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A process hazard analysis (PHA) (or process hazard evaluation) is an exercise for the identification of hazards of a process facility and the qualitative
Process_hazard_analysis
Method for assessing risk
A hazard analysis is one of many methods that may be used to assess risk. At its core, the process entails describing a system object (such as a person
Hazard_analysis
Systematic preventive approach to food safety
Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP; /ˈhæsʌp/) is a systematic preventive approach to food safety from biological, chemical, and physical
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point
Hazard_Analysis_Critical_Control_Point
Failure analysis system used in safety engineering and reliability engineering
(1992-02-24) its Process Safety Management (PSM) standard in 19 CFR 1910.119. OSHA PSM recognizes FTA as an acceptable method for process hazard analysis (PHA).
Fault_tree_analysis
environment. Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) is a set of organized and systematic assessments of the potential hazards for an industrial process used to analyze
Industrial_fire
Procedure to integrate safety practices into a particular task
proactive hazard identification and risk control. The process is also referred to as: Job Hazard Analysis: (JHA), "Hazardous Task Analysis" (HTA), or
Job_safety_analysis
Study of risks in a plan or operation
A hazard and operability study (HAZOP) is a structured and systematic examination of a complex system, usually a process facility or machinery, in order
Hazard_and_operability_study
Technique for evaluting hazards in systems
protection analysis (LOPA) is a technique for evaluating the hazards, risks and layers of protection associated with a system, such as a chemical process plant
Layers_of_protection_analysis
(RAGAGEP). A process hazard analysis (PHA) (or process hazard evaluation) is an exercise for the identification of hazards of a process facility and the
Process Safety Management (OSHA regulation)
Process_Safety_Management_(OSHA_regulation)
Branch of statistics
Survival analysis is used in several ways: To describe the survival times of members of a group Life tables Kaplan–Meier curves Survival function Hazard function
Survival_analysis
Situation or object that can cause harm
A hazard is a potential source of harm. Substances, events, or circumstances can constitute hazards when their nature would potentially allow them to
Hazard
they are similar to process hazard analysis (PHA) or the hazard and operability study (HAZOP) studies that are popular in process safety management, particularly
Cyber_PHA
Class of statistical survival models
proportional hazards model, the unique effect of a unit increase in a covariate is multiplicative with respect to the hazard rate. The hazard rate at time
Proportional_hazards_model
Estimation of risk associated with exposure to a given set of hazards
assessment process, hazard analysis identifies the situations and events for all potential or foreseeable hazards. As part of the risk assessment process, judgments
Risk_assessment
British multinational oil and gas company
the Isocracker Unit; failure to resolve process hazard analysis recommendations; failure to resolve process safety management compliance audit items
BP
2005 deadly refinery accident
punishment from reporting incidents or hazards. Process hazard analysis: the plant hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP) failed to identify the column
Texas_City_refinery_explosion
High temperature flame from pressurised fuel
flammable gas, liquid or a two-phase mixture. A jet fire is a significant hazard in process and storage plants which handle or keep flammable fluids under pressure
Jet_fire
Business management practice
understanding hazards and risks , covering process knowledge and documentation management, as well as hazard identification and risk analysis. The third
Process_safety_management
1989 flammable gas explosion accident in Pasadena, Texas, US
general public at all times. OSHA's major findings included: Lack of process hazard analysis Inadequate standard operating procedures (SOPs) Non-fail-safe block
Phillips_disaster_of_1989
Method of identifying the fundamental causes of faults or problems
operations, manufacturing, telecommunications, industrial process control, accident analysis (e.g., in aviation, rail transport, or nuclear plants), medical
Root-cause_analysis
System used in industry to eliminate or minimize exposure to hazards
Hierarchy of hazard control is a system used in industry to prioritize possible interventions to minimize or eliminate exposure to hazards. It is a widely
Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls
Parametric model in survival analysis
analysis, an accelerated failure time model (AFT model) is a parametric model that provides an alternative to the commonly used proportional hazards models
