motorcycle
the Italian Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and Italian, please proofread it. (March 2024)
Aprilia_RS660
Enzymes that catalyze DNA formation
allows the incorrect base pair to be excised (this activity is known as proofreading). Following base excision, the polymerase can re-insert the correct base
DNA_polymerase
Enzyme
proofreading properties compared with Taq DNA polymerase. Unlike Taq DNA polymerase, Pfu DNA polymerase possesses 3' to 5' exonuclease proofreading activity
Pfu_DNA_polymerase
Topics referred to by the same term
Caret, the free-standing ^ character used in computing. Caret (proofreading), the proofreader's insertion symbols ‸ ⁁ ⎀ CARET Brain Mapping Software Caret
Caret_(disambiguation)
Broadcast television technology
language, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and the original language, please proofread it. (October 2025)
Digital terrestrial television
Digital_terrestrial_television
French firearms manufacturer
the French Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and French, please proofread it. (August 2022)
Fauré_Le_Page
Inhibitors of translation
proteins, like initiation, elongation (including aminoacyl tRNA entry, proofreading, peptidyl transfer, and bacterial translocation) and termination: Rifamycin
Protein_synthesis_inhibitor
Israeli online marketplace for freelance services
highest-paying jobs on Fiverr include website design, social media manager, proofreading, copywriting, and resume writing. Freelancers work from a variety of
Fiverr
Genetic point mutation that results in an amino acid change in a protein
there are errors in DNA replication by using mechanisms such as DNA proofreading and mismatch repair. They can also be repaired by using genetic engineering
Missense_mutation
Initial printing of a work for review
unbound, or in some cases electronically transmitted. They are created for proofreading and copyediting purposes, but may also be used for promotional and review
Galley_proof
French-Genevan scholar (1679–1767)
(Republic of Geneva) during his final 40 years. Abauzit is also notable for proofreading or correcting the writings of Isaac Newton and other scholars. Firmin
Firmin_Abauzit
American scientist (born 1933)
mechanism for error correction in biochemical reactions known as kinetic proofreading to explain the accuracy of DNA replication. Hopfield published his first
John_Hopfield
in the DNA polymerase complex. It functions as a 3’→5’ DNA directed proofreading exonuclease that removes incorrectly incorporated bases during replication
DnaQ
Caret (proofreading) Caret (computing) (^) ⁁ Caret insertion point Caret (proofreading) Caret (computing) (^) ⎀ Insertion symbol Caret (proofreading) Caret
List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks
List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks
2024 operating system version
such as a redesigned Siri, Writing Tools with which selected text can be proofread or have its tone changed, Smart Reply in Mail to quickly draft email responses
MacOS_Sequoia
My Little Pony fanfiction website
Fimfiction features thousands of user groups that cover topics from proofreading to character discussions that serve as a "writing school". Academic studies
Fimfiction
Roman Catholic religious organization
the French Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and French, please proofread it. (August 2022)
Community_of_St._John
Japanese 2-4-0T steam locomotive
Japanese Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and Japanese, please proofread it. (August 2024)
JGR_Class_150
Phrase used at end of writing
may have been dictated to a secretary when the author had no time to proofread or edit it. This practice is common within the medical community, though
Dictated_but_not_read
Class of enzymes which cleave nucleic acids
polymerases comprise two different enzymatic domains: a polymerase and a proofreading exonuclease. The polymerase elongates the new strand in the 5' → 3' direction
Nuclease
German computer scientist and biometry hacker
the German Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and German, please proofread it. (August 2022)
Jan_Krissler
Private housing estate in Hong Kong
language, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and the original language, please proofread it. (August 2022)
Larvotto_(Hong_Kong)
earned the most from proofreading, either for magazines or for authors and their works. For example, Cramer worked as a proofreader for the "Leipziger Zeitung"
Carl Eduard Cramer (publicist)
Carl_Eduard_Cramer_(publicist)
Suite of artificial intelligence tools developed by Apple Inc.