Accelerated failure time model
Accelerated_failure_time_model
Aerospace recommended practice from SAE International
The last 160 pages give an example of the process in action. Some of the methods covered: Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA) Preliminary System Safety
ARP4761
Analysis of potential system failures
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA; often written with "failure modes" in plural) is the process of reviewing as many components, assemblies, and
Failure mode and effects analysis
Failure_mode_and_effects_analysis
Frequency with which an engineered system or component fails
). Rome, New York: Reliability Analysis Center and Rome Laboratory. pp. 35–39. Todinov, MT (2007). "Chapter 2.2 HAZARD RATE AND TIME TO FAILURE DISTRIBUTION"
Failure_rate
Hardware and software controls used on critical process systems
required SIL is determined from a quantitative process hazard analysis (PHA), such as a Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA). The SIL requirements are verified
Safety_instrumented_system
Study, prevention, and management of major hazardous material accidents in process plants
of process safety metrics, safety auditing, etc. Hazard identification, using methods such as audits, checklists, review of MSDS, historical analysis, hazard
Process_safety
2013 explosion in Geismar, Louisiana
pressure protection for a pressure vessel failing to complete a process hazard analysis to address the opening of hot quench water flow into a pressure
Williams Olefins Plant explosion
Williams_Olefins_Plant_explosion
Topics referred to by the same term
natural polyesters Potentially hazardous asteroid Process hazard analysis of an industrial process Pseudohypoaldosteronism, a condition that mimics hypoaldosteronism
PHA
Dangers to or dangers of environments
An environmental hazard is something which is hazardous, either to the natural environment or of the natural environment and which is normally present
Environmental_hazard
Periodicity computation method
Least-squares spectral analysis (LSSA) is a class of methods for estimating a frequency spectrum by fitting sinusoids to data using a least-squares fit
Least-squares spectral analysis
Least-squares_spectral_analysis
safety hazards of nanomaterials include the potential toxicity of various types of nanomaterials, as well as fire and dust explosion hazards. Because
Health and safety hazards of nanomaterials
Health_and_safety_hazards_of_nanomaterials
Food safety regulations
Hazard analysis and risk-based preventive controls (HARPC) is a successor to the hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) food safety system
Hazard analysis and risk-based preventive controls
Hazard_analysis_and_risk-based_preventive_controls
Risk management strategy using a systems-based approach
accidents, system safety analysis focuses on proactively identifying and analysing hazards before an accident can occur. Once these hazards are understood, engineers
System_safety
International safety standard for automotive electrical and electronic systems
given hazard, a hazardous event is considered a lower risk if it is less likely to happen. Within the hazard analysis and risk assessment process of this
ISO_26262
Industrial process plant that manufactures chemicals
spills. Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) is used to assess potential hazards in chemical plants. In 1998, the U. S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation
Chemical_plant
Statistical method
Factor analysis is a statistical method used to describe variability among observed, correlated variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved
Factor_analysis
Sequence of data points over time
values. Generally, time series data is modeled as a stochastic process. While regression analysis is often employed in such a way as to test relationships between
Time_series
Process of using data analysis for predicting population data from sample data
inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties
Statistical_inference
Type of stochastic process
a stationary process (also called a strict/strictly stationary process or strong/strongly stationary process) is a stochastic process whose statistical
Stationary_process
Symbolic representation of accident path and safety barriers
the Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) course notes of a lecture on hazard analysis given at the University of Queensland, Australia in 1979. Other sources
Bow-tie_diagram
Set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships among variables
In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a statistical method for estimating the relationship between a dependent variable (often called the outcome
Regression_analysis
Categorization process for chemical hazards