supported. Features include writing tools that assist users with grammar and proofreading, image generation, summaries of system notifications, AI-assisted image
Apple_Intelligence
Historical form of German handwriting, used 1915–1970s
letters in print. The lower-case d in Kurrent and Sütterlin is used in proofreading for deleatur ("let it be deleted"). The Sütterlin lower-case 'e' contains
Sütterlin
Typographic symbol (underline)
underscore or underline is a line drawn under a segment of text. In proofreading, underscoring is a convention that says "set this text in italic type"
Underscore
Bank in Kazakhstan
Russian Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and Russian, please proofread it. (November 2022)
Bereke_Bank
the Polish Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and Polish, please proofread it. (April 2026)
InStreamly
Topics referred to by the same term
vertical bar indicating where text being typed will be inserted a caret (proofreading) is a V-shaped grapheme, usually inverted and sometimes extended, used
Insertion_symbol
Typographical symbol spanning letters)
spacing as punctuation, non-spacing as a diacritic, or (underneath) as a proofreading mark. It can be above or below, and reversed. Its forms are called tie
Tie_(typography)
Doppler radar designed for the Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft
German Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and German, please proofread it. (February 2024)
Euroradar_CAPTOR
Manuscript by Duarte Pacheco Pereira
Portuguese Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and Portuguese, please proofread it. (August 2022)
Esmeraldo_de_Situ_Orbis
Hypothetical stage of abiogenesis
Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and Japanese, please proofread it. (August 2022) This article
GADV-protein_world_hypothesis
Power outage in Japan
Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and Japanese, please proofread it. (November 2023) (Learn
August_2006_Tokyo_blackout
Enzyme which generates DNA
no proofreading ability, causing the aforementioned low fidelity. In 2016, scientists successfully used directed evolution to modify the proofreading Tko
Reverse_transcriptase
Enzyme that synthesizes RNA from DNA
(NMP)n+1 + PPi Unlike the proofreading mechanisms of DNA polymerase those of RNAP have only recently been investigated. Proofreading begins with separation
RNA_polymerase
German Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and German, please proofread it. (February 2024)
German_Gymnastics_Federation
Sexual and gender-based violence committed by Hamas
October 7, 2023 Hamas Attacks" (PDF). Physicians for Human Rights–Israel. Proofreading: Nili Alexandrovitz. Background research: Timor Tal. Cover photo: Oren
Sexual and gender-based violence in the October 7 attacks
Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_in_the_October_7_attacks
a song 〓 222E 1-2-14 3013 geta kigō (ゲタ記号, "geta symbol") Used as a proofreader's mark indicating unavailability of a glyph, such as when a character
List of Japanese typographic symbols
List_of_Japanese_typographic_symbols
Canadian literary magazine
Taddle Creek. Taddle Creek has emphasized the importance of grammar and proofreading in a number of ways. For example Taddle Creek has taken a firm but humorous
Taddle_Creek_(magazine)
Upcoming Japanese film
Cannes Film Festival on 17 May. The film follows Fuyuko, a freelance proofreader living a solitary and structured life, whose routine begins to change
All the Lovers in the Night (film)
All_the_Lovers_in_the_Night_(film)
Catalan Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and Catalan, please proofread it. (January 2024) (Learn
Plataforma_per_la_Llengua
Thermostable form of DNA polymerase I used in polymerase chain reaction
metal ions. One of Taq's drawbacks is its lack of 3' to 5' exonuclease proofreading activity resulting in relatively low replication fidelity. Originally
Taq_polymerase
Polish Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and Polish, please proofread it. (February 2026)
Zagłębie_Museum_in_Będzin
Novel by Sudha Murthy
language, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and the original language, please proofread it. (August 2022) (Learn
Mahashweta
Scottish author of an early Bible concordance, proofreader and publisher
November 1770) was the Scottish author of an early Bible concordance, a proofreader and publisher, and self-styled Corrector of the nation's morals. Alexander
Alexander_Cruden
Service rifle
language, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and the original language, please proofread it. (July 2023)
Karabin_wz._98a
Japanese actor (born 1950)
Junichi Nakagawa Episode 8 2010 Kaibutsu-kun King Monster 2016 Pretty Proofreader Daisaku Hongō Special appearance 2017 Moribito: Guardian of the Spirit
Takeshi_Kaga
Brazilian instrumentalist, composer, and conductor
Portuguese Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and Portuguese, please proofread it. (August 2022)
Jaques_Morelenbaum
the Persian Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and Persian, please proofread it. (August 2022)
Sadjad_Pourghanad
1947 film by Norman Z. McLeod
story by James Thurber. The film stars Danny Kaye as a young daydreaming proofreader for a magazine publishing firm and Virginia Mayo as the woman of his
The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (1947 film)
The_Secret_Life_of_Walter_Mitty_(1947_film)
Typographic symbol (#)
prescription (e.g. 60Gy in 30#), or the fraction number (#9 of 25). As a proofreading mark, to indicate that a space should be inserted. Publishing: When submitting
Number_sign
Book by Jawaharlal Nehru
knowledge of the subjects discussed in the book. They also assisted in proofreading Nehru's work and offered creative suggestions. The book was first published
The_Discovery_of_India
French psychologist, novelist, and poet (born 1940)
French Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and French, please proofread it. (August 2022) (Learn how
Franck_Pavloff
Dutch written symbol
ways.[unreliable source] The German penny symbol, ₰. Some forms of the proofreading symbol dele. Check mark § International differences "Waar komt het vandaan
Flourish_of_approval
Punctuation mark
move-left symbols or move right symbols) are added to the sides of text in proofreading to indicate changes in indentation: Square brackets are used to denote
Bracket
University in Russia
language, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and the original language, please proofread it. (August 2022)
North-Eastern Federal University
North-Eastern_Federal_University
Species of archaeon
amplification by way of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because of its proofreading activity. Utilizing P. furiosus in PCR DNA amplification instead of the
Pyrococcus_furiosus
Paper or other physical form of information
refers to a manuscript or typewritten document that has been edited and proofread and is ready for typesetting or being read on-air in a radio or television
Hard_copy
American writer and producer
first jobs were doing secretarial work at a Chicago law firm and later proofreading copy for advertisements that played on Twin Cities radio stations. Cody
Diablo_Cody
AI accelerator series by Apple Inc.