Occupational exposure banding, also known as hazard banding, is a process intended to quickly and accurately assign chemicals into specific categories
Occupational_exposure_banding
Non-parametric statistic used to estimate the survival function
Trial Data Analysis Using R. CRC Press. pp. 99–108. ISBN 9781439840214. "sts — Generate, graph, list, and test the survivor and cumulative hazard functions"
Kaplan–Meier_estimator
Standard concerning risk assessment
interviews Delphi method Checklist Preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) Hazard and operability study (HAZOP) Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) Toxicity
ISO/IEC_31010
Grouping a set of objects by similarity
and intended use of the results. Cluster analysis as such is not an automatic task, but an iterative process of knowledge discovery or interactive multi-objective
Cluster_analysis
Earthquake probability in a specific area and time
Hazard and Risk Analysis. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108425056. Retrieved January 14, 2021. Natural Resources Canada page on Seismic Hazard
Seismic_hazard
Correlation of a signal with a time-shifted copy of itself, as a function of shift
by noise. Autocorrelation is widely used in signal processing, time domain and time series analysis to understand the behavior of data over time. Different
Autocorrelation
Method used in statistics, pattern recognition, and other fields
Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), normal discriminant analysis (NDA), canonical variates analysis (CVA), or discriminant function analysis is a generalization
Linear_discriminant_analysis
Replacing a material or process with a lower risk alternative
Hazard substitution is a hazard control strategy in which a material or process is replaced with another that is less hazardous. Substitution is the second
Hazard_substitution
Method of quality control
process does not trigger any of the control chart "detection rules" for the control chart, it is said to be "stable". A process capability analysis may
Statistical_process_control
PGA—Purchased gas adjustment PHA—Production Handling Agreement, Process Hazard Analysis PHFFU—Plant held for future use PIDX—Petroleum Industry Data Exchange
List_of_energy_abbreviations
Logical modeling technique
assessment to find hazards or accident scenarios within the system design. Identify the initiating events: Use a hazard analysis to define initiating
Event_tree_analysis
Concept in statistical analysis
Bivariate analysis is one of the simplest forms of quantitative (statistical) analysis. It involves the analysis of two variables (often denoted as X, Y)
Bivariate_analysis
Branch of survival analysis
event analysis, until they are censored. Objectives of recurrent event analysis include: Understanding and describing individual event processes Identifying
Recurrent_event_analysis
Collection of statistical models
size analysis is generally required in psychology. "Provide information on sample size and the process that led to sample size decisions." The analysis, which
Analysis_of_variance
audience analysis is often required in order to maintain the relevance of the analysis. R. C. Goldworthy, C. B. Mayhorn and A. W. Meade dealt with hazard mitigation
Audience_analysis
Type of statistics
information, while descriptive statistics (in the mass noun sense) is the process of using and analysing those statistics. Descriptive statistics is distinguished
Descriptive_statistics
Approximation method in statistics
In regression analysis, least squares is a method to determine the best-fit model by minimizing the sum of the squared residuals—the differences between
Least_squares
International standard for safety-related systems
hazard and risk analysis techniques may be used' and offers guidance on a number of approaches. One of these, for the qualitative analysis of hazards
IEC_61508
Type of adverse event
natural hazards and anthropic processes. For example, groundwater abstraction may trigger groundwater-related subsidence. Effective hazard analysis in any
Natural_disaster
Method of prospective hazards analysis
The structured what-if technique (SWIFT) is a prospective hazards analysis method that uses structured brainstorming with guidewords and prompts to identify
Structured_what-if_technique
Test of normality in frequentist statistics
probability plot Shapiro–Francia test Shapiro, S. S.; Wilk, M. B. (1965). "An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples)". Biometrika. 52 (3–4):
Shapiro–Wilk_test
Design of tasks
involves the manipulation – perhaps unconsciously – of the process of statistical analysis and the degrees of freedom until they return a figure below
Design_of_experiments
Risk assessment standard
26262 standard. The ASIL is established by performing a risk analysis of a potential hazard by looking at the Severity, Exposure and Controllability of
Automotive Safety Integrity Level
Automotive_Safety_Integrity_Level
Statistical method that summarizes and/or integrates data from multiple sources
Bloch R, Egger M (September 1999). "The hazards of scoring the quality of clinical trials for meta-analysis". JAMA. 282 (11): 1054–1060. Bibcode:1999JAMA
Meta-analysis
Statistical model validation technique
model validation techniques for assessing how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set. Cross-validation includes resampling
Cross-validation_(statistics)
Gathering information for analysis
Data collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables
Data_collection
1990 explosion in Channelview, Texas, US
Other terms of the agreement stipulated that ACC would organize a "process hazard analysis staff" for each of its four U.S. facilities (including the Channelview
1990_ARCO_explosion
Simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable
subdivision of statistics encompassing the simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable, i.e., multivariate random variables
Multivariate_statistics
Statistical model used in time series analysis
statistical analysis of time series, an autoregressive–moving-average (ARMA) model is used to represent a (weakly) stationary stochastic process by combining
Autoregressive moving-average model
Autoregressive_moving-average_model
Statistical term
to any form of multiple regression analysis, factor analysis, canonical correlation analysis, discriminant analysis, as well as more general families of
Path_analysis_(statistics)
Tool to assess control of a manufacturing process
the underlying process distributions. Distribution-free control charts are becoming increasingly popular.[citation needed] If analysis of the control
Control_chart
Generates a forecast of future values of a time series
used for analysis of time-series data. Exponential smoothing is one of many window functions commonly applied to smooth data in signal processing, acting
Exponential_smoothing
Interpretation of probability
first mathematical treatment of a non-trivial problem of statistical data analysis using what is now known as Bayesian inference. Mathematician Pierre-Simon
Bayesian_probability
Statistical analysis where the sample size is not fixed in advance
In statistics, sequential analysis or sequential hypothesis testing is statistical analysis where the sample size is not fixed in advance. Instead data
Sequential_analysis
Distribution of an uncertain quantity
dominates the information contained in the data being analyzed. The Bayesian analysis combines the information contained in the prior with that extracted from
Prior_probability
General linear model that blends ANOVA and regression
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is a general linear model that blends ANOVA and regression. ANCOVA evaluates whether the means of a dependent variable
Analysis_of_covariance
Non-parametric method for testing whether samples originate from the same distribution
groups. The parametric equivalent of the Kruskal–Wallis test is the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A significant Kruskal–Wallis test indicates that at
Kruskal–Wallis_test
Numerical measure of a statistical relationship between variables
strongest possible correlation and 0 indicates no correlation. As tools of analysis, correlation coefficients present certain problems, including the propensity
Correlation_coefficient
In mathematics, a quantitative measure of the shape of a set of points
the GNU Free Documentation License. George Mackey (July 1980). "HARMONIC ANALYSIS AS THE EXPLOITATION OF SYMMETRY - A HISTORICAL SURVEY". Bulletin of the
Moment_(mathematics)
Term in statistical hypothesis testing
hypotheses. Power analysis can either be done before (a priori or prospective power analysis) or after (post hoc or retrospective power analysis) data are collected
Power_(statistics)
Variable representing a random phenomenon
specific cases is not always straightforward. The purely mathematical analysis of random variables is independent of such interpretational difficulties
Random_variable
Unintentional release of hazardous chemicals
chemical accidents. Process safety is the engineering discipline dealing with chemical accident hazards understanding and management. Process safety's scope
Chemical_accident
Concepts from statistical hypothesis testing
false negative, is the incorrect acceptance of a false null hypothesis. An analysis commits a Type I error when some baseline assumption is incorrectly rejected
Type_I_and_type_II_errors
Statistical sampling technique
Comparison of Three Methods for Selecting Values of Input Variables in the Analysis of Output from a Computer Code". Technometrics. 21 (2). American Statistical
Latin_hypercube_sampling
Nonparametric test of the null hypothesis
that paper (though in a later paper he gave larger tables). A thorough analysis of the statistic, which included a recurrence allowing the computation