like improvements to Siri, creating images with 'Image Playground' and proofreading and correcting text with 'Writing Tools'. The Neural Engine also provides
Neural_Engine
Person who transcribes manuscript to type
a printer. Before introduction of computers, an additional skill of proofreading and document editing were critical. Copy typists learn to touch type
Copy_typist
Christian nonprofit organization
Regardless of the language, bibles had to be proofread before publication. The society usually did proofreading in-house but by the early 1970s were also
American_Bible_Society
Lightweight markup language
supports reStructuredText, as do GitHub and Bitbucket. In 2011, Distributed Proofreaders, which prepared texts for Project Gutenberg, was considering adoption
ReStructuredText
Mechanism of DNA replication
process. Thus, the process remains accurate with the help of repair and proofreading mechanisms. Semiconservative replication ensures accurate genetic information
Semiconservative_replication
1961 novel by V. S. Naipaul
" The book took him three years to write. Naipaul finished the final proofreading of the book in May 1961. The book was first published in London by André
A_House_for_Mr_Biswas
Venezuelan politician
the Spanish Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and Spanish, please proofread it. (August 2022)
Blanca_Eekhout
Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
100 million reactions in high-fidelity mammalian polymerases. Similar proofreading mechanisms are also found in RNA polymerase, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
Enzyme
American author and copy editor
acting. He worked in bars and restaurants before turning to freelance proofreading, and then copy editing. In 1993, he joined Random House full time as
Benjamin_Dreyer
30) include, but are not limited to: DNA replication infidelity DNA proofreading is the process by which DNA polymerase excises an incorrectly incorporated
Mutational_signatures
16th-century citadel in Manila, Philippines
Islands 1493-1898. Vol. Volume 4. Jeroen Hellingman and the Distributed Proofreaders Team, 2004. Print. "Fort Santiago, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines".
Fort_Santiago
Aircraft designer
the Russian Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. If you are confident enough in your fluency of English and Russian, please proofread it. (August 2022)
Viktor_Belyaev
Rego Almeida 84 Politician Brazil (Curitiba) Joseph Daaboul 62 Poet and proofreader Lebanon Lorna Irungu 51 Television presenter and executive Kenya (Nairobi)
List of deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic
List_of_deaths_due_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic
Assembly of proteins inside biological cells
synthesis, the RNA polymerase enzyme contains its own proofreading mechanism. The proofreading mechanisms allows the RNA polymerase to remove incorrect
Protein_biosynthesis
Kingdom of viruses
RdRp is prone to making errors in replication since it typically lacks proofreading mechanisms to repair errors. Mutations in RNA viruses are often influenced
Orthornavirae
English darts player (1957–2018)
was earning £120 per weekend playing darts, versus £12 a week at his proofreading job. He gave up his job to become a full-time darts player. In the early
Eric_Bristow
PROOFREADING
PROOFREADING
PROOFREADING
PROOFREADING
Girl/Female
Muslim
Content, Satisfied
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Mattingley in Hampshire, named in Old English as Mattinglēah ‘woodland clearing (lēah) associated with (-inga) a man called Matta’.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Guardian (Allah)
Girl/Female
Indian
Palm, Calm, Nightingale, Key, A list
Girl/Female
English
This name is derived from the name of the Christian festival, and occasionally given to children...
Girl/Female
Italian
Royalty. Italian royalty title.
Boy/Male
Greek
A cowherd.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Body; Sheath
Girl/Female
Arabic, Hebrew
Colour of Earth; Young Deer; Dust
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Colors of Krishna
PROOFREADING
PROOFREADING
PROOFREADING
PROOFREADING
PROOFREADING