Mann–Whitney_U_test
Metric for fit of statistical models
follow a specified distribution (see Pearson's chi-square test). In the analysis of variance, one of the components into which the variance is partitioned
Goodness_of_fit
exchange of information and opinions throughout the risk analysis process concerning hazards and risks, risk-related factors and risk perceptions, among
Food_safety-risk_analysis
Model used in risk analysis
The Swiss cheese model of accident causation is a model used in risk analysis and risk management. It likens human systems to multiple slices of Swiss
Swiss_cheese_model
Measure of statistical dispersion
"Explicit Scale Estimators with High Breakdown Point" (PDF). L1-Statistical Analysis and Related Methods. Amsterdam: North-Holland. pp. 77–92. Yule, G. Udny
Interquartile_range
Processes that maintain quality at a constant level
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part
Quality_control
Measure of the joint variability
different assets that investors should (in a normative analysis) or are predicted to (in a positive analysis) choose to hold in a context of diversification
Covariance
Agents and situations that pose a threat to the underwater diver
Diving hazards are the agents or situations that pose a threat to the underwater diver or their equipment. Divers operate in an environment for which
Diving_hazards
Statistical hypothesis test for forecasting
his Nobel lecture. However, it remains a popular method for causality analysis in time series due to its computational simplicity. The original definition
Granger_causality
Sub-discipline of systems engineering that emphasizes dependability
failure analysis (Finite-Element Stress and Fatigue analysis, Reliability Hazard Analysis, FTA, FMEA, Human Factor Analysis, Functional Hazard Analysis, etc
Reliability_engineering
Type of chart
estimator (product limit) Proportional hazards models Accelerated failure time (AFT) model First hitting time Hazard function Nelson–Aalen estimator Test
Bar_chart
Criterion for model selection
also called a response variable or an outcome variable. See Regression analysis. See the review paper: Stoica, P.; Selen, Y. (2004), "Model-order selection:
Bayesian information criterion
Bayesian_information_criterion
Estimator for quality of a statistical model
information theory. When a statistical model is used to represent the process that generated the data, the representation will almost never be exact;
Akaike_information_criterion
Covariance and correlation
time series analysis and statistics, the cross-correlation of a pair of random process is the correlation between values of the processes at different
Cross-correlation
PROCESS HAZARD-ANALYSIS
PROCESS HAZARD-ANALYSIS
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : nickname for a reckless person, from Middle English, Old French baiard, baiart ‘foolhardy’ (the name—a derivative of baie ‘reddish brown’—of the magnificent but reckless horse given to Renaud by Charlemagne, according to medieval romances).English and French : metonymic occupational name for a carrier, from Middle English, Old French baiard, baiart ‘hand barrow’, ‘open cart’.English and French : A Huguenot family of this name migrated from France to Antwerp in the 16th century. In 1647 Anna Bayard, widow of Samuel Bayard, and her three young children accompanied her brother Peter Stuyvesant to New Amsterdam aboard the Princess. Her sons Petrus and Nicolas Bayard, both born in Alphen, Netherlands, had many prominent descendants in North America. Peter Stuyvesant’s wife Judith was a Bayard.
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of Old Norse Hallvar�r, HALVARD means "rock defender."
Girl/Female
American, Christian, English, Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Daughter of King
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Hazard.
Female
English
English name derived from the title, itself from Old French princesse, a feminine form of Prince, PRINCESS means "chief, first."
Boy/Male
Greek Shakespearean
A sea god.
Boy/Male
British, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Pakistani
Thousands
Surname or Lastname
English (also established in Ireland), French, and Dutch
English (also established in Ireland), French, and Dutch : nickname for an inveterate gambler or a brave or foolhardy man prepared to run risks, from Middle English, Old French hasard, Middle Dutch hasaert (derived from Old French) ‘game of chance’, later used metaphorically of other uncertain enterprises. The word derives from Arabic az-zahr, from az, assimilated form of the definite article al + zahr ‘die’. It appears to have been picked up in the Holy Land and brought back to Europe by Provençal crusaders.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Harvard.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian
Hard Working
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Izard.
Male
French
French form of Latin Lazarus, LAZARE means "my God has helped."
Male
German
Frisian form of German Eckhard, EDZARD means "strong edge."
Male
Scandinavian
 Scandinavian form of Old Norse Haraldr, HARALD means "army ruler." Compare with another form of Harald.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Danish/Norwegian HÃ¥vard, HAWARD means "high guard." This is an older form of modern English Howard.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Norman personal name Huard, Heward, composed of the Germanic elements hug ‘heart’, ‘mind’, ‘spirit’ + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’.English : from the Anglo-Scandinavian personal name HÄward, composed of the Old Norse elements há ‘high’ + varðr ‘guardian’, ‘warden’.English : variant of Ewart 2.Irish : see Fogarty.Irish (County Clare) surname adopted as an equivalent of Gaelic Ó hÃomhair, which was formerly Anglicized as O’Hure.The house of Howard, the leading family of the English Roman Catholic nobility, was founded by Sir William Howard or Haward of Norfolk (d. 1308). The family acquired the dukedom of Norfolk by marriage. The first duke of Norfolk of the Howard line was created earl marshal of England by Richard III in 1483, and this office has been held by his succeeding male heirs to the present day. They also hold the earldoms of Suffolk, Berkshire, Carlisle, and Effingham. Henry VIII’s fifth queen, Catherine Howard (?1520–42), was a niece of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. American Howards include the father and son John Eager Howard and Benjamin Chew Howard of Baltimore, MD, both MD politicians.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Chaza'el, HAZAEL means "one who sees God." In the bible, this is the name of a king of Syria.
Male
German
 Dutch and German form of Anglo-Saxon Hereweald, HARALD means "army ruler." Compare with another form of Harald.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, from an Anglicized form (Haward) of Danish/Norwegian HÃ¥vard, HOWARD means "high guard."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Howard 1.
PROCESS HAZARD-ANALYSIS
PROCESS HAZARD-ANALYSIS
Boy/Male
Finnish, German
Mighty Warrior
Boy/Male
Hindu
Honest, Divine truth
Girl/Female
Biblical
Solitude, desolation.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Very beautiful
Boy/Male
Tamil
Singhajit | ஸீநà¯à®•à®œà¯€à®¤Â
Defeater of lion
Girl/Female
Australian, Biblical
Handsome; Agreeable
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a habitational name from an unidentified place.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dheeptha | தீபà¯à®¤à¯à®¹à®¾
Goddess Lakshmi
Girl/Female
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Daughter of Milk
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Powerful
PROCESS HAZARD-ANALYSIS
PROCESS HAZARD-ANALYSIS
PROCESS HAZARD-ANALYSIS
PROCESS HAZARD-ANALYSIS
PROCESS HAZARD-ANALYSIS
n.
The act of proceeding; continued forward movement; procedure; progress; advance.
n.
See Proceeds.
n.
See Izard.
n.
A series of actions, motions, or occurrences; progressive act or transaction; continuous operation; normal or actual course or procedure; regular proceeding; as, the process of vegetation or decomposition; a chemical process; processes of nature.
v. t.
To make a recess in; as, to recess a wall.
n.
Playing at hazard; gaming; gambling.
n. pl.
An order of large birds; the Ratitae; -- called also Proceri.
v. i.
To begin and carry on a legal process.
n.
Risk; danger; peril; as, he encountered the enemy at the hazard of his reputation and life.
n.
A player at the game of hazard; a gamester.
n.
The consort of a prince; as, the princess of Wales.
n.
One who hazards or ventures.
imp. & p. p.
of Hazard
n.
In business of any kind; as, the progress of a negotiation; the progress of art.
n.
Holing a ball, whether the object ball (winning hazard) or the player's ball (losing hazard).
v. t.
To make progress in; to pass through.
n.
Hazard.
n.
Anything that is hazarded or risked, as the stakes in gaming.
v. i.
To make progress; to move forward in space; to continue onward in course; to proceed; to advance; to go on; as, railroads are progressing